依托泊苷固体分散体的制备及体外研究

目的 制备依托泊苷固体分散体，改善依托泊苷的溶出度。方法 应用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPK30）和聚乙二醇（PEG6000）为载体，以溶剂法制备固体分散体。采用正交实验设计考察制备固体分散体的最佳工艺条件，并对所得样品进行体外溶出度研究，以X线衍射、DSC-量热分析进行物相鉴定。结果 依托泊苷在载体PVPK30和PEG6000中结晶消失。药物的溶出速度随载体比例增加而增加。结论 采用PVPK30和PEG6000所制依托泊苷固体分散体能显著提高药物的体外溶出度，药物以无定形状态或分子态存在于载体中。     

他达那非固体分散体的制备和性质研究

目的制备他达那非(tadalafil,TD)固体分散体并进行性质研究。方法利用喷雾干燥法制备固体分散体,以表观溶解度和溶出度为指标筛选处方,采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、粉末X-射线衍射(PXRD)和接触角测定等技术研究药物的存在状态和润湿性等理化性质。结果固体分散体将他达那非的表观溶解度提高22.6倍;20min内药物的累积溶出超过90%;固体分散体药物以分子或无定形状态存在;接触角减小,润湿性增大。结论采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和介孔硅为载体制备的他达那非固体分散体,能明显提高药物的表观溶解度和溶出度。     

热熔挤出法制备槲皮素固体分散体

目的采用热熔挤出技术制备难溶性药物槲皮素的固体分散体,提高其溶出速率。方法以聚丙烯酸树脂(EudragitEPO)、聚维酮(PVP-K30)、共聚维酮(PVP-VA,Kollidon VA64)为亲水性载体材料,使用双螺杆热熔挤出机制备槲皮素固体分散体,通过体外溶出度测定、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射法(XRD)来表征和评价所制备的固体分散体。结果制备的槲皮素固体分散体,与原料药相比,药物溶出得到显著提高,在人工胃液中3 min时处方槲皮素-EPO(1∶9)的药物溶出度可达到67%,处方槲皮素-木糖醇-PVPK30(1∶3∶6)的药物溶出度可达到65%,而在60 min时原料药溶出度不足10%。XRD图谱显示药物晶体衍射峰消失,DSC图谱显示药物熔点吸热峰消失,提示药物是以无定形态分散在载体材料中。结论热熔挤出技术可用于制备槲皮素固体分散体,使药物以无定型态高度分散在载体中,溶出度得到显著提高。     

酮洛芬-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮固体分散物的制备及其体外溶出度的研究

目的提高难溶性药物酮洛芬体外溶出速度。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)为载体,制备药物与载体不同比例的固体分散物及物理混合物,采用X射线衍射和红外吸收方法,比较二者及药物的结晶形态,并进行体外药物溶出度的测定。结果固体分散物体外溶出速率明显高于物理混合物及酮洛芬原料的体外溶出速度,且随载体比例增加而增大。固体分散物的X射线衍射及红外吸收图谱确定了酮洛芬以无定形态分散在载体中,放置6个月后,固体分散物X射线衍射图谱没有明显变化。结论药物与载体以合适比例制备的固体分散物可以明显提高药物体外溶出速度。     

他克莫司固体分散体的制备及体外溶出度测定

目的:制备他克莫司固体分散体,提高他克莫司的体外溶出度。方法:以体外溶出度为指标,从泊洛沙姆188(Poloxamer188)、聚维酮K30(PVP K30)、羟丙甲纤维素(HPMCE3)、聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)中筛选最优载体及其比例。并采用差示热量扫描(DSC)、红外光谱(FTIR)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)等进行物相表征。结果:4种不同载体制成的固体分散体均能增加他克莫司体外溶出度,通过比较优选出HPMCE3为最佳载体。物相鉴定表明,他克莫司大部分以无定型状态分散于HPMCE3中。结论:制备他克莫司-HPMCE3固体分散体可以明显提高其体外溶出度,且制备方法简单可行。     

