孕妇压力性尿失禁症状体验的质性研究

目的:探讨孕妇压力性尿失禁（SUI）的症状体验,为加强SUI防控并制定标准化症状管理策略提供依据。方法:采用目的抽样法,选取2018年7月—2019年11月在南方医科大学南方医院产科门诊常规产检的SUI孕妇11名作为研究对象。对孕妇进行半结构访谈,采用质性研究中的扎根理论分析资料。结果:通过分析提炼出4个主题,分别为认...     

老年女性压力性尿失禁患者睡眠质量及影响因素的调查分析

目的调查老年女性压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)患者的睡眠质量及影响因素。方法应用睡眠状况自评量表(self-rating scale of sleep,SRSS)和自行设计的影响睡眠因素调查问卷,对100例老年女性SUI患者进行问卷调查,了解其睡眠状况及影响因素。结果老年女性SUI患者SRSS评分较常模得分高;发生睡眠障碍的有61例,占61.00%;不良情绪、经济负担加重、夜间起床、躯体不适、噪声、环境陌生及生活习惯改变、灯光、日间活动量减少是影响患者睡眠质量的因素。结论老年女性SUI患者睡眠质量明显低于健康人群,其影响因素包括社会心理因素、生理因素及环境因素,应加强护理干预,提高患者睡眠质量。     

Continence efficacy intervention program for community residing women with stress urinary incontinence in Japan

Many women in Japan have lived with urinary incontinence (UI). These women are not willing to visit the hospital with their problem of incontinence. Even if the women consent to a hospital visit, continence education is often very limited and patients may immediately stop looking for further treatment. Programs of effective education are needed. The Continence Efficacy Intervention Program (CEIP) was developed for patients and was designed to circumvent many of the obstacles common to stopping exercise. In this study, a randomized trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of this program to conventional intervention on exercise continuity. This report describes the study design, intervention program, and outcomes. Subjects were 48 women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI): the mean age was 53.5, the mean weight was 56.6 kg, and the average prevalent year was 6.5 years. The CEIP phone interviews improved exercise continuity and urine loss symptom. Findings suggest that this intervention program is effective and readily available to the community-residing women with SUI.     

女性真性压力性尿失禁尿动力学参数与经阴道分娩次数的相关性研究

目的探讨女性真性压力性尿失禁尿动力学参数与经阴道分娩次数的相关性。方法对56例经阴道分娩生育的的真性压力性尿失禁患者行尿动力学检查，记录腹压漏尿点压测定（ALPP）和最大尿道关闭压（MUCP）、功能尿道长度（FUL）。分别对经阴道分娩次数与各个尿动力学参数进行直线相关分析。结果经阴道分娩次数与ALPP呈负相关（r=-0．349，P〈0.05），与MucP和FUL没有相关关系（r=-0．219，r=-0.178，均P〉0.05）。结论经阴道分娩在压力性尿失禁发病中有一定意义，分娩次数越多，尿失禁越严重。     

Stress urinary incontinence in women

PURPOSE: To review and synthesize existing knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of stress urinary incontinence in women. DATA SOURCE: Selected scientific literature. CONCLUSIONS: Stress urinary incontinence is more than merely a symptom. Instead, it is a clinically relevant disease with adverse psychosocial and physical consequences. Evaluation begins with active screening and is followed by individualized assessment when urinary leakage is detected. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Traditional treatment modalities, including pelvic muscle rehabilitation, focus on behavioral strategies to reduce urine loss, and surgical correction of anatomic defects is completed in selected cases. Pharmacotherapeutic options have been limited, but one compound is undergoing clinical trials to determine whether it is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.     

