TURP加膀胱颈U型切开预防术后膀胱出口梗阻疗效观察

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)加膀胱颈U型切开预防术后膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的可行性和有效性.方法自1998年6月～2005年2月,经尿道前列腺切除加膀胱颈部环状纤维U型切开(TURP加U型切开)治疗前列腺增生(BPH)患者110例.单纯经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)治疗BPH患者121例.两组患者年龄、病程、前列腺切除重量均无明显差异.结果两组病例术后无大出血及其它严重并发症.术后随访8～48个月,TURP加U型切开组的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前26.6±5.2降至术后5.6±2.9,生活质量评分(QLS)由术前4.2至术后1.8;TURP组的IPSS由术前26.1±4.2降至术后14.6±2.3,QLS由术前4.2降至术后2.9.TURP加U型切开组无一例术后出现BOO,TURP组6例术后出现BOO,均为膀胱颈部狭窄所致,经加用膀胱颈部环状纤维U型切开后,排尿障碍症状消失.结论TURP加U型切开可有效地预防TURP术后BOO.     

小体积前列腺增生术后膀胱颈梗阻术式分析

目的:比较经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)与TURP加经尿道膀胱颈切开(TUIBN)治疗小体积前列腺增生所致膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法:经尿道治疗小体积前列腺增生引起膀胱颈梗阻患者47 例,22 例行单纯TURP,25例行TURP加TUIBN,通过国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(MFR) 及剩余尿量(PRV)三方面比较两组的疗效。结果:单纯TURP组的IPSS由术前(21.8±4.5)分降至术后(12.1±2.3)分,MFR由术前(8.2±3.3) ml/s升至术后(11.8±4.0) ml/s,PRV由术前(110.3±41.0) ml降至术后(25.3±13.0)ml;TURP加TUIBN组IPSS由术前(23.6±5.6)分降至术后(6.6±2.2)分,MFR由术前(8.7±3.1) ml/ s升至术后(20.7±6.7) ml/s,PRV由术前(98.3±38.0) ml降至术后(10.3±8.0) ml;两组术后IPSS和MFR、PRV比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),TURP加TUIBN疗效更佳。结论:TURP加TUIBN治疗小体积前列腺增生术后膀胱颈梗阻的疗效更为理想。     

经尿道手术治疗小体积前列腺增生术式比较

目的:探讨经尿道手术治疗小体积良性前列腺增生(BPH)的手术方式,以提高手术疗效。方法:总结经尿道手术治疗小体积BPH52例的临床资料,12例单纯经尿道前列腺电切(TURP),18例TURP加经尿道膀胱颈切开术(TUIBN),22例TURP加经尿道膀胱颈电切术(TURBN)。以国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿(PVR)对3组不同手术方式的疗效进行比较分析。结果:单纯TURP组:术后有3例并发膀胱颈孪缩,术后IPSS为(12.2±3.2)分,Qmax为(11.7±2.6)ml/s,PVR为(27.6±13.0)ml。TURP+TUIBN组:术后1例并发膀胱颈挛缩,术后IPSS为(8.6±3.2)分,Qmax为(16.7±3.0)ml/s,PVR为(20.0±8.0)ml。TURP+TURBN组:术后IPSS为(6.2±3.0)分,Qmax为(22.7±3.1)ml/s,PVR为(8.0±4.0)ml。3种术式比较,术前IP-SS、Qmax、PVR各组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),而术后IPSS、Qmax、PVR各组间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。TURP+TUIBN疗效优于单纯TURP,TURP+TURBN疗效最佳。结论:经尿道手术治疗小体积BPH,TURP+TURBN疗效比TURP+TUIBN疗效更确切,应作为首选术式。手术的关键是既要切除增生的腺体,也要彻底切除膀胱颈部的病变组织。     

前列腺增生伴逼尿肌无力患者的电切术治疗

目的 :探讨良性前列腺增生 (BPH)伴有逼尿肌无力 (ACD)患者的治疗方法和效果。方法 :对尿动力学检查确认有ACD的 12例BPH并发膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO)的患者 (A组 )进行经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)或加膀胱颈内切开术 (TUIBN) ,同时与逼尿肌功能正常或高于正常的行TURP的BPH患者 2 4例 (B组 )进行对照分析。结果 :A组术后 7～ 30d复查 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)为 12 .5 8± 0 .70分 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,最大尿流率 (Qmax)为11.0 5± 0 .85ml/s (P <0 .0 5 ) ,均比术前有改善 ,但术后效果不如B组明显 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后 3、6个月复查IPSS及Qmax,两组略有改变 ,但差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,剩余尿测定也均在正常范围。术后 3个月对ACD的 5例复查逼尿肌收缩力 ,无明显改善。结论 :对ACD并伴有BOO的BPH患者可以采取电切术治疗     