Enhancement of dissolution rate of rofecoxib using solid dispersions with urea

The aim of this study was to enhance the dissolution rate of rofecoxib using solid dispersions (SDs) with urea. In preliminary studies, the solubility behavior of rofecoxib in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30, mannitol, and urea in water was obtained at 37°C to choose an effective carrier for preparing its SDs. A systematic increase in the solubility behavior of rofecoxib was observed with increasing concentrations of these carriers in water except mannitol. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values were negative indicating the spontaneous nature of rofecoxib solubilization, and it decreased with increases in concentration, demonstrating that the reaction became more favorable as the concentration of these carriers increased. Since, urea exhibited higher solubilizing power than the other carriers, SDs of rofecoxib with urea were prepared at 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, and 1:10 (rofecoxib:urea) ratios by the fusion method. Evaluation of the properties of the SDs was performed using dissolution studies, fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dissolution rate of rofecoxib was enhanced rapid by its SDs with urea and increased with increasing concentrations of urea in SDs. The mean dissolution time (MDT) of rofecoxib decreased after preparation of SDs and physical mixtures with urea. FTIR spectroscopic studies showed the stability of rofecoxib and the absence of a well‐defined rofecoxib‐urea interaction. DSC and XRD studies confirmed the amorphous state of rofecoxib in SDs of rofecoxib with urea. SEM pictures showed the formation of effective SDs of rofecoxib with urea since well‐defined changes in the surface nature of rofecoxib, SDs, and physical mixture were observed. Drug Dev Res 63:181–189, (2004). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

布格呋喃固体分散体的体外研究

布格呋喃(buagafuran,AF-5)是以( )香芹酮为起始原料通过立体选择性合成的沉香呋喃类化合物[1].它具有显著的抗焦虑作用,毒副作用低,市场前景广阔.布格呋喃为油状液体,脂溶性强,不溶于水.用植物油稀释进行小鼠灌胃,抗焦虑活性与空白组比较无统计学意义,不能较好地发挥药效.室温放置易发生降解,化学稳定性差.这些缺     

Characteristics of Rofecoxib-Polyethylene Glycol 4000 Solid Dispersions and Tablets Based on Solid Dispersions

The aim of this work was to report the properties of rofecoxib-PEG 4000 solid dispersions and tablets prepared using rofecoxib solid dispersions. Rofecoxib is a poorly water soluble nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a poor dissolution profile. This work investigated the possibility of developing rofecoxib tablets, allowing fast, reproducible, and complete rofecoxib dissolution, by using rofecoxib solid dispersion in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the solid state of solid dispersions. The effect of PEG 4000 concentration on the dissolution rate of rofecoxib from its solid dispersions was investigated. The dissolution rate of rofecoxib from its solid dispersions increased with an increasing amount of PEG 4000. The extent of dissolution rate enhancement was estimated by calculating the mean dissolution time (MDT) values. The MDT of rofecoxib decreased significantly after preparing its solid dispersions with PEG 4000. The FTIR spectroscopic studies showed the stability of rofecoxib and absence of well-defined rofecoxib-PEG 4000 interaction. The DSC and XRD studies indicated the amorphous state of rofecoxib in solid dispersions of rofecoxib with PEG 4000. SEM pictures showed the formation of effective solid dispersions of rofecoxib with PEG 4000 since well-defined change in the surface nature of rofecoxib and solid dispersions were observed. Solid dispersions formulation with highest drug dissolution rate (rofecoxib: PEG 4000 1:10 ratio) was used for the preparation of solid dispersion–based rofecoxib tablets by the direct compression method. Solid dispersion–based rofecoxib tablets obtained by direct compression, with a hardness of 8.1 Kp exhibited rapid drug dissolution and produced quick anti-inflammatory activity when compared to conventional tablets containing pure rofecoxib at the same drug dosage. This indicated that the improved dissolution rate and quick anti-inflammatory activity of rofecoxib can be obtained from its solid dispersion–based oral tablets.     

