利诺吡啶对豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞和支持细胞钾电流的影响

目的　观察KCNQ家族钾通道特异性阻滞剂利诺吡啶 (linopirdine)对豚鼠耳蜗单离外毛细胞和Deiters细胞 (支持细胞 )总钾电流的影响 ,初步探讨KCNQ家族钾通道在耳蜗外毛细胞和Deiters细胞的分布。方法　运用膜片钳技术 ,在全细胞模式下记录正常细胞外液中 8个外毛细胞和5个Deiters细胞的总钾电流 ,并观察 10 0 μmol/L利诺吡啶对外毛细胞和Deiters细胞总钾电流的影响。结果　在正常细胞外液中 ,单离外毛细胞可记录到四乙基二乙胺敏感的外向性钾电流和静息膜电位附近激活的内向性钾电流 (theK+ currentactivatedatnegativepotential,IKn)两种钾电流 ,而单离Deiters细胞中只记录到外向整流性钾电流。加入 10 0 μmol/L利诺吡啶后 ,外毛细胞中的四乙基二乙胺敏感的钾电流减小 ,IKn被完全抑制 ;而Deiters细胞中的外向整流性钾电流大小无变化。结论KCNQ家族钾通道存在于豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞 ,其介导的钾电流是四乙基二乙胺敏感的钾电流的组成部分 ,并构成全部的IKn;但KCNQ家族钾通道不存在于豚鼠耳蜗Deiters细胞。     

豚鼠耳蜗单离Deiters细胞的钾电流

目的　研究豚鼠耳蜗单离Deiters细胞的钾电流及其特性。方法　运用膜片钳技术 ,在全细胞模式下记录正常细胞外液中钾电流 ,不同K 浓度的细胞外液对细胞反转电位和外向钾电流的影响 ,四氨基吡啶 (4 aminopyridine ,4 AP)和四乙基胺 (tetraethylammonium ,TEA)对钾电流成分的阻滞作用 ,探讨外向钾电流通道的激活和失活动力学。结果　单离Deiters细胞具有电压依赖的外向整流离子选择性通道 ;钾通道阻滞剂 4 AP和TEA可使峰电流和迟电流幅度下降 ,表明存在两种类型的钾通道 ,或者这种通道有两种不同的状态 ;通道的激活和失活符合Boltzmann方程。未记录到Deiters细胞的内向钙电流。结论　Deiters细胞外向整流钾电流的作用可能是缓冲细胞周围间隙钾离子浓度     

豚鼠耳蜗血管纹边缘细胞钾离子通道特性的研究

目的 研究单个豚鼠耳蜗血管纹边缘细胞的基本电生理特性。方法 应用耳蜗血管纹组织块培养技术和全细胞膜片钳技术，观察单个培养的豚鼠血管纹边缘细胞在电压钳模式下的电流特性。结果 边缘细胞上记录到钾离子电流，该钾通道有以下特性：①具有电压依赖性；②通道的活动可被4-氨基吡啶（4-aminopyridine，4-AP）和四乙铵（tetraethylammonium，TEA）在相对高浓度下阻滞；③细胞外钙离子浓度的减少可导致该钾通道电流的降低。结论 豚鼠耳蜗血管纹边缘细胞钾离子通道电流包括钙离子依赖性钾电流、外向延迟整流钾电流和A型钾电流。     

豚鼠耳蜗单离Deiters细胞的钾电流

目的 研究豚鼠耳蜗单离Ｄｅｉｔｅｒｓ细胞的钾电流及其特性。方法 运用膜片钳技术,在全细胞模式下记录正常细胞外液中钾电流,不同Ｋ＾＋浓度的细胞外液对细胞反转电位和外向钾电流的影响,四氨基吡啶（４－ａｍｉｎｏｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｅ,４－ＡＰ）和四乙工胺（ｔｅｔｒａｅｔｈｙｌａｍｍｏｎｉｕｍ,ＴＥＡ）对钾电流成分的阻滞作用,探讨外向钾流通道的激活和失活动力学。结果 单离Ｄｅｉｔｅｒｓ细胞具有电压依赖的外向整流     

听力学

20021291豚鼠耳蜗单离外毛细胞的外向整流钾电流/杨军…//临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志一2002,16(1)一27一30 目的:观察豚鼠耳蜗单离外毛细胞(OHC)的电生理特性,记录不同长度OHC的外向整流钾电流,分析区分外向整流钾电流所包含的通道电流成分,研究外向整流钾电流的动力学特征。方法:采用酶消化法及机械分离OHC。运动全细胞膜片钳技术,在电压钳下记录K 通道电流。结果:OHC的全细胞膜电容为(30.96士2.79)pF(n=29),零电流电位(30士2.1)mV(n=16),反转电位为(一51.67士1.84)mV(n一9)。不同长度OHC的外向整流钾电流存在系统差异,短OHC表现出大的钾…     

