超声内镜与CT对胰腺及壶腹部周围肿瘤的术前诊断价值

目的评估超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)和CT对胰腺及壶腹部周围肿瘤的术前诊断价值。方法回顾性分析33例胰腺及壶腹部肿瘤患者术前EUS、CT资料,与手术探查及术后病理结果对照,从肿瘤大小、部位等角度筛选出影响EUS准确性的因素。结果 EUS在判断胰周脂肪浸润、胆管扩张、胰周脏器侵犯、血管侵犯等方面敏感性、特异性与CT的差异无统计学意义(P>0．05);EUS在胰管扩张及淋巴结转移方面的诊断价值优于CT(P=0．039和P=0．004); EUS判断胰周脂肪浸润和胰周脏器侵及的准确性与肿瘤大小有关(P=0．015和P=0．022),判断胰管扩张的准确性与肿瘤部位有关(P<0．001)。结论 EUS对胰腺及壶腹部周围肿瘤诊断的临床价值很高,结合CT检查有助于加强对患者术前评价的认识。     

腹腔镜在胰腺肿瘤诊断和分期中的价值

目的:总结胰腺肿瘤剖腹手术前先行腹腔镜探查的价值。方法:对12例经B超和CT诊断或怀疑为胰腺肿瘤的病人,在剖腹手术前先行腹腔镜探查,其中2例联合使用腹腔镜超声检查(LUS)。结果:1例CT诊断疑为胰头肿瘤伴少量腹水者,腹腔镜明确为原发性腹膜炎,作冲洗引流而愈。2例影像学检查见胰体尾增厚,怀疑胰腺肿瘤者,腹腔镜检查未见明显异常,再作LUS检查,1例为胰腺囊肿,另1例未见异常。9例腹腔镜检查确诊为胰腺恶性肿瘤病人中,3例明确已有远处转移,从而避免了开腹;另6例腹腔镜探查提示可以切除,结果其中1例由于肠系膜血管被肿瘤包绕而无法切除,余5例(5/9=55.6%)进行了根治性切除。腹腔镜探查在评估胰腺癌不可切除性的敏感性为75%,特异性为100%,阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为83.3%。结论:腹腔镜探查可发现影像学检查不能发现的腹膜转移,结合腹腔镜超声检查可提高胰腺肿瘤诊断、分期的准确性,使部分病人避免了不必要的剖腹手术。     

ERCP对胰腺癌及壶腹部肿瘤的诊断价值

对７６例临床拟诊胰腺癌或Ｖａｔｅｒ壶腹部肿瘤患者，进行纤维十二指肠镜及ＥＲＣＰ检查。将检查结果与ＧＩ、Ｂ超、ＣＴ、手术探查、病理检查对照．发现：（１）对胰腺癌定位诊断符合率１００％．定性诊断符合率９３．５％（２９／３１），仅２例慢性胰腺炎误诊为癌；（２）对胆管下端肿瘤定位诊断符合率１００％．定性诊断常有困难．需同时作经皮肝穿刺造影（ＰＴＣ）；（３）对十二指肠降部及乳头肿瘤的定位诊断符合率１００％．定性诊断符合率９６．１％（２５／２６）．仅１例诊为乳头腺癌．术中冰冻病理诊断为腺瘤部分恶变。提示内镜及ＥＲ－ＣＰ对胰腺癌及壶腹部肿瘤具有重要诊断价值．可弥补ＧＩ、Ｂ超、ＣＴ的不足．是不可替代的检查方法。     

诊断性腹腔镜在壶腹部癌的意义评价

壶腹部癌术前使用腹腔镜结合腹腔镜超声检查，可发现一些影像学不能发现的微小转移灶，包括肝表面病灶以及腹腔内的肿大淋巴结和血管浸润等，从而综合判断肿瘤是否能够根治性切除。这项技术已经应用于临床。为了评价诊断性腹腔镜的价值和意义，作者对297例壶腹部癌病例进行了研究。     

壶腹部癌的诊断和治疗

壶腹部癌的发病率高于胆管下端癌，但远低于胰头癌。据统计，其发病率仅为胰头癌的1／12。近年，随着消化内镜的普及，壶腹部癌的发现率逐渐增加。与胆管下端癌及胰头癌比较，壶腹部癌的预后相对较好，手术切除率高，术后5年生存率为30％-70％，诊断和治疗有其独自的特点。     

