血清胱抑素C测定对慢性心力衰竭早期肾功能损害的诊断价值

目的观察慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure,CHF）患者血清胱抑素C（cystatin—C,Cys—C）的浓度变化,探讨其在CHF早期。肾功能损害临床诊断的应用价值。方法应用免疫比浊法检测90例血清Cys—c浓度。其中住院心脏病患者60例,将其分为A、B两组,A组30例为CHF无原发肾脏疾病患者,B组30例为无CHF的心脏病患者;另外30例为正常健康对照组,设为C组。采用透射免疫比浊法测定血清Cys-C浓度,同时检测3组的血清肌酐、尿素氮浓度及左心室射血分数,并进行统计分析。结果3组血清肌酐、尿素氮浓度比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A组左心室射血分数低于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义（40．11％±16．12％vs63．92％±8．24％vs65．87％4-6．32％,P〈0．05）;A组血清Cys—C浓度高于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义[（1．72±0．10）mg／LUS．（1．29±0．21）mg／Lm（0．95±0．22）mg／L,P〈0．051。A组中纽约心脏协会心功能级别较高者,其Cys—C浓度有升高的趋势。结论血清Cys-C浓度是反映CHF患者早期肾脏损害的一项敏感而可靠指标。     

膈肌功能测定及其在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的应用

目的　比较最大跨膈压 (Pdimax)、最大口腔吸气压 (MIP)、最大吸鼻跨膈压 (Pdisniff)和颤搐性跨膈压(Pdi(t)ele)在评价膈肌功能中的差异及其在慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)中的应用。方法　对 13例正常者和 7例轻度与 7例重度COPD病人分别测定Pdimax、MIP、Pdisniff和Pdi(t)ele。结果　 (1)正常对照组的Pdimax、MIP、Pdisniff与轻度COPD组比较差异无显著性 ,与重度COPD组比较差异有显著性 (P 分别为 :<0 0 1、0 0 5和 0 0 5 ) ;而正常对照组Pdi(t)ele均比轻度和重度COPD组的高 (P均 <0 0 1)差异显著。 (2 )Pdi(t)ele的个体内变异性在正常对照组中均比Pdimax、MIP、Pdisniff小 (P分别为 :<0 0 1、0 0 1和 0 0 5 ) ;在COPD组中 ,明显比Pdimax小 (P <0 0 1) ,而与MIP和Pdisniff比较差异没有显著性。 (3)Pdi(t)ele与FEV1具有显著相关性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Pdi(t)ele能更客观、更敏感地反映膈肌功能。     

影响腹膜透析患者残余肾功能下降速率的因素

目的:比较腹膜透析(PD)患者不同基线水平下残余肾功能(RRF)的下降速率,并分析其相关影响因素。方法:选取行PD置管术的201例新患者,根据估算的肾小球滤过率(e GFR)水平将其分为A组[e GFR6ml/(min·1.73m2)]、B组[e GFR 6~10 ml/(min·1.73m2)]、C组[e GFR10 ml/(min·1.73m2)]。至少每6个月对患者进行一次临床随访,评估患者的全身情况及透析状态,并计算36个随访月每组RRF的平均下降速率。结果:A、B、C三组的RRF平均下降速率分别为-0.089 ml/(min·1.73m2·月),-0.152 ml/(min·1.73m2·月),-0.247 ml/(min·1.73m2·月)(P0.001)。多元线性回归显示基线时心胸比(rs=-0.238);三酰甘油(rs=-0.421)、e GFR(rs=-0.557)、血红蛋白(rs=0.216)分别是B、C组r GFR下降速率的独立影响因素(A组没有纳入变量)。在随访末,C组RRF仍然保持最高的水平且RRF消失的百分比在三组中最低(P0.001),且心力衰竭发生的时间较晚。结论:基线时e GFR高的PD患者RRF下降速率快,但其随访末在3组中仍然保持最高的RRF水平及最低的RRF消失百分比。     

Utility of urinary progranulin in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with renal function

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries - Urinary progranulin is an inflammatory marker that may indicate renal damage at an early stage of diabetic nephropathy. To determine...     

不同心功能和肾功能慢性心力衰竭患者血红蛋白浓度的变化

目的探讨不同心功能和肾功能慢性心力衰竭患者血红蛋白浓度的变化。方法选择2009年10月至2010年12月在中国医科大学顺义医院心内科住院治疗的慢性心力衰竭患者490例为研究对象。检测入选对象的血常规、血生化等指标。心功能分级参照纽约心脏协会(NYHA)分级。结果心功能Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者的血红蛋白减低发生率分别为:10%(1/10)、34.4%(86/250)、49.3%(69/140)、55.6%(50/90),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心功能Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者血红蛋白浓度中位数分别为132.5 g/L、128.0 g/L、119.0 g/L、112.0 g/L,不同心功能分级患者间血红蛋白浓度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肾功能正常的慢性心力衰竭患者的血红蛋白减低发生率低于肾功能异常的慢性心力衰竭患者,差异有统计学意义[26.6%(50/188)vs.46.4%(140/302),P<0.05]。Logistic回归分析结果显示肾功能异常(OR=1.544,95%CI:0.971～2.554)、重度心功能不全(OR=8.976,95%CI:1.059～4.075)是慢性心力衰竭患者发生血红蛋白浓度减低的危险因素。结论心功能分级增加及肾功能异常可导致慢性心力衰竭患者发生血红蛋白浓度减低。     