健康教育对尿失禁妇女的护理效果评价

目的 探讨健康教育对尿失禁妇女护理效果的影响作用.方法 于2010年1月～12月对在我院参加妇科普查的1 943名成年妇女进行尿失禁知识健康教育及定期随访,分别于健康教育前、6个月回访时进行问卷调查,以评价健康教育前后尿失禁妇女的护理效果.结果 在1 943名妇女中,健康教育后参加盆底肌训练及坚持训练的人数明显高于健康教育前,健康教育后到医院咨询及治疗人数明显高于健康教育前,健康教育后SUI患病人数及中重度比例亦明显低于健康教育前(P＜0.001).结论 对妇女进行尿失禁知识健康教育,推广盆底肌训练和膀胱功能训练,能显著提高妇女对尿失禁的认知,降低尿失禁的发病率,减低中重度比例,是保障妇女生殖健康的重要措施.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss nursing effect of health education on women with urinary incontinence. Methods From January to december in 2010, 1 943 adult women who received gynecology general survey in our hospital were treated with health education for urinary incontinence and were followed up regularly. They were investigated by questionnaire survey before health education and 6 months later after health education respectively. The effect of nursing for women with urinary incontinence were assessed. Results In these women patients,after health education, there were more women who participated in pelvic floor muscle training and adhered to training than before health education, the number of patients who received consultation and treatment increased significantly more than before. Afterf health education, the incidence of SUI, the proportion of moderate and severe symptoms were also significantly lower than before (P ＜0. 001 ). The differences was statistically significant. Conclusions Making health education on women with urinary incontinence and promoting pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and bladder functional training can significantly improve women's awareness of urinary incontinence, reduce the incidence of urinary incontinence, reduce the proportion of moderate and severe symptoms. These measures are important to protect women's reproductive health.     

经会阴二维超声对压力性尿失禁女性患者盆底的动态观察与评估

目的 应用经会阴二维超声动态观察与评估压力性尿失禁(SUI)女性患者盆底形态.方法 选择32例SUI女性患者(SUI组)、35例生育后无盆底功能障碍女性(对照组),采用经会阴二维超声分别在静息、Valsalva及缩肛状态下观查盆底器官的位置、形态及运动,测量及分析比较盆底二维超声系列参数.结果 二维超声声像图动态观察结果:在静息至Valsalva状态的转变过程中,对照组及SUI组女性膀胱颈及尿道均向后下方移动;在静息至缩肛状态的转变过程中,对照组及SUI组女性膀胱颈及尿道均向前上方移动.对照组71.40%(25/35)尿道为直线型,在静息至Valsalva状态转变过程中,28.60%(10/35)尿道后倾,8.60%(3/35)形成漏斗状结构,SUI组在静息至Valsalva状态转变过程中,87.50%(28/32)尿道后倾明显,28.10%(9/32)形成漏斗状结构.二维超声参数测量结果:静息状态时,SUI组膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘的水平距离x为(1.38±0.56) cm,大于对照组的(0.61±0.59)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.467,P=0.000);SUI组膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘的垂直距离y为-(2.01±0.47) cm,尿道膝部到X轴的距离为-(0.05±0.04)cm,尿道角为(137.48±22.26)°,均小于对照组的-(2.73±0.36)cm、-(0.50±0.44)cm、(157.41±18.07)°,且差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.075、5.760、4.038,P均=0.000);SUI组尿道长度、近段功能尿道长度均小于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义(t=1.724、1.702,P均＞0.05).Valsalva状态下,SUI组膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘的水平距离x为(2.14±0.77)cm,大于对照组的(1.38±0.57)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.618,P=0.000);SUI组膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘的垂直距离y为-(1.04±0.52)cm,近段功能尿道长度为(1.28±0.32)cm,尿道角为(129.09±12.72)°,均小于对照组的-(2.13±0.51)cm、(2.02±0.27)cm、(144.66±14.92)°,且差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为1.259、8.657、4.574,P均=0.000);SUI组尿道膝部到X轴的距离为(0.36±0.34)cm(耻骨联合下缘上方),对照组尿道膝部到X轴的距离-(0.28±0.27)cm(耻骨联合下缘下方),差异有统计学意义(t=-8.568,P=0.000);SUI组尿道长度小于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.974,P=0.053).缩肛状态下,SUI组膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘的水平距离x为(0.90±0.55)cm,大于对照组的(0.23±0.13)cm,且差异有统计学意义(t=-7.001,P=0.000);SUI组膀胱颈到耻骨联合下缘的垂直距离y为-(2.08±0.53)cm,近段功能尿道长度为(2.19±0.59)cm,尿道角为(142.78±22.56)°,均小于对照组的-(2.82±0.42)cm、(2.51±0.48)cm、(154.91±20.90)°,且差异均有统计学差异(t值分别为6.361、2.444、、2.285,P均<0.01或0.05);SUI组尿道膝部到X轴的距离为(0.04±0.03)cm(耻骨联合下缘上方),对照组尿道膝部到X轴的距离-(0.33±0.25)cm(耻骨联合下缘下方),差异有统计学意义(t=-8.312,P=0.000);SUI组尿道长度较对照组小,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.972,P=0.053).结论 经会阴二维超声能够清晰显示生育后无盆底功能障碍女性及SUI女性患者在静息、Valsalva及缩肛状态下的盆底形态结构的动态改变,提示SUI的发生可能与膀胱颈及尿道支持结构的缺陷有关.     