经尿道电切术治疗重度前列腺增生症

目的 :探讨重度前列腺增生症经尿道电切治疗效果。方法 :采用经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)治疗重度 BPH 70例 ,随访 3～ 18个月。结果 :切除前列腺重量平均 74.6 g,平均手术时间 70 min。术后平均留置导尿管 3 d,术后平均住院时间 5 d。最大尿流率 (Qmax)由术前的 (6 .3± 1.5 ) ml/ s上升至术后 3个月的 (15 .1± 4.7)m l/ s,前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)术前为 (2 9.7± 1.2 )分 ,术后 3个月降至 (5 .1± 1.0 )分 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :TURP安全、并发症少、疗效好。重度 BPH不是 TU RP的禁忌证。     

慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺电切术后下尿路症状及膀胱颈挛缩发生的临床研究

目的探讨比较良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者与BPH合并慢性前列腺炎(CP)患者经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后,下尿路症状(LUTS)的变化及膀胱颈挛缩(BNC)的发生情况。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年6月我院行TURP术后病理证实为BPH的患者198例,分为A组:单纯BPH组(78例)和B组:BPH合并CP组(120例),比较两组术前和术后3个月IPSS评分以及术后6个月BNC发生情况。结果手术治疗后各组IPSS评分均较术前明显降低(P值均0.001)。术前A组与B组IPSS评分分别为(20.3±5.1)分和(26.9±4.3)分,术后两组IPSS评分分别为(5.6±2.2)分和(12.1±3.5)分,差异均具统计学意义(P0.05)。BPH合并CP组膀胱颈挛缩发生率显著高于单纯BPH组(6.67%vs 3.85%,P0.05)。结论 BPH合并CP患者TURP术前、术后的LUTS均高于单纯BPH患者,BPH合并CP是TURP术后膀胱颈挛缩发生的危险因素。     

小体积良性前列腺增生引起膀胱出口梗阻的手术治疗

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)+膀胱颈切开术(TUIBN)治疗小体积良性前列腺增生(BPH)引起的膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析小体积BPH(30 g)56例患者的临床资料,年龄45~71岁,平均59.6岁。临床表现为不同程度的排尿困难,20例既往有慢性前列腺炎史。术前评估包括:国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、B超、尿动力学检查和尿道膀胱镜检查。术前均行α受体阻滞剂治疗3~6个月,无明显效果而行TURP+TUIBN。结果:全部患者术后随访12~24个月。2例(3.57%)于术后1个月出现尿道狭窄,予定期尿道扩张后症状改善;1例(1.79%)于术后3个月出现膀胱颈挛缩,再次行TUIBN症状改善。术后12个月行IPSS评分、尿动力学检查与术前进行比较。术后IPSS评分显著低于术前(12.76±2.37 vs25.54±2.33,P0.01);最大尿流率(Qmax)明显高于术前[(15.83±1.47)ml/s vs(8.47±0.96)ml/s),P0.01];膀胱残余尿较术前明显减少[(31.02±9.75)ml vs(68.07±17.09)ml,P0.01]。结论:TURP+TUIBN治疗小体积BPH引起的BOO效果显著,优于单纯TURP或TUIBN,手术安全,是治疗小体积BPH引起BOO的较理想术式。     

敞开腺窝的耻骨上前列腺摘除术治疗小前列腺增生

目的:探讨敞开腺窝的耻骨上前列腺摘除术(TVP)治疗小前列腺增生(BPH)的效果。方法:采用敞开腺窝的TVP手术方法治疗小BPH56例。比较手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、剩余尿(PVR)3项指标的变化。结果:56例术后排尿正常,无膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)、尿失禁发生。42例随访3～22个月,平均18个月。IPSS由术前(31.0±2.3)分降至术后(7.5±2.0)分;QOL由术前(4.5±0.4)分降至术后(1.5±0.5)分;PVR由术前(230.0±30.0)ml到术后消失。手术前后3项指标差别均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:敞开腺窝的TVP是治疗小BPH的有效术式之一。     

前列腺电切加膀胱颈内切开治疗小前列腺增生

目的 探讨小体积良性前列腺增生治疗方法的选择。方法 回顾性分析45例小体积良性前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺电切加膀胱颈内切开术治疗的临床资料。结果 术前IPSS评分23.3±4.8,Qmax(8.1±2.8)ml/s。术后IPSS6.9±3.5,Qmax(19.5±4.6)ml/s,无电切综合症发生。结论 小体积良性前列腺增生患者单纯TURP术、经尿道前列腺切开术或开放手术,术后膀胱颈挛缩发生率高,TURP加膀胱颈内切开是理想的选择。     

等离子电切与TURP手术优缺点之比较

目的 了解经尿道等离子前列腺电切(PKRP)与经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)手术主要优缺点.方法 分别对近3年来76例PKRP、98例TURP进行回顾性比较.结果 等离子组手术时间(80.60±22.00)min,平均出血(50.00±15.00)ml,输血占1.78%(1/56).Qmax由术前(7.48±4.60)ml/s升至(12.375±5.25)ml/s,IPSS由术前(21.75±4.98)分降至术后(13.05±5.50)分,RUV(残余尿)由术前(88.25±52.00)ml降至(12.38±15.00)ml;TURP组手术时间(48.10±23.40)min,平均出血(134.2±90.6)ml,输血占3.8%(3/78).Qmax由术前(9.30±3.10)ml/s升至(21.40±4.50)ml/s,IPSS由术前(24.00±6.60)分降至术后(9.30±5.60)分,RUV由术前(82.40±29.30)ml降至(32.10±9.70)ml.结论 PKRP与TURP手术效果相近,并发症发生率低于TURP.     