高龄终末期肾衰竭病人不同治疗方式的临床疗效观察

目的 比较高龄(≥80岁)终末期肾衰竭病人采取不同治疗方式的临床疗效,探讨适合高龄终末期肾衰竭病人的治疗方式.方法 收集本院5年间诊治的高龄终末期肾衰竭病人59例,其中18例采取单纯药物治疗,22例行常规血液透析(HD)治疗,19例以保留残余肾功能为目的进行低剂量透析治疗,比较3组间生命体征、血液生化指标、预后等指标的...     

Alcohol abuse: comparison of two methods for assessing its prevalence and associated morbidity in hospitalized patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate two methods for assessing the prevalence of alcohol abuse in hospitalized patients based upon scores on standardized alcoholism screening instruments compared with diagnostic discharge data, and to determine the risk for comorbid conditions in patients who abuse alcohol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 2,534 consecutive patients admitted to five adult inpatient services of an academic center, 1,964 were screened for alcohol abuse using the CAGE and the SMAST. Their discharge diagnoses were obtained and analyzed for the presence of alcohol-related diagnoses and other comorbid conditions. RESULTS: A total of 1.4% of patients had a principal alcohol-related diagnosis (ARD), 6% had a secondary but no principal ARD, and 15% screened positive for alcohol abuse but had no ARD. The overall prevalence of alcohol abuse was 22.4%. Patients with a principal ARD had a higher risk for dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pancreatitis, sequelae of liver disease, and illegal drug abuse. Patients with a secondary ARD were at risk for 19 comorbid conditions, including pancreatitis, injury, pneumonia, COPD, and poly-drug abuse. Patients who screened positive for alcohol abuse but had no ARD were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of hypertension, arrhythmia, breast cancer, or pelvic inflammatory disease. CONCLUSION: Discharge diagnoses alone markedly underestimate the prevalence of alcohol abuse in hospitalized patients. Patients from the three groups are at higher risk for comorbid conditions, and secondary prevention of alcohol abuse can be achieved by routinely screening every patient using recognized alcoholism screening instruments.     

Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in patients with abnormal renal function.

The pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin were determined in patients with abnormal renal function. In individuals with rates of creatinine clearance of greater than 60 ml per min, the half-life (+/- standard deviation) of ticarcillin was 71 +/- 6 min after intravenous administration. In patients with rates of creatinine clearance of 30-60 ml per min, 10-30 ml per min, and less than 10 ml per min, ticarcillin had a half-life of 3.0 +/- 0.6 hr, 8.5 +/- 2.1 hr, and 14.8 +/- 3.7 hr, respectively. Urinary concentrations of ticarcillin after intravenous administration were adequate at all levels of renal function. Ticarcillin was removed by hemodialysis with a reduction in half-life to 3.4 +/- 0.8 hr, but peritoneal dialysis was minimally effective in removing the drug. A program for the use of ticarcillin patients with renal insufficiency was outlined.     

Worsening renal function and prognosis in pulmonary hypertension patients hospitalized for right heart failure

Increased central venous pressures have been associated with the development of worsening renal function (WRF), an important marker of prognosis. We sought to determine the incidence and prognostic significance of WRF in pulmonary hypertension patients (PH) with isolated right HF. A prospective study of PH clinic patients admitted to hospital for right HF. WRF was defined as a rise in creatinine of 26 μmol/L (0.3 mg/dL) within the first 48 hours of admission. A total of 32 patients were enrolled in this study, 67% of patients had moderate-severe chronic kidney disease with an eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min and 34% (n=11) developed WRF during their admission. The mean right atrial pressure was higher in patients with WRF (19 ± 7 mm Hg vs 12 ± 6 mm Hg, P=.05). A total of 36% of patients with WRF died in hospital compared to 5% in the group that did not develop WRF (OR for hospital death 13.3 ± 16, P=.03). The combined endpoint of death or readmission at 6 months was 45% in the WRF group and 43% in the group without WRF (P=.89). Significant renal dysfunction is common in patients with PH and an acute decline in renal function is an important marker of in hospital death and short term mortality in right heart failure.     