环孢素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的体外评价

目的以泊洛沙姆188（F68）为载体制备环孢素（CsA）固体分散体并考察其体外溶出。方法以溶剂一熔融法制备固体分散体，以差示扫描量热法（DSC）和X．射线衍射法鉴定CsA在体系中的存在状态，以FTIR表征药物与载体的相互作用，以摇瓶法测定CsA的溶解度，按《中国药典》溶出度第三法测定CsA从物理混合物和固体分散体中的溶出。结果X-射线衍射图谱显示CsA结晶衍射峰消失，提示药物以无定形或分子状态存在于固体分散体中。FTIR结果表明药物与载体间无相互作用。药物溶解度和溶出度均随着F68比例的增加而增大，固体分散体和物理混合物60min的累积溶出百分率分别为99．32％和75．41％，两者具显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论F68能提高CsA的溶解度和溶出度，可用来制备CsA的固体剂型。     

尼群地平固体分散体的休外溶出特性

目的：制备尼群地平固体分散体,增加其溶解度和溶出速度。方法：以聚乙二醇6000（PEG6000）、聚乙二醇4000（PEG4000）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPk30)为载体,以溶剂－熔融法和共沉淀法制备尼群地平固体分散体。应用差热分析鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态,同时进行溶解测定和溶出度研究。结果：尼群地平与载体形成了共熔物,药物以微细结晶存在于载体中,载体比例越大,药物溶出越快,溶解度越大,结论：尼群地平与3种载体形成的固体散全在水中的溶解度均有显著增加（P＜0．05）。当尼群地平－载体比例达1：4时,尼群地平从固体分散体中的溶出速度明显大于尼群地平纯药和尼发群地平－载体（1：8）物理混合物（P＜0．05）。3种载体中以PVPK30对尼群地平的溶解度及溶出速度增加最为显著。     

磷脂固体分散体对槲皮素溶出促进作用的研究

目的研究磷脂固体分散体对槲皮素溶出的促进作用。方法用溶剂法制备了不同比例的槲皮素的磷脂固体分散体 ,与其相应的物理混合物及槲皮素的PVP或PEG4 0 0 0 (1∶1)固体分散体并进行了溶出的对比研究。结果所制得固体分散体均可改善槲皮素的溶出 ,而质量比为 1∶1的槲皮素 磷脂固体分散体的溶出促进作用最为显著。DSC和X射线粉末衍射的研究表明 ,在质量比为1∶1的槲皮素 磷脂固体分散体中 ,槲皮素以无定形的状态分散于载体磷脂中 ,其熔点吸热峰消失。结论槲皮素溶出度的增大与其无定形的存在状态、磷脂对其的润湿作用以及磷脂在水中可形成脂质体有关     

不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇对槲皮素的增溶作用

目的　研究不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇对槲皮素的增溶作用。方法　分别用聚乙二醇 4 0 0 0 ,6 0 0 0 ,10 0 0 0 (PEG40 0 0 ,PEG60 0 0 ,PEG10 0 0 0 )为载体 ,采用熔融法制备槲皮素固体分散体 ,测定槲皮素原料药、固体分散物以及机械混合物的溶解度 ,以红外光谱和紫外光谱分析固体分散物。结果　槲皮素固体分散物中槲皮素的溶解度 (48.78,78.39,81.35 mg.L-1)比槲皮素 (12 .75 mg.L-1)以及相同质量比机械混合物 (12 .86 ,13.15 ,13.2 8mg.L-1)的溶解度有明显提高。结论　不同相对分子量聚乙二醇可以不同程度增加槲皮素的溶解度。     

Solid dispersions: a strategy for poorly aqueous soluble drugs and technology updates

Introduction: Present article reviews solid dispersion (SD) technologies and other patented inventions in the area of pharmaceutical SDs, which provide stable amorphous SDs.