利用膜片钳技术对急性分离小鼠螺旋神经节神经元的电生理研究

目的 探讨小鼠螺旋神经节神经元(spiral ganglion neurons，SGN)的电生理特性。方法 应用全细胞电压钳技术对急性酶分离的小鼠耳蜗SGN细胞膜上的离子通道电流进行记录和分析。结果 在SGN细胞膜上记录到对氯化四乙胺、4-氨基吡啶敏感的外向延迟整流钾电流和瞬时钾电流，以及对河豚毒素敏感的内向钠电流。并且离子通道活动具有明显的电压依赖性，在没有记录到钠电流的细胞记录到延迟整流钾电流。结论 急性酶分离的小鼠耳蜗SGN细胞的电生理特性可为听觉传导机制的研究提供了重要的参考，并指导下一步通道药理学的研究。     

利用膜片钳技术对急性分离小鼠螺旋神经节神经元的电生理研究

目的 探讨小鼠螺旋神经节神经元(spiral ganglion neurons SGN)的电生理特性。方法 应用全细胞电压钳技术对急性酶分离的小鼠耳蜗SGN细胞膜上的离子通道电流进行记录和分析。结果 在SGN细胞膜上记录到对氯化四乙胺、4-氨基吡啶敏感的外向延迟整流钾电流和瞬时钾电流,以及对河豚毒素敏感的内向钠电流。并且离子通道活动具有明显的电压依赖性,在没有记录到钠电流的细胞记录到延迟整流钾电流。结论 急性酶分离的小鼠耳蜗SGN细胞的电生理特性可为听觉传导机制的研究提供了重要的参考,并指导下一步通道药理学的研究。     

豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞乙酰胆碱敏感性钾电流特性

目的 研究豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)敏感性钾电流离子特性及其受体的药理学特性.方法 健康豚鼠38只,断头后取出基底膜,经胶原酶Ⅳ消化后获取外毛细胞.采用全细胞记录膜片钳技术检测新鲜单离外毛细胞ACh-敏感性钾电流对细胞外钙依赖性钾电流阻断剂和N型胆碱能受体抑制剂的敏感性.结果 ①细胞外ACh激活一快速去敏感化的外向性钾电流,其平均(-x±s,以下同)反转电位为(-67.3±8.2)mV(n=10);-50 mV钳制电压下,100 μmol/LACh激活电流的幅值为(506.6±186.3)pA(n=9).②ACh-敏感性钾电流对细胞外四乙铵(tetraethylammonium,TEA,10 mmol/L)、蜂毒明肽(apamin,1 μmol/L)敏感,而细胞外的IBTX(iberiotoxin,200 nmol/L)对ACh-敏感性钾电流幅值无抑制作用.③ACh-敏感性钾电流的半数激活浓度(EC50)为(33.5±5.7)μmol/L(n=7).④ACh-敏感性钾电流对细胞外γ-氨基丁酸(gammaaminobutyric acid,GABA)-A受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline)和α9-N型胆碱能受体(α9受体)特异性抑制剂士的宁(strychnine)敏感.士的宁和荷包牡丹碱对ACh-敏感性钾电流的抑制作用具有浓度依赖性,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(22.3±2.6)nmol/L(n=7)和(1.2±0.4)μmol/L(n=6).结论 细胞外ACh激活豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞产生小电导钙依赖性钾电流(SK),此电流可能由α9受体介导.     

豚鼠耳蜗单离外毛细胞的外向整流钾电流

目的 :观察豚鼠耳蜗单离外毛细胞 (OHC)的电生理特性 ,记录不同长度OHC的外向整流钾电流 ,分析区分外向整流钾电流所包含的通道电流成分 ,研究外向整流钾电流的动力学特征。方法 :采用酶消化法及机械分离OHC。运用全细胞膜片钳技术 ,在电压钳下记录K+ 通道电流。结果 :OHC的全细胞膜电容为 (30 .96±2 .79) pF(n =2 9) ,零电流电位 (30± 2 .1)mV(n =16 ) ,反转电位为 (- 5 1.6 7± 1.84 )mV(n =9)。不同长度OHC的外向整流钾电流存在系统差异 ,短OHC表现出大的钾电导 ,长OHC则相反。 10 0 μmol/L的氯化镉 (Cd Cl2 )抑制了OHC外向整流钾电流的最大电流幅度的 6 0 % ,且改变了电流的动力学特征 ,对峰电流的影响明显大于稳态电流 (P<0 .0 1,n =5 ) ;1mmol/L的四氨基吡啶 (4 AP)抑制了最大电流幅度的 4 3% ,没有改变电流的动力学特征。外向整流钾电流的激活符合Boltzmann方程 ,V1/ 2 =(- 11.0 7± 0 .2 6 )mV ,S =(6 .6 2± 1.74 )mV(n=13)。结论 :外向整流钾电流包含有钙离子激活的钾离子电流、外向延迟整流钾电流和A型电流     

