内蒙古地区汉族成人体型的分析

目的：了解内蒙古地区汉族成年人体型。方法：运用Heath-Carter体型法对内蒙古汉族的体型进行研究。结果：男性平均体型值为3．6-4．8-2．1，属偏内胚层的中胚层体型；女性平均体型值为5．6-4．3-1．6，属偏中胚层的内胚层体型。30岁以前男性体型以均衡的中胚层体型为主。30岁以后转变为偏内胚层的中胚层体型，且随年龄增长变化不大。女性随年龄增长内中因子值增加，外因子值下降，体型愈来愈偏内胚层体型。结论：各年龄段的男女平均体型均有显著性差异。与国内其他5个少数民族的资料相比。除回族差异显著外，其余均不显著。     

山西城市汉族体型特点

目的 研究山西城市汉族体型特点.方法 采用Heath-Carter人体测量法,对山西城市汉族成人20～71岁共303例(男150例,女153例)进行了体型研究.结果 山西城市男性平均体型值为4.9-5.8-1.8,属于偏内胚层的中胚层体型;城市女性平均体型值为6.0-6.0-1.2,属于内胚层-中胚层均衡体型.在13种体型中,男女出现率最高的体型为偏内胚层的中胚层体型、内胚层-中胚层均衡体型、偏中胚层的内胚层体型.与男性体型分布相比较,女性体型分布相对集中.城市男性内因子值在40～49岁组达到最大,中因子值在30～39岁组达到最大,外因子值在20～29岁组最大.随年龄增长,城市女性内因子值、中因子值逐渐增大,均在60岁以上组达到最大,外因子值在20～29岁组最大.山西城市汉族男性与乌孜别克族、鄂温克族、加拿大人、因纽特人体型最为接近,与壮族、仡佬族、侗族、怒族体型相距最远.山西城市汉族女性与乌孜别克族、鄂温克族、蒙古族、因纽特人最为接近,与壮族、仡佬族体型距离最远.结论 山西汉族具有我国北方族群体型的共同特征.     

山东城市汉族体型

目的:研究山东城市汉族体型.方法: 采用Heath-Carter人体测量法对山东省寿光市城市汉族20～80岁成人306人(男150人,女156人)进行了体型评定.结果: 山东汉族城市男性平均体型值为4.5-5 5-1.6,属于偏内胚层的中胚层体型;城市女性平均体型值为5.7-4 8-1.6,属于偏中胚层的内胚层体型.男...     

山西乡村汉族体型特征

目的:研究山西乡村汉族体型特征.方法:采用Heath-Carter人体测量法对山西乡村汉族成人20～72岁共500人(男251人,女249人)进行了体型研究.结果:(1)山西乡村男性平均体型值为4.3-5.1-2.5,属于偏内胚层的中胚层体型;乡村女性平均体型值为5.9-6.0-1.1,属于内胚层-中胚层均衡体型.(2...     

内蒙古兴安盟农村汉族体型

目的:了解内蒙古兴安盟农村汉族成人的体型特点.方法:采用Heath-Carter法对内蒙古兴安盟农村汉族进行体型分析.结果:内蒙古兴安盟汉族农村男性平均体型值为3.9-5.1-2.0,属于偏内胚层的中胚层体型;农村女性平均体型值为5.9-5.4-1.3,属于偏中胚层的内胚层体型;随年龄增长,农村男、女总体上均呈现出内因子和中因子值上升后变化不大,外因子下降后变化不大的趋势.结论:内蒙古兴安盟汉族农村成人体型性别间存在差异;与国内其他族群相比,内蒙古兴安盟地区农村汉族的体型与山东汉族、鄂温克族最接近,其次是内蒙通辽蒙古族及巴盟汉族.     

武警某部582名汉族Heath-Carter体型的研究

目的调查武警部队新兵和老兵体型特点,为我军军人体型研究以及选兵、营养和科学训练提供理论资料。方法 Heath-Carter体型测定法。结果 1新兵（294人）平均体型值为3.08-5.24-4.02,SAM为3.05±4.41;老兵（288人）平均体型值为2.55-5.03-4.19,SAM为3.21±3.67。新兵和老兵体型均属于偏外胚层的中胚层型;2新兵的内因子显著大于老兵（t=6.989,P〈0.01）,体脂百分率高于老兵（t=6.235,P〈0.01）。结论该武警部队男军人体型属于偏外胚层的中胚层型。骨骼肌肉发达,身体线性度较好,脂肪含量较少。老兵的身体脂肪含量少于新兵,老兵体型线性度好于新兵。     