腹部超声在结肠癌术前分期诊断中的价值

目的:探讨腹部超声在结肠癌术前分期诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2020-2022年80例行手术治疗的结肠癌患者临床资料。所有患者入院后术前均行腹部超声检查与CT检查，以术后病理检查结果为金标准，比较腹部超声检查和CT检查对结肠癌T分期的诊断价值。结果:术后病理诊断T分期结果显示，T1 10例，T2 19例，T3 39例，T4 12例，腹部超声单项检查对结肠癌T1、T2、T3、T4分期诊断准确率分别为90.00%、89.47%、94.87%和83.33%,CT单项检查诊断准确率分别为60.00%、73.68%、82.05%和66.67%,腹部超声联合CT检查准确率分别为90.00%、94.74%、97.44%和91.67%。结论:结肠癌患者术前应用腹部超声检查能较好的分辨肿瘤浸润程度，帮助医师明确肿瘤T分期，具有较高的诊断价值，但腹部超声联合CT的诊断价值更高。     

壶腹部肿瘤诊治现状

壶腹部肿瘤是指发生于十二指肠乳头内胆管、乳头内胰管、胆胰管壶腹或十二指肠大乳头区域的肿瘤 ,其组织学分型与胰腺其他部位的肿瘤相同 ,如1 999年世界卫生组织将胰腺外分泌肿瘤分为良性、交界性 (指粘液性囊腺瘤或者导管内乳头状粘液腺瘤伴中度不典型增生、实性 -假乳头状瘤 )和恶性三大类。在良性肿瘤中 ,又分成浆液性囊腺瘤、粘液性囊腺瘤、导管内乳头状粘液腺瘤和成熟性畸胎瘤等几种 ,在诊治上问题不多 ,主要在于鉴别其良恶性性质。一般在 B超和 CT扫描上可以发现占位性实质或囊性病变 ,并在 B超和 CT扫描引导下对囊肿病变行穿刺抽…     

壶腹部癌的诊断和治疗

Ampullary cancer is a relatively uncommon cancer,which is often considered to have a best prognosis among periampullary cancers.Preoperative endoscopic uhrasonography and transpapillary intraductal ultrasonography Call provide useful information not only for tumor staging but also for making therapeutic decisions,especially in patients who are appropriate for endoscopic papillectomy.Whipple resection and pylrus preserring panereaticoduodenectomy are considered to be the standard treatment for ampullary cancer.Although transduedenal ampullectomy is regarded as a less-invasive treatment compared with Whipple resection,it has a high morbidity and hish rate of cancer-cell remnant at the resected margin.Endoscopic papiilectomy may be the treatment of choice for selected cases of ampullary cancer. As to unresectable ampullary cancer,the performance of a biliary-enteric bypass is considered routine to solve obstructive ianndice.The decision as to whether to perform gastrojejunostomy in patients without obvious gastroduodenal obstruction secondary to the tumor remains controversial.We believe that prophylactic gastrojejunostomy should be performed routinely when a patient is undergoing surgical palliation for unresectable ampullary cancer.     

MRI对壶腹部肿瘤的临床价值

ＭＲＩ对壶腹部肿瘤的临床价值宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院（３１５０４０）鲍生甫，严志龙，梅绍前，何向蕾，缪光胜壶腹部肿瘤因早期缺乏特征性症状，诊断较为困难，且恶性程度高，因而手术切除率低，预后较差。我院自１９９３年６月至１９９５年４月共收治壶腹部肿瘤２６...     

腹部恶性肿瘤的腹腔镜分期

长期以来对腹部恶性肿瘤病人开腹探查明确分期,不仅切除率较低,手术并发症较多(15%～20%),有一定的病死率(0～10%),而且病人痛苦大,花费高,使免疫力本已低下的肿瘤患者承受不必要的创伤打击,对不能切除者更是得不偿失。即使是术前各种先进的影像学检查认为可以切除的腹部?..     