Areas covered: The review briefly compiles different techniques for preparing SDs, their applications, characterization of SDs, types of SDs and also elaborates the carriers used to prepare SDs. The advantages of recently introduced SD technologies such as RightSize^?, closed-cycle spray drying (CSD), Lidose® are summarized. Stability-related issues like phase separation, re-crystallization and methods to curb these problems are also discussed. A patented carrier-screening tool for predicting physical stability of SDs on the basis of drug–carrier interaction is explained. Applications of SD technique in controlled drug delivery systems and cosmetics are explored. Review also summarizes the carriers such as Soluplus®, Neusilin®, Solumer^TM used to prepare stable amorphous SD.

Expert opinion: Binary and ternary SDs are found to be more stable and provide better enhancement of solubility or dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs. The use of surfactants in the carrier system of SD is a recent trend. Surfactants and polymers provide stability against re-crystallization of SDs, surfactants also improve solubility and dissolution of drug.     

氯化血红素固体分散物的研制及其分散特征评价

目的:探讨氯化血红素固体分散物的制备及其分散特征的评价.方法:采用溶剂熔融法制备氯化血红素固体分散物,用差示热量扫描(DSC)图谱、红外光谱、X-射线衍射图谱的变化鉴定药物在载体中的分散特征;并对其溶解度和累积溶出速率进行考察.结果:结果显示,以氯化血红素为主药,聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)为载体制成的固体分散物中,氯化血红素是以分子状态分散在载体中;经溶解度和累积溶出速率的测定,固体分散物溶解度为原药的49倍,固体分散物较原药在30 min时的累积溶出速率提高了22倍.结论:制成固体分散物后,形成填充型固体溶液,氯化血红素的溶解度和溶出速率均得到显著提高,提示本工艺可行,同时也为氯化血红素新制剂的研究提供科学依据.     

槲皮素聚维酮固体分散体的研制

目的制备槲皮素聚维酮固体分散体,以提高槲皮素的水溶性。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为载体,采用溶剂法制备槲皮素的固体分散体;分别测定槲皮素原料药、固体分散体以及机械混合物在水中的溶解度,并对其进行红外、紫外光谱分析。结果槲皮素固体分散物在水中的溶解度与槲皮素原料药和机械混合物相比有明显提高;槲皮素分子与载体PVP分子之间未发生化学变化,槲皮素只是以超微结构分散于载体中。结论PVP可用作槲皮素固体分散体的载体,并可提高槲皮素的水溶性。     

非洛地平固体分散体的制备和体外溶出度考察

目的应用固体分散技术,提高非洛地平的体外溶出度。方法以PVPK30、Lutrol F68、Tween80(与吸附剂,如PVPP)为载体,分别采用溶剂法、熔融法、溶剂蒸发-沉积等技术制备非洛地平固体分散体,考察不同载体对固体分散体溶出度的影响。并着重考察以Tween 80为增溶剂,不同种类吸附剂为载体对固体分散体外观、溶出度的影响。应用差示热分析和X射线衍射鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态。结果采用不同载体和方法制备的非洛地平固体分散体均能明显促进药物的溶出,溶出速度依次为Tween 80>Lutrol F68>PVPk30。其中m(药物)∶m(Tween 80)∶m(PVPP)=1∶4∶5时,溶出速度最快,1 h累积释放率达90%以上。差示热分析固体分散体中药物吸热峰前移或消失,X射线衍射固体分散体中药物的结晶衍射峰消失,推测药物在载体中以无定形或分子形式存在。结论制备非洛地平固体分散体可以提高其体外溶出度,尤其是含有表面活性剂的固体分散体可进一步提高药物的溶出。     