南宁市郊区汉族青少年Heath-Carter法体型分析

目的:探索广西南宁郊区汉族青少年体型特征及其变化规律。方法:用Heath-Carter体型分类法研究广西南宁市郊区7-19岁汉族青少年的体型。结果:(1)内因子值,男生随年龄增长先起伏波动后上升,女生逐步升高,至16岁最高为同龄男性的两倍以上。各年龄组女生内因子值均显著高于同龄男生。中因子值,男生随年龄增长先降后升;女生逐步下降。外因子值,男、女生均随年龄先升后降。(2)男生体型的分布以偏中胚层的外胚层为主。而女生体型7-13岁各组以外胚层为主,14岁以后向内胚层转移。(3)男、女体型同龄组之间差异有显著性。结论:南宁市郊区汉族学生以外因子值占优势的瘦高苗条体型为特点。     

海南琼海城市汉族体型特征

目的:研究海南琼海城市汉族体型.方法:采用Heath-Carter人体测量法对海南省琼海市城市汉族成人20～80岁共310人(男160人,女150人)进行了体型评定.结果:琼海城市汉族男性平均体型值为4.7-5.3-2.0,属偏内胚层的中胚层体型;女性平均体型值为5.8-4.8-1.8,属偏中胚层的内胚层体型.琼海城市汉族成人体型男、女间均存在差异.结论:与国内其他族群相比,琼海城市汉族男、女体型与山东汉族、四川汉族比较接近.     

江苏淮安地区汉族Heath-Carter法体型研究

目的 探讨江苏省淮安市成年人体型特征.方法 应用Heath-Carter人体测量法对该地区汉族成人20-85周岁,总计732人,其中包括城市311人(城市男性157人,城市女性154人)、乡村421人(乡村男性213人,乡村女性208人)进行了体型评定,并将该地区汉族的体型与我国部分省份的群体体型进行比较.结果 1.江苏淮安汉族城市男性和乡村男性平均体型值分别为5.3-5.1-1.5和5.1-5.0-1.8;城市女性和乡村女性平均体型值为6.3-4.6-1.4和6.5-4.7-1.5.2.江苏淮安汉族城市男性和乡村男性的体型都属于内胚层-中胚层均衡体型;城市女性和乡村女性的体型都属于偏中胚层的内胚层体型.3.随着年龄的增长,城市、乡村男性外因子值普遍下降,内因子值和中因子值均先上升后下降;城市、乡村女性内因子值和中因子值上升,外因子值下降.4.江苏淮安汉族成人体型城、乡间差异不显著,性别间差异显著.5.与国内其他汉族族群相比,江苏汉族男、女体型与山东汉族和四川汉族比较接近.6.与国内其他民族相比,江苏淮安汉族男、女平均体型点与蒙古族比较接近,与壮族和仡佬族关系最为疏远,该地区的体型接近于我国北方族群.结论 江苏淮安汉族体型接近我国北方族群.     

辽宁农村汉族成人的Heath-Carter法体型分析

目的 探讨辽宁农村汉族成人的体型特点.方法用Heath-Carter体型法对978名(男488名,女490名)辽宁农村汉族成人进行体型分析.结果探讨辽宁农村汉族成人男性平均体型值为4.5-4.7-1.4,属内胚层-中胚层均衡体型,女性平均体型值为6.0-4.3-0.9,属偏中胚层的内胚层体型.辽宁农村汉族成人体型的性别差异:女性的内因子值占优势,而中、外因子值男性大于女性,男性较女性外因子高、内因子低,因此男性的身体相对瘦高,身材相对修长,女性的皮下脂肪更发达,体态丰满.辽宁农村汉族成人体型与其他群体的比较:辽宁农村汉族男性体型与鄂温克族、回族、墨西哥和美国爱斯基摩人的差异非常显著,与美国东北和中西部人群相接近,女性与回族和墨西哥人的差异非常显著,与印度和蒙古族相接近.结论辽宁农村汉族成人皮下脂肪较厚,骨骼、肌肉系统较发达,身体线性度中等.女性皮下脂肪发达,体态丰满.男性骨骼和肌肉发育良好,体型稍显修长.     