腹腔镜超声影像技术在腹内恶性肿瘤诊治中的价值

应用腹腔镜超声技术(LapUS)对30例怀疑为腹内恶性肿瘤患者进行分期诊断和术中应用,探讨了LapUS对腹内恶性肿瘤分期诊断和治疗中的价值。结果表明,LapUS对腹内肿瘤诊断正确率达96.7％(29/30),12例避免了不必要的剖腹探查术(占40％)。LapUS对腹内恶性肿瘤准确定位、准确分期能提供非常有价值的信息,可判断恶性肿瘤能否切除,减少了不必要的剖腹探查并能指导手术方式和切除范围。     

Laparoscopy with Laparoscopic Ultrasonography in the TNM Staging of Pancreatic Carcinoma

A prospective study was performed comparing laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography (LapUS), transabdominal ultrasonography (USS), computed tomography (CT), and selective visceral angiography with portal phase venography (SVA) for the assessment of resectability in 50 patients with pancreatic or periampullary cancer. The results were stratified by TNM stages. Tumor unresectability was demonstrated in 36 patients (72%). The sensitivity of LapUS for demonstrating the index lesion was 96%. Laparoscopic ultrasonography failed to predict factors precluding resection by T stage in six patients, and there were no significant differences in the ability of any modality to predict local resectability (predictive value 58–73%). Laparoscopic ultrasonography did not overestimate T stage and was significantly more specific for assessing unresectability compared with USS (100% vs. 64%, p < 0.05) and CT (100% vs. 47%, p < 0.005). No imaging investigation was able to assess the N stage accurately. Metastases were confirmed in 16 patients (32%), with LapUS proving significantly more sensitive than USS (94% vs. 29%, p < 0.001) and CT (94% vs. 33%, p < 0.005). The addition of LapUS to the laparoscopic examination did not change the M stage in any patient, as all metastases were superficially located. Laparoscopy with LapUS was the most reliable method for assessing overall tumour resectability and was significantly more predictive than CT (97% vs. 79%, p < 0.005). These results confirm that laparoscopy is indispensable for detecting occult intraabdominal metastases. LapUS reliably predicts tumor unresectability, offsetting the tendency of USS and CT to overestimate T stage. Methods of accurate N staging remain elusive, and the use of routine SVA is not justified.     

壶腹周围病变超声内镜诊断价值的探讨

目的 探讨超声内镜（EUS）对壶腹周围病变的诊断价值。方法 对56例壶腹周围病变患（肿瘤性病变44例，非肿瘤性病变12例）施行超声内镜检查，并与体外超声（US），CT检查比较。结果 对照手术结果，EUS对肿瘤性病变正确诊断率为88.6%(39/44)，漏诊3例，误诊2你；非肿瘤性病变正确诊断率83.4%(10/12)，误诊2例。EUS对全部病例的诊断符合率为87.5%(49/56)。US与CT分别为53.6%(30/56）与46.4%(26/56)。有显差异（P=0.011)。结论 EUS是诊断壶腹周围病变的良好手段，特别是对小病变有显的优越性。     

The Role of Staging Laparoscopy in Hepatobiliary Malignancy: Prospective Analysis of 401 Cases

Background:Patients with potentially resectable hepatobiliary malignancy are frequently found to have unresectable tumors at laparotomy. We prospectively evaluated staging laparoscopy in patients with resectable disease on preoperative imaging.Methods:Staging laparoscopy was performed on 410 patients with potentially resectable hepatobiliary malignancy. The preoperative likelihood of resectability was recorded. Data on preoperative imaging, operative findings, and hospital course were analyzed.Results:Laparoscopic inspection was complete in 291 (73%) patients. In total, 153 patients (38%) had unresectable disease, 84 of whom were identified laparoscopically, increasing resectability from 62% to 78%. On multivariate analysis, a complete examination, preoperative likelihood of resection, and primary diagnosis were significant predictors of identifying unresectable disease at laparoscopy. The highest yield was for biliary cancers, and the lowest was for metastatic colorectal cancer. In patients with unresectable disease identified at laparoscopy, the mean hospital stay was 3 days, and postoperative morbidity was 9%, compared with 8 days and 27%, respectively, in patients found to have unresectable disease at laparotomy.Conclusions:Laparoscopy spared one in five patients a laparotomy while reducing hospital stay and morbidity. Targeting laparoscopy to patients at high risk for unresectable disease requires consideration of disease-specific factors; however, the surgeons preoperative impression of resectability is also important.     