超声评估女性膀胱脱垂与压力性尿失禁的相关性研究

摘要：目的 探讨女性膀胱脱垂的超声特点及其与压力尿失禁的相关性。方法 2016年4月至2018年4月在本院就诊的90例膀胱脱垂合并SUI的患者,设为脱垂+SUI组。同期来本院就诊的90例膀胱脱垂患者,设为脱垂组（无SUI）。同期来本院体检的女性患者95例,设为对照组（无泌尿系统疾病）。各组均经会阴进行盆底二维超声检查。比较各组超声参数,根据二维超声检测结果,进行膀胱脱垂的分型。比较不同分型膀胱脱垂患者的超声参数。结果 脱垂+SUI组、脱垂组的膀胱尿道后角（PUA）、膀胱颈下降值（BND）、膀胱后壁最低点下降值、尿道旋转角均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。脱垂+SUI组的膀胱后壁最低点下降值、尿道旋转角均明显低于脱垂组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。脱垂+SUI组以I、II型膀胱脱垂为主。I、II型膀胱脱垂患者的PUA均明显高于III型,膀胱后壁最低点下降值、尿道旋转角均明显低于III型,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 二维盆底超声能够对膀胱脱垂及其不同类型进行评估和分析。SUI患者的膀胱脱垂以膀胱尿道膨出为主,主要超声表现特点为膀胱尿道后角增大及膀胱颈漏斗的形成。     

Bacteriuria is associated with urge urinary incontinence in older women

Objective

To investigate the association between bacteriuria and frequency and type of urinary incontinence in elderly people living in the community. Bacteriuria and urinary incontinence are common conditions and often coexisting in this population; the authors have previously reported the prevalence of bacteriuria to be 22.4% in women and 9.4% in men.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

The catchment area of a primary healthcare centre in a Swedish middle-sized town.

Subjects

Residents, except for those in nursing homes, aged 80 and over. Participation rate: 80.3% (431/537).

Main outcome measures

Urinary cultures and questionnaire data on urinary incontinence.

Results

In women the OR for having bacteriuria increased with increasing frequency of urinary incontinence; the OR was 2.83 (95% CI 1.35–5.94) for women who were incontinent daily as compared with continent women. Reporting urge urinary incontinence increased the risk of having bacteriuria: 3.36 (95% CI 1.49–7.58) in comparison with continent women while there was no significant association between stress urinary incontinence and bacteriuria. The prevalence of bacteriuria among men was too low to make any meaningful calculations about the association between bacteriuria and frequency and type of incontinence.