基于欧式几何距离矩阵的辽宁汉族成年女性身体质量指数与面部不对称性关系的分析

目的:通过对正常辽宁汉族成年女性面部不对称性与身体质量指数(BMD关系的分析,研究辽宁汉族成年女性面部不对称性对健康的影响.方法:根据BMI将辽宁汉族成年女性分为偏瘦组、正常组和偏重组.使用VG Studi0 2.2MAX软件对3组MRI扫描数据进行三维坐标测量,使用Geomagic Wrap 12软件对3组辽宁汉族成年女性左右侧面部做不对称性偏差分析,最后对3组辽宁汉族成年女性左右侧面部测量数据做欧式几何距离矩阵分析(EDMA).结果:EDMA分析显示,3组左右侧面部均有形态学差异,形状差异矩阵(FDM)比值(右侧比左侧)小于0.95和大于1.05的部分,偏瘦组有39个占15％,正常组有44个占17％,偏重组有50个占19％.Geomagic Wrap 12不对称性偏差分析结果显示3组面部不对称部位均集中在面部中间1/3位置.结论:辽宁汉族成人女性BMI值越大,面部不对称性越大,从而面临的健康风险越大.     

粤西地区汉族大学生身高与指距的研究

目的 为人类学、法医学及选拔体育人材提供体质学资料。方法 本文采用吴汝康人体测量方法及邵象清人体测量手册的方法，对粤西地区汉族大学生861人（男342人，女519人）身高与指距进行测量分析。结果 粤西地区汉族大学生身高和指距的均值、差值、差值分型、指数等材料相关度较密切，由此推算出回归方程。结论 粤西地区汉族大学生身高、指距测量值及身高指距差的计算和分型均符合国人体型及身高性别差异。     

山东潍坊市汉族城乡学生身体体成分分析

目的 :探讨山东汉族儿童青少年身体体成分现状及变化规律。方法 :对山东省潍坊市城乡汉族学生进行了体格测量 ,并计算出体脂率、总体脂量和瘦体重等身体体成分 ;通过逐步回归对瘦体重及相关指标进行了回归分析。结果 :身体体成分随年龄的增长而增高 ,体成分在大多数年龄组存在性别差异和城乡差异 ;城乡男女生瘦体重与体重、肱三头肌和肩胛下位皮褶厚度之和、身高及上臂围存在回归关系 (F =1 82 90 .0～ 5 81 1 4.5 ,P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论 :瘦体重和皮褶厚度是评价儿童青少年营养状况和诊断肥胖的有效指标     

鄂东地区161名汉族青年手皮纹检查简报

目的探讨人手皮纹学的更多规律和特点。方法对自愿参加手皮纹检查的171名学生进行手皮纹印制油墨图,再对指纹及指皮嵴数、总指嵴数（TRC）、t-三又及t-距比（tPD）、atd角、a-b嵴数、手掌褶类型等进行观察、统计和比较,并结果既往报道不同地区汉族皮纹进行比较。结果①漩涡状和双箕斗嵴线旋转方向以逆时针多见（98．89％,90．38%）;②男女TRC,a-b嵴数,tPD和atd角差异无统计学意义;③食指中弓形纹和桡箕多见,所占比例分别为50．00％和63．27％;④双箕斗以大．拇指所占比例高,占50．00％;⑤指纹类型左右手完全对称的比例为17．143％;⑥鄂东地区与冀南地区指纹构成比,各指纹分布规律差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,仅手掌褶类型差异有非常显著意义（P〈0．01）;⑦比较了鄂东与宁夏TRC,差异无统计学意义,但标准差相差很大。结论手皮纹在更细致的观察和同类研究中发现一些有意义的规律和特点。     

云南汉族2型糖尿病与HLA-DQA1基因的关联研究

目的　探讨云南汉族 2型糖尿病及 2型糖尿病肾病与 HL A- DQA1基因的关联性。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 -序列特异性引物技术对云南汉族 10 8例 2型糖尿病患者及 5 6名同地区同民族健康对照人群进行 DQA1基因分型。结果　云南汉族 2型糖尿病患者与正常对照组比较 ,DQA1* 0 30 1( RR=3.0 92 ,P<0 .0 1) ,DQA1* 0 5 0 1( RR=3.2 5 7,P<0 .0 5 )等位基因频率明显增高 ,DQA1* 0 4 0 1( RR=0 .371,P<0 .0 1)等位基因频率显著下降。糖尿病合并肾病组与正常对照组及不合并肾病的 2型糖尿病组比较 ,糖尿病合并肾病患者 HL A- DQA1* 0 30 2等位基因频率显著升高 ( RR=3.35 6 ,P<0 .0 1) ,各期糖尿病肾病比较中 DQA1* 0 30 2频率差异无显著性 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 HL A- DQA1* 0 30 1,DQA1* 0 5 0 1是云南汉族 2型糖尿病的易感基因 ,HL A- DQA1* 0 4 0 1是云南汉族 2型糖尿病的抵抗基因 ;HL A- DQA1*0 30 2是 2型糖尿病合并肾病的易感基因     

Secular trends of height,weight and BMI in young adult Brazilian military students in the 20th century

Abstract

Background: Secular trends of increasing weight and height over past centuries are well documented in developed countries. However, these data are still scarce in developing countries such as Brazil.