410例急性肾衰竭患者临床发病情况分析

目的 探讨综合性医院住院患者急性肾衰竭（ARF）的发病率、病死率、科室分布和预后,为临床早期防治ARF提供理论依据.方法 收集近5年我院各科室住院ARF患者410例,回顾性分析ARF的发病率、病因分布、临床发病特点及其转归.结果 410例患者中,男性275例,女性135例.平均年龄（48.15±18.33）岁,发病率为0.17%,自动出院率为13.4%.≥61岁的患者123例（30.00%）,病死率最高（13.82%）.农村患者249例,占60.73%,夏季发病者占40.73%,自动出院占13.4%,总病死率为9.02%.结论 ARF以中壮年男性多发,肾内科及泌尿外科发病率高.肾实质性疾病及肾后性疾病是ARF的主要病因,泌尿系结石发病率明显高于国内报道,患者多来源于农村,急性肾衰竭发病人数动态变化相对平稳.     

Determinants of renal function in patients with renal artery stenosis

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of renal failure; however, the factors associated with loss of kidney function in patients with RAS are poorly described, as are the predictors of an improvement in kidney function after stenting. One hundred patients at seven centers undergoing renal stenting were randomly assigned to an embolic protection device or double-blind use of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured using the creatinine-derived modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, cystatin C, and iohexol clearance. In univariate and multivariate models, baseline MDRD and cystatin C GFR were associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) (p = 0.01), lesion length (p = 0.01), and percent stenosis (-0.27, p = 0.01). In multivariate models, MDRD-estimated GFR 1 month after stenting was associated with bilateral stenosis (p < 0.05) and lesion length (p < 0.05), whereas with cystatin C the multivariate model included angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (p < 0.05) and minimal luminal diameter (MLD) (p < 0.05). The improvement in GFR from baseline to 1 month, measured as percent change, was related to baseline MDRD (p = 0.009) and cystatin C (p = 0.03) GFR. For MDRD GFR combined treatment with abciximab and Angioguard(?) embolic protection (p = 0.02) remained significant in multivariate analysis as did CHF, which was also significant with cystatin C (p = 0.05). In conclusion, CHF and lesion characteristics (MLD, percent stenosis and lesion length) are determinants of renal function in patients with RAS. In contrast, the acute improvement in renal function after revascularization is most strongly influenced by baseline GFR, and to a lesser degree CHF and combined procedural treatment with abciximab and embolic protection but not lesion characteristics. Clinical Trial Registration - URL:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00234585.     

Relationship between heart failure treatment and development of worsening renal function among hospitalized patients

Background

Among patients who are hospitalized with heart failure (HF), worsening renal function (WRF) is associated with worse outcomes. Whether treatment for HF contributes to WRF is unknown. In this study, we sought to assess whether acute treatment for patients who were hospitalized with HF contributes to WRF.

Methods

Data were collected in a nested case-control study on 382 subjects who were hospitalized with HF (191 patients with WRF, defined as a rise in serum creatinine level >26.5 μmol/L [0.3 mg/dL], and 191 control subjects). The association of medications, fluid intake/output, and weight with WRF was assessed.

Results

Calcium channel blocker (CCB) use and loop diuretic doses were higher in patients on the day before WRF (25% vs 10% for CCB; 199 ± 195 mg vs 143 ± 119 mg for loop diuretics; both P <.05). There were no significant differences in the fluid intake/output or weight changes in the 2 groups. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use was not associated with WRF. Other predictors of WRF included elevated creatinine level at admission, uncontrolled hypertension, and history of HF or diabetes mellitus. Higher hematocrit levels were associated with a lower risk. Vasodilator use was higher among patients on the day before WRF (46% vs 35%, P <.05), but was not an independent predictor in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

Several medical strategies, including the use of CCBs and a higher dose of loop diuretics, but not ACE inhibitors, were associated with a higher risk of WRF. Although assessment of inhospital diuresis was limited, WRF could not be explained by greater fluid loss in these patients. Determining whether these interventions are responsible for WRF or are markers of higher risk requires further investigation.     

Pre- and postoperative evaluation of renal function with five different tests in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Renal function was investigated immediately before and 1 year following parathyroidectomy in 19 patients with moderate hypercalcaemia. On both occasions, all patients underwent five different tests of glomerular and tubular function: plasma creatinine, creatinine clearance, 51Cr-EDTA-clearance, beta 2-microglobulin excretion and the desmopressin test. Glomerular filtration rate, as assessed by plasma creatinine and clearance of both creatinine and 51Cr-EDTA, was normal in most patients, and was little affected by restoration of normocalcaemia. Renal concentrating capacity, as determined by the desmopressin test, was abnormally low in 14 of 19 patients, but increased significantly after surgery. It is concluded that serious renal damage is seldom encountered in present-day HPT patients, but that a treatable decrease in renal concentrating capacity often exists.     

不同方法检测鼠疫动物脏器的研究

应用双重式聚合酶反应（Pla-F1-PCR)、常规细菌培养和反相血凝试验（RIHA），对9只实验感染鼠疫的动物脏器（豚鼠6份，小白鼠3份），在4℃条件下保存不同时间后进行同步检测。结果表明，保存90d和180d后，PCR与RIHA均为阳性，而细菌培养阳性率明显降低，PCR和RIHA法敏感性高于常规培养。提示对鼠疫或疑似鼠疫材料的检测除常规培养外应做PCR和RIHA，以防漏诊。