Conclusion

Bacteriuria is associated with more frequent leakage and predominantly with urge urinary incontinence. The causes of this association and their clinical implications remain unclear. There might be some individuals who would benefit from antibiotic treatment, but further studies are warranted.     

心理干预改善老年女性压力性尿失禁患者负性情绪和生活质量的研究

目的 评价心理干预改善老年女性压力性尿失禁患者负性情绪和生活质量的有效性.方法 随机将88例老年女性压力性尿失禁患者分为试验组和对照组,两组均给予对症支持治疗和常规护理,试验组则同时给予针对性的心理干预.采用老年抑郁量表(GDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、尿失禁生活质量评价量表(I-QOL)对两组患者干预前后的抑郁、焦虑、生活质量进行评价.结果 经为期1个月的干预后,试验组的评分与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),试验组患者的负性情绪和生活质量得到明显改善.结论 对老年女性压力性尿失禁患者实施针对性的心理干预,可以改善患者的负性情绪,提高患者的生活质量,对患者的生命意义具有积极的促进作用.     

压力性尿失禁女性患者盆底三维超声观察

目的应用经会阴三维超声观察压力性尿失禁患者在静息、Valsalva和缩肛时肛提肌裂孔和耻骨内脏肌的变化。方法对照组35例,尿失禁组32例,应用经会阴三维超声技术,分别在静息、Valsalva和缩肛时测量肛提肌裂孔横径（N）、前后径（M）、耻骨内脏肌厚度（C）和肛提肌左右支的夹角（1）。结果静息时,尿失禁组与对照组M、N、C、γ比较,无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;Valsalva和缩肛时,尿失禁组C较对照组薄（P〈0．05）;缩肛时,尿失禁组M较对照组长,C较对照组薄（P〈0．05）。结论经会阴三维超声可用于评估耻骨内脏肌功能,压力性尿失禁患者其功能下降。     

压力性尿失禁诊疗135例临床分析(英文)

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the two different treatments by researching 135 cases with stress urinary incontinence.Methods From June 2006 to June 2010,135 patients with stress urinary incontinence were treated in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital.91 cases of them were treated with low frequency electric stimulation and biofeedback therapy (Group A),and the other 44 cases were treated by improved transobturaor tension-free vagina...     

无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的 探讨无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法 30例女性压力性尿失禁患者行经阴道TVT。结果 随访3-31个月，平均21．8个月。术后拔除导尿管后尿失禁症状均得到控制，1例术后6个月再次出现尿失禁症状。2例术后出现排尿困难，分别于3周和2个月后恢复正常排尿。4例术后有尿频、尿急的症状。结论 TVT术操作简单、安全，效果好。     

经闭孔尿道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁中远期疗效及安全性分析

目的:评估经闭孔中段尿道无张力吊带术(TOT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的中远期疗效及安全性。方法:分析我院2006年12月至2011年3月226例接受TOT手术的压力性尿失禁患者的临床资料。单纯行TOT术患者207例,TOT术联合子宫切除和(或)阴道修补、盆底重建术患者19例。随访时间3～51个月,平均20.2个月。填写经过验证的短表ICI-Q-SF、PISQ-12、UDI-6/ⅡQ-7并比较患者手术前后膀胱残尿量(PVR)和最大尿流率(Qmax)评估手术效果及术后中远期并发症风险。结果:所有患者无膀胱损伤、尿道损伤、闭孔血管及神经损伤。术后3个月:治愈率94.7%,有效率97.3%;最终随访结果:治愈率90.3%,有效率92.9%。患者术后末次随访症状及QOL评分较术前均显著改善(P<0.01)。有性生活患者术后PISQ-12评分与术前相比有统计学意义改善(P<0.05)。患者术后末次UDI-6及Ⅱ-Q7问卷总体评分较术前有统计学意义降低(P<0.05),但29例患者术后末次UDI-6问卷梗阻项目评分较术前增加;20例患者术后末次UDI-6问卷尿频和尿急项目评分较术前增加。患者手术前后Qmax及PVR无统计学意义变化(P>0.05)。结论:TOT术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁微创、有效和安全的手术方法。抗尿失禁术后患者系统的随访对于潜在并发症的提示至关重要。     