Aim: To verify the secular trends of height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of military students from Brazilian Army schools who were born between the 1920s and 1990s.

Sample and methods: A retrospective study was performed, which included a survey of data from the files of two Army schools. The sample was composed of subjects aged between 18–20 years old.

Results: The study analysed 2169 heights and 1741 weights and BMIs. During the evaluation period, height increased 7.3?cm, weight 9.8?kg and BMI 1.8?kg/m². The most significant gains were observed in subjects born from the 1920s to the 1940s and the 1960s to the 1970s.

Conclusion: Secular trends of growth in military students born in the 20th century were positive in Brazil, although increases were not constant decade-by-decade.     

Web-Based Self-Reported Height,Weight, and Body Mass Index Among Swedish Adolescents: A Validation Study

BackgroundWeb-collected height and weight are increasingly used in epidemiological studies; however, the validity has rarely been evaluated.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to validate self-reported height, weight, and corresponding body mass index (BMI) among Swedish adolescents aged approximately 16 years. A secondary aim was to investigate possible prediction factors for validity of self-reported BMI.MethodsThe study included 1698 adolescents from the population-based cohort BAMSE. Height and weight were collected through a Web-based questionnaire and subsequently measured using standard procedures. Differences between reported and measured height, weight, and corresponding BMI were compared by t tests and agreement was evaluated by Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman plots. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to investigate whether lifestyle and demographic factors predicted validity of self-reported BMI.ResultsOn average, weight was underestimated by 1.1 kg and height was overestimated by 0.5 cm, leading to an underestimation of BMI by 0.5 kg/m2. Correlation coefficients were .98 for height, .97 for weight, and .94 for BMI, and highly significant. Females underestimated weight to a higher extent than males and overweight and obese participants underestimated weight to a higher extent than normal-weight participants, which resulted in higher underestimation of BMI. Underweight participants, on the contrary, overestimated weight and correspondingly BMI. Overall, a high proportion of participants were classified into the correct BMI category; however, among overweight and obese participants, only 60.2% (139/231) and 46% (20/44) were correctly classified, respectively. In the multivariable prediction model, only gender and BMI status significantly predicted discrepancy between reported and measured BMI.ConclusionsWeb-collected BMI may be used as a valid, quick, and cost-effective alternative to measured BMI among Swedish adolescents. The accuracy of self-reported BMI declines with increasing BMI and self-reported BMI should not be used to estimate the prevalence of overweight or obesity.     

Hand-grip strength of young men,women and highly trained female athletes

Hand-grip strength has been identified as one limiting factor for manual lifting and carrying loads. To obtain epidemiologically relevant hand-grip strength data for pre-employment screening, we determined maximal isometric hand-grip strength in 1,654 healthy men and 533 healthy women aged 20–25 years. Moreover, to assess the potential margins for improvement in hand-grip strength of women by training, we studied 60 highly trained elite female athletes from sports known to require high hand-grip forces (judo, handball). Maximal isometric hand-grip force was recorded over 15 s using a handheld hand-grip ergometer. Biometric parameters included lean body mass (LBM) and hand dimensions. Mean maximal hand-grip strength showed the expected clear difference between men (541 N) and women (329 N). Less expected was the gender related distribution of hand-grip strength: 90% of females produced less force than 95% of males. Though female athletes were significantly stronger (444 N) than their untrained female counterparts, this value corresponded to only the 25th percentile of the male subjects. Hand-grip strength was linearly correlated with LBM. Furthermore, both relative hand-grip strength parameters (F _max/body weight and F _max/LBM) did not show any correlation to hand dimensions. The present findings show that the differences in hand-grip strength of men and women are larger than previously reported. An appreciable difference still remains when using lean body mass as reference. The results of female national elite athletes even indicate that the strength level attainable by extremely high training will rarely surpass the 50th percentile of untrained or not specifically trained men.     

广西百色市苗族中小学生足长与身高、体质量的相关性

目的:研究广西百色市苗族中小学生足长与身高、体质量的关系,为生长(年龄)解剖学、法医学和人类学提供参考数据.方法:对广西百色市苗族中小学生1 523人(男930人,女593人)6～16岁足长、身高与体质量进行测量分析.结果:比较男女不同年龄组苗族中小学生足长、身高、体质量的均值,性别差异有统计学意义.男女各年龄组足长与身高、足长与体质量呈正相关关系,并求出足长与身高、足长与体质量的回归方程.结论:广西百色市苗族中小学生可通过足长推算身高、足长推算体质量.