Lipomatosis of the bladder presenting as bladder cancer

A case of bladder lipomatosis in an 81-year-old man is presented. The preoperative diagnosis was bladder tumor. A transurethral resection of the bladder was performed and a pathological examination revealed lipomatosis of the bladder. This entity is extremely rare and, to our knowledge, this is the second case reported in the English published works.     

Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder with bladder stone

Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder is a rare benign mesenchymal tumour. We describe here a case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 65-year-old gentleman who presented with haematuria, passage of clots and combined obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms. The investigations revealed a vesical calculus and a mass on the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. Cystolitholapaxy and transurethral resection of the tumour was performed. Histopathological report of the resected tumour revealed a leiomyoma of the urinary bladder. So far, a leiomyoma of the urinary bladder and a concomitant vesical calculus have not been described in literature.     

Primary bladder closure and bladder neck reconstruction in classical bladder exstrophy

The surgical results of 28 consecutive initial bladder closures and 25 consecutive initial bladder neck reconstructions performed for classical bladder exstrophy at our hospital between 1975 and 1982 are presented. Partial bladder prolapse occurred in 2 cases and complete wound dehiscence never occurred following the initial primary bladder closure. Urinary continence following bladder neck reconstruction was assessed from parental interviews. An excellent surgical result was defined either as achievement of a daytime dry interval for more than 3 hours or less than 1 incontinent episode per day. According to these parameters, an excellent surgical result was achieved in 86 and 80 per cent of children, respectively. In 21 children evaluated with excretory urograms between 1/2 and 6 years after bladder neck reconstruction 10 per cent of the renal units showed significant hydronephrosis and deterioration of function. The 2 patients who had upper tract deterioration were not followed postoperatively at our institution and the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction was delayed when excretory urograms were not obtained during the first postoperative year. This review of the surgical results following primary bladder closure and bladder neck reconstruction for classical bladder exstrophy demonstrates that secure abdominal wall closure and urinary continence can be achieved with minimal morbidity and with infrequent deterioration of renal function following staged functional bladder closure.     

膀胱癌术后膀胱灌注的应用和探讨

膀胱癌是常见的泌尿系统肿瘤,在西方国家发病率仅次于前列腺癌,其发病率正逐年上升,年新增病例仅美国就超过了60 000例[1],而在我国其发病率和病死率均占泌尿男生殖系统肿瘤的首位,其中有70%～80%为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌[2].膀胱癌有易复发和易进展的特点,复发率高达60%～85%,其中有30%发展为浸润性癌[3].经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)术后有10%～67%的患者会在12个月内复发,术后5年内有24%～84%的患者复发,可能与新发肿瘤、肿瘤细胞种植或原发肿瘤切除不完全有关[4].因此,对膀胱癌患者术后进行合理有效的膀胱灌注不仅是治疗过程中非常重要的环节,可预防肿瘤的复发和进展,避免膀胱全切,降低膀胱肿瘤的死亡率[5],也是预防术后肿瘤复发和进展的主要措施.由此可见,术后膀胱灌注是保留膀胱后必不可少的治疗.     

Novel biomarkers of bladder decompensation after partial bladder obstruction

AIMS: Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) results in marked contractile, biochemical, and histological alterations in the bladder. Our aim was to determine the time course of progressive PBOO in the rabbit and to find parameters that marked the shift to decompensation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four rabbits were subjected to 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of PBOO. Sham operated rabbits served as controls. At each time period, cystometry was performed and individual bladder strips were used for contractility studies. Full-thickness sections of bladder body from each rabbit were fixed in formalin and used to determine the vascular density and nerve density. The balance of the bladder body was separated between muscle and mucosa and was analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. RESULTS: Bladder weight increased progressively and all contractile responses were reduced significantly over the course of obstruction. Markedly increased bladder weight and very large bladder volumes indicated decompensation. Nerve density was marked decreased in decompensated bladders. Similarly, SOD activity in muscle decreased progressively and was markedly lower in decompensated bladders. Although CAT activity of the muscle increased after 2-4 weeks of obstruction, it decreased markedly in decompensated bladders. CONCLUSION: This study shows that prolonged PBOO causes progressive deterioration in the rabbit bladder with decompensation after 8 weeks. Markedly decreased nerve density and severely reduced SOD and CAT activities are associated with the shift from compensated to decompensated function of the bladder. They may be excellent biomarkers of decompensation.