盆底肌肉锻炼对压力性尿失禁患者术后控尿效果的影响

目的探讨盆底肌肉锻炼对女性压力性尿失禁患者经阴道无张力尿道中段吊带术后控尿效果的影响。方法根据手术时间的先后顺序,将101例压力性尿失禁患者分为对照组(51例)和观察组(50例),对照组患者术后出院时行常规出院指导,观察组患者在此基础上进行一对一的盆底肌肉锻炼指导。治疗前及干预指导3个月后分别采用国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷简表评价患者尿失禁的严重程度。结果共完成94例资料的有效收集。观察组(48例)治疗后ICIQ-SF总分、漏尿次数和漏尿量低于对照组(46例)(P0.05);观察组患者漏尿程度总体低于对照组患者(P=0.041);观察组的主观治愈率高于对照组(P=0.009)。结论压力性尿失禁患者术后给予盆底肌肉锻炼指导,有利于改善患者术后尿失禁症状及漏尿程度,提高患者的主观治愈率,对患者术后控尿效果的改善优于单纯的手术治疗。     

压力性尿失禁动物模型建立

目的探讨模拟产伤建立压力性尿失禁动物模型的可行性。方法雌性成年未育SD大鼠22只,分为实验组15只,对照组7只。实验组行阴道损伤即模拟产伤,对照组仅插入阴道扩张气囊和导尿管,常规饲养1个月后行尿动力学检查。结果术后2组最大膀胱容积、漏尿点压力、腹压漏尿点压、喷嚏试验差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论模拟产伤可有效建立雌性大鼠压力性尿失禁模型。     

心理干预改善老年女性压力性尿失禁患者负性情绪和生活质量的研究

Objective To evaluate the mental intervention to improve negative emotion and quality of life of elder women with stress urinary incontinence.Methods A total of 88 cases of older women with stress urinary incontinence were divided randomly into test group and control group,two groups were given symptomatic treatment and routine care,the test group was also given specific mental intervention.The mental state and quality of life were evaluated by GDS,SAS,I-QOL Results After a period of one month,there was significant difference between the scores of the two groups (both P ＜ 0.05),the negative emotion and quality of life of test group were improved markedly.Conclusions The targeted mental intervention can improve the patient s ' negative emotions,elevate quality of life and promote patients'quality of life.     

盆底肌肉功能锻炼治疗女性轻中度压力性尿失禁的临床研究

目的观察盆底肌肉功能锻炼治疗女性轻、中度压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床疗效,为寻找合适的治疗方法提供理论参考。方法将107例轻、中度SUI患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组采用常规药物治疗,治疗组采用盆底肌肉功能锻炼治疗。连续治疗12周后评价临床疗效,观察治疗前后两组患者尿动力学指标的变化。结果 (1)两组患者的最大尿流率、平均尿流率与治疗前比较显著下降(P0.05)。两组患者的排尿时间、功能性尿道长、最大尿道关闭压与治疗前比较显著上升(P0.05),且治疗组与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P0.05);(2)治疗组临床疗效总有效率为92.2%,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论盆底肌肉功能锻炼是轻、中度女性SUI患者的首选治疗方法 ,值得临床推广应用。     

产后压力性尿失禁妇女盆底肌训练知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的:调查产后压力性尿失禁（SUI）患者盆底肌训练知信行情况。方法:便利选取2018年1月—2019年1月北京某妇产医院产后12周在盆底门诊就诊患者213例,采用产褥期妇女盆底肌功能锻炼知信行及需求问卷进行调查,分析患者盆底肌功能锻炼知信行的影响因素。结果:213例SUI患者盆底肌训练知信行总体标准分为（75.70±1...