超临界抗溶剂技术制备对乙酰氨基酚-PEG4000固体分散体

以水难溶药物对乙酰氨基酚为模型体系，研究了超临界二氧化碳抗溶剂法(PCA和GAS)制备乙酰氨基酚-PEG分散体微细颗粒的影响因素，用电子扫描显微镜、X射线衍射仪和示差扫描量热仪研究了颗粒的物理性质，发现经PCA和GAS处理后，颗粒分散性增强，与水的接触面积增大，溶出速度和溶出量均随之增大。研究表明．超临界抗溶剂过程是制备固体分散体的一个可行的方法。     

Physicochemical Characterization and Dissolution Study of Solid Dispersions of Lovastatin with Polyethylene Glycol 4000 and Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30

Solid dispersions in water-soluble carriers have attracted considerable interest as a means of improving the dissolution rate, and hence possibly bioavailability, of a range of hydrophobic drugs. The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug, Lovastatin, by a solid dispersion technique. Solid dispersions were prepared by using polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) in different drug-to‐carrier ratios. Dispersions with PEG 4000 were prepared by fusion-cooling and solvent evaporation, whereas dispersions containing PVP K30 were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. These new formulations were characterized in the liquid state by phase solubility studies and in the solid state by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The aqueous solubility of Lovastatin was favored by the presence of both polymers. The negative values of the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of transfer explained the spontaneous transfer from pure water to the aqueous polymer environment. Solid-state characterization indicated Lovastatin was present as amorphous material and entrapped in polymer matrix. In contrast to the very slow dissolution rate of pure Lovastatin, the dispersion of the drug in the polymers considerably enhanced the dissolution rate. This can be attributed to improved wettability and dispersibility, as well as decrease of the crystalline and increase of the amorphous fraction of the drug. Solid dispersion prepared with PVP showed the highest improvement in wettability and dissolution rate of Lovastatin. Even physical mixture of Lovastatin prepared with both polymers also showed better dissolution profile than that of pure Lovastatin. Tablets containing solid dispersion prepared with PEG and PVP showed significant improvement in the release profile of Lovastatin compared with tablets containing Lovastatin without PEG or PVP.     

姜黄素固体分散体的制备和溶出度考察

目的通过姜黄素固体分散体的制备,提高姜黄素的体外溶出度。方法采用溶剂法和熔融法制备固体分散体,考察不同载体的姜黄素固体分散体的性状及体外溶出度实验,筛选并优化处方和工艺。固体分散体的形成通过X-射线衍射及DSC分析证实。结果姜黄素与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone,PVP)-K29/32用溶剂法制备的固体分散体的体外溶出最好,最优处方中姜黄素与PVP-K29/32的质量比为1∶6,最优处方中姜黄素在溶出介质人工胃液中30 min累积溶出质量高达98%。结论制备成姜黄素固体分散体可以显著提高姜黄素的体外溶出度。     

Soluplus®、PVP VA64为载体的氟苯尼考固体分散体的制备及体外评价

目的 采用新型载体材料Soluplus^®和PVP VA64制备氟苯尼考固体分散体,以增加其溶解度及体外溶出度。方法 应用溶解度参数法初步预测药物与载体材料的相容性,进一步采用溶剂蒸发法制备氟苯尼考-Soluplus^®和氟苯尼考-PVP VA64固体分散体,并采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、X-射线粉末衍射法（XPRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）对所得固体分散体进行表征,且与PVP K30进行比较。以溶解度和体外溶出度为评价指标,对不同载体制备的氟苯尼考固体分散体进行比较。结果 DSC、XPRD和FTIR结果表明,不同高分子材料制得的氟苯尼考固体分散体中药物均呈无定型状态;几种载体材料均能增加氟苯尼考的溶解度及溶出速率,增溶效果为PVP VA64>PVP K30>Soluplus^®,其中PVP VA64固体分散体的溶解度增加最为显著,25℃在标准硬水、自来水、纯化水中的溶解度约为原料药的3倍,且自来水中5 min时累积溶出率可达88.23%,为氟苯尼考原料药的20.56倍。结论 采用溶剂蒸发法制备氟苯尼考-PVP VA64固体分散体可以显著提高药物的溶解度及体外溶出度。