维生素C与过氧化氢对老年豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞大电导钙激活钾通道电流的影响

目的研究过氧化氢(H2O2)及维生素C对老年豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞大电导钙激活钾通道(large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels,BKCa channels)电流的影响及其机制。方法采用急性酶分离方法分离25只老年豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞,以膜片钳全细胞记录方式观察BKCa通道电流(5只豚鼠);记录到稳定、正常的BKCa通道电流后,向新鲜分离贴壁外毛细胞的2ml浴槽的浴液中加入H2O2稀释液40μl,使浴液中H2O2浓度为4μmol/L,观察H2O2对BKCa通道电流的影响(5只豚鼠);再分组加入维生素C溶液10、20、40μl(各组5只豚鼠),使浴液中维生素C终浓度分别为25、50、100μg/ml,观察H2O2和维生素C联合作用对BKCa通道电流的影响。结果 1膜片钳全细胞记录模式下,记录到一串幅值较大、快速激活、几乎不失活的电流,激活电压大于-40~-30mV,电流随膜电位的增加而增强,并表现出外向整流的特性;加入BKCa通道特异性阻断剂伊比利亚毒素(iberiotoxin,IbTX)100nmol/L后,通道活动完全阻断,证实为BKCa通道电流。2加入H2O2后,用药3分钟内,当VT为+50mV时,BKCa通道峰值电流密度最大值从22.09±0.27pA/pF升至43.53±1.09pA/pF,增幅97.06%。H2O24μmol/L+25、50、100μg/ml维生素C时,BKCa通道电流表现浓度依赖性抑制,电流幅值和峰值电流密度随着维生素C浓度增加而减小,I-V曲线下降,洗脱后仍不能恢复至加药前正常水平。结论老年豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞存在氧自由基/BKCa途径,而维生素C可减轻氧自由基对外毛细胞BKCa通道的影响。     

乙酰胆碱和三磷酸腺苷介导的豚鼠外毛细胞和Deiters细胞的离子电流

OBJECTIVE: To determine ACh- and ATP-induced currents in isolated outer hair cells of guinea pig cochlea, respectively. METHOD: The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to investigate potential and concentration dependence of ACh- and ATP-induced ion currents. RESULTS: ACh(100 mumol/L) induced an early inward current followed by a late outward current when the cells were voltage-clamped at -70 mV. Only outward current occurred when potential was over -60 mV and its reversal potential was (-80 +/- 5.61) mV(n = 6). When depolarization protocols were applied, amplitude of inward currents activated by ATP(100 mumol/L) decreased and reversed at (3.2 +/- 0.23) mV(n = 8). Ion currents activated by ATP (100 mumol/L) were also recorded from isolated Deiters' cells. CONCLUSION: ACh-induced outward current was carried by K+ and ATP-induced inward current was through non-selective cations channel. Effects of ACh and ATP on OHCs were voltage dependent.     

An M-like potassium current in the guinea pig cochlea

Potassium M currents play a role in stabilizing the resting membrane potential. These currents have previously been identified in several cell types, including sensory receptors. Given that maintaining membrane excitability is important for mechano-electrical transduction in the inner ear, the presence of M currents was investigated in outer hair cells isolated from the guinea pig hearing organ. Using a pulse protocol designed to emphasize M currents with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, voltage- and time-dependent, non-inactivating, low-threshold currents (the hallmarks of M currents) were recorded. These currents were significantly reduced by cadmium chloride. Results from RT-PCR analysis indicated that genes encoding M channel subunits KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 are expressed in the guinea pig cochlea. Our data suggest that guinea pig outer hair cells express an M-like potassium current that, following sound stimulation, may play an important role in returning the membrane potential to resting level and thus regulating outer hair cell synaptic mechanisms.     

川芎嗪拮抗链霉素耳毒性作用及其离子通道机制

目的 研究川芎嗪（tetraethylplyrazine，TMP）拮抗链霉素耳毒性作用及其对耳蜗外毛细胞外向K^＋通道的影响，寻求两者的相关性，旨在探讨川芎嗪拮抗耳中毒作用的离子通道机制。方法 选取豚鼠60只，随机分为6组，即对照组、链霉素组、川芎嗪低浓度组、川芎嗪高浓度组、川芎嗪低浓度＋链霉素组和川芎嗪高浓度＋链霉素组，分别注射生理盐水（2．5ml/kg）、链霉素（450mg／kg）、川芎嗪（12mg／kg）、川芎嗪（60ms／ks）、川芎嗪（12mg／kg）＋链霉素（450mg／kg）、川芎嗪（60mg／kg）＋链霉素（450mg／kg），用药10天后检测各组豚鼠ABR反应阈，并采用全细胞膜片钳技术观察川芎嗪对耳蜗外毛细胞Ca^2＋敏感K^＋电流和延迟外向K^＋电流的影响。结果 结果表明川芎嗪明显降低链霉素所致的豚鼠ABR反应阈升高，提示川芎嗪具有明显的拮抗链霉素耳毒性作用；川芎嗪能明显增大豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞Ca^2＋敏感K^＋电流和延迟外向K^＋电流，并呈浓度依赖关系。结论 川芎嗪可能通过增大K^＋通道电流而发挥其降低链霉素耳毒性作用，推测这是其抗耳毒性作用机制之一。     