阴道超声在腹腔镜多发子宫肌瘤剔除术中的应用价值

目的探讨在腹腔镜剔除子宫多发肌瘤术中应用阴道超声减少肌瘤残留及降低复发的临床价值。方法2010年1月一2011年12月85例多发子宫肌瘤按入院日期单、双号分为阴道超声引导腹腔镜组（n=42）与腹腔镜组（n=43）。阴道超声引导腹腔镜组于腹腔镜手术后经阴道超声引导将残留的子宫肌瘤继续在腔镜下剔除。结果2组术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。阴道超声引导腹腔镜组术中发现11枚残留肌瘤,均为肌壁间肌瘤,肌瘤直径1．5—2．5cm。腹腔镜组7例复发（16．3％,7／43）,阴道超声引导腹腔镜组1例复发（2．4％,1／42）,均为肌壁间肌瘤,2组复发率比较无统计学差异（x2=3．321,P=0．068）。结论阴道超声引导下腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术可以最大限度地避免肌瘤残留。     

Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy

Distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation may be the preferred procedure for certain benign tumors and cystic lesions of the pancreatic body or tail. Alternatively, laparoscopic removal including either distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy or splenic-preservation with ligation of the splenic vessels have also been described. We describe, herein, our method to perform spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy that preserves the splenic vessels and hence splenic function. The described technique of spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy has been used in two patients with favorable results. Both patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenic conservation for an oligocystic serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenoma. Operative time was 3–6 hours with total blood loss of less than 200 cc in both cases. The length of stay in the hospital was 4–8 days and both patients returned to work within 3 weeks. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy should be considered for younger patientswith select body or tail lesions that are not candidates for less extensive procedures.     

Laparoscopic Enucleation of a Pancreatic Insulinoma: Report of a Case

(Received for publication on May 14, 1997; accepted on Nov. 6, 1997)     

内镜超声检查对胰腺癌进展程度的评估

目的：正确诊断胰腺癌对周围脏器的侵犯程度。方法：在１８０例经超声内镜（ＥＵＳ）诊断的胰腺癌中,分析６０例同时具有病理学、体外Ｂ超（ＵＳ）、ＣＴ和ＥＲＣＰ检查的６０例病人。比较以上４种影像学检查方法对胰腺癌７种进展程度指标（胰前方被膜侵犯、胰后方组织侵犯、胆总管胰段侵犯、十二指肠侵犯、门静脉侵犯、动脉侵犯及局部淋巴结转移）的诊断正确率。结果：ＥＵＳ诊断准确率分别达８９％,９０％,８２％,７１％,７６％,８６％,７５％,均高于ＵＳ、ＣＴ和ＥＲＣＰ,其中ＥＲＣＰ仅能显示胆总管胰段,但其诊断胆总管胰段侵犯正确率与ＥＵＳ相当（８０％）。结论：ＥＵＳ对胰腺癌进展程度的诊断有较大价值。     

腹腔镜结直肠手术55例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠手术的优缺点、手术方法及应用价值。方法 经腹腔镜行结直肠手术55例,其中右半结肠切除15例,横结肠癌根治3例,Dixon手术20例,乙状结肠癌姑息切除4例(其中2例肝转移癌电凝固化),左半结肠切除1例,Miles手术6例,乙状结肠腺瘤切除2例,乙状结肠造瘘1例、直肠悬吊1例,先天性巨结肠切除2例。结果 54例成功完成手术,肿瘤侵犯十二指肠及胰头而中转开腹1例。手术时间平均148．8分钟。术后平均30．9小时胃肠功能恢复,且无并发症发生,术后平均住院7．6天。随访1～66月,1例横结肠癌术后23月出现肺转移,32月死亡;1例乙状结肠癌伴肝转移术后23月出现别处肝转移,开腹行右半肝切除。结论 腹腔镜结直肠手术技术上是可行的,具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快、胃肠道干扰小、术后疼痛轻、疤痕小等优点,值得进一步探索。