Development of outward potassium currents in inner and outer hair cells from the embryonic mouse cochlea

We recorded K(+) currents in inner (IHCs) and outer (OHCs) hair cells from mice at embryonic days 16 and 18 and on the day of birth (PO) to characterize their early physiological differentiation. In both cell types, outward currents increased in size during late embryonic development, in cells situated in both the apical and basal coils of the cochlea. Currents increased up to six-fold, with current density increasing four-fold. Currents in basal cells were generally larger than in the apex, and currents in IHCs were larger than in OHCs at any given stage. In OHCs, they were initially non-inactivating but gained the partial inactivation characteristic of the K(+) current of neonatal mouse cochlear hair cells, I(K,neo), by day 18 in the base and by P0 in the apex. In IHCs, there was little change, other than in amplitude, with partial inactivation already evident in the base by embryonic day 16. These results suggest that changes in the channel complement of OHCs occur within a few days of terminal mitosis, whereas in IHCs any such development would occur earlier. The progressive development of K(+) currents correlates with a developmental delay of around 2 days from the base to the apex of the cochlea.     

High potassium concentrations protect inner and outer hair cells in the newborn rat culture from ischemia-induced damage

Several studies indicate that an increase in the extracellular potassium (K+) concentration is a factor exerting a damaging effect on cochlear hair cells (HCs). The present study was designed to examine the effects of high extracellular K+ concentrations on the HCs under normoxic and ischemic conditions. Organotypic cultures of the organ of Corti of newborn rats were exposed to normoxia and ischemia at K+ concentrations of 5-70 mM in artificial perilymph for 3-4h. The number of IHCs and OHCs in the apical, medial and basal parts of the cochlea were counted 24h later. The work resulted in two main findings: (1) extracellular K+ concentrations of 30-70 mM had no effect on the HCs under normoxic conditions; (2) under ischemic conditions, a clear HC loss, mainly in the medial and basal cochlear parts, was observed at 5 mM K+ as previously reported. In contrast, a high extracellular K+ concentration strongly attenuated the HC loss. This effect nearly completely disappeared by the addition of both eosin, an inhibitor of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA), and linopirdine, an inhibitor of the KCNQ4 channel, indicating that a normal activity of the PMCA and the KCNQ4 channels are key factors for HC survival under ischemia and depolarizing conditions.     

硝普钠对豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞全细胞钙电流作用的实验研究

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects and mechanism of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide, on the calcium currents of isolated outer hair cells (OHCs) from the cochlear of guinea pigs. METHODS: Acute isolated outer hair cells of guinea pigs were performed, and the whole cell patch clamp recording techniques were used. The K+, Na+ ions were excepted to study effects of SNP on the calcium currents of outer hair cells. RESULTS: SNP inhibited the inward calcium currents of OHCs. Under the condition of holding at -60 mV and stimulation voltage as +10 mV, SNP (10 mmol/L) inhibited (61.12 +/- 1.99)% of the whole cell's calcium currents (n = 5). A dose-reaction response was obtained from 5-8 cells. The half inhibiting concentration was 1.9 mmol/L while the maximum inhibiting concentration was 100 mmol/L, but Hill coefficient was 0.98. SNP could selectively block the L-type calcium channels on outer hair cells (n = 6). CONCLUSION: As a donor of nitric oxide, SNP could affect the physiology function of outer hair cells by inhibition of the calcium currents by blocking the L-type calcium channels.     

Voltage-dependent channels in dissociated outer hair cells of the guinea pig

Voltage-dependent channels in outer hair cells (OHCs) dissociated from the guinea pig cochlea were investigated by the use of a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Two types of K⁺ current were recorded from OHCs. One was a slowly inactivating K⁺ current that was activated at a potential more positive than ?30 mV. Another is a K⁺ current that was already activated at resting membrane potential. After suppressing both K⁺ currents, depolarizing voltage steps elicited a slowly inactivating inward current that was dependent on external Ca²⁺ and was indicative of an L-type Ca²⁺ channel in OHCs. Aminoglycoside antibiotics known to be ototoxic selectively inhibited the Ca²⁺ current.