抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为及其风险因素分析

目的:探讨抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为及其风险因素。方法:采用自编的一般情况调查表收集153例抑郁障碍患者一般资料(性别、年龄、受教育年限、病程等);应用NSSI行为问卷对入组者进行评估并将其分为伴与不伴NSSI两组,应用简明国际神经精神访谈中文版(MINI)评估患者是否共病焦虑障碍;分析NSSI行为的风险因素。结果:59例(38. 6%)患者有NSSI行为,归为伴NSSI组;不伴NSSI组(94例)。伴NSSI组女性患者的比率及共病焦虑障碍的比率明显高于不伴NSSI组(P均0. 01),年龄明显低于不伴NSSI组(P 0. 05)。伴NSSI组中,女性患者NSSI行为方式依次为割伤、阻止伤口愈合、刺伤,男性患者依次为割伤、灼烧伤、过度摩擦皮肤;性别间NSSI行为分布比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);共病焦虑障碍患者NSSI方式及频率与非共病焦虑障碍者比较差异具有统计学意义(P均0. 05)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示共病焦虑障碍是抑郁障碍患者NSSI危险因素。结论:抑郁障碍患者中NSSI行为发生率较高,尤其是女性患者;共病焦虑障碍抑郁障碍患者更容易发生NSSI。     

抑郁症伴焦虑症状的影响因素分析

目的探讨抑郁症患者伴焦虑症状的发生情况,并从社会心理因素方面分析抑郁症伴焦虑症状的影响因素。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety rating scale,HAMA)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)、生活事件量表(life event scale,LES)、特质应对方式问卷(trait coping style questionnaire,TCSQ)、社会支持问卷(social support scale,SSS)对729例抑郁症患者进行评估,根据HAMA得分将患者分为不伴焦虑症状组(HAMA7分)和伴焦虑症状组(HAMA14分),比较两组社会心理因素,并分析抑郁症伴焦虑症状的影响因素。结果抑郁症患者中焦虑症状(HAMA14分)的发生率为58.85%(429/729),16.32%(119/729)肯定不伴焦虑症状(HAMA7分)。伴焦虑症状组神经质、精神质、负性生活事件、消极应对方式的得分高于不伴焦虑症状组(P0.001);外倾性的得分低于不伴焦虑症状组(P=0.010)。抑郁程度(OR=9.255,95%CI:4.726~18.127)、神经质(OR=1.595,95%CI:1.197~2.125)、负性生活事件(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.001~1.017)、消极应对方式(OR=1.046,95%CI:1.013~1.080)均是抑郁症患者伴焦虑症状的危险因素(P0.05)。结论抑郁症患者焦虑症状的发生率高。抑郁症状严重、高神经质水平、经历更多负性生活事件、倾向于采用消极应对方式的抑郁症患者更有可能伴焦虑症状。     

单双相抑郁障碍患者应对方式的比较

目的 比较双相抑郁障碍与复发性抑郁障碍患者的应对方式,并评估应对方式与两种疾病的关联.方法 采用横断面的病例对照设计,共入组双相抑郁障碍患者144例,复发性抑郁障碍患者189例,健康对照123例,应用特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)评估被试的应对方式.结果 与对照组比较,两患者组消极应对方式得分较高,积极应对方式得分较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与复发抑郁障碍患者相比,双相抑郁障碍组积极应对方式较高(P<0.01).同种疾病中,非缓解期的患者较缓解期患者消极应对方式得分更高,积极应对方式得分更低.Logistic回归分析结果显示,在控制了年龄和疾病状态的影响后,积极应对方式仍是患双相障碍的危险因素(OR=1.064,95%CI=1.026~1.102),该模型对双相障碍的预测准确率为64.3%.结论 与复发抑郁障碍患者相比,双相抑郁障碍患者多采用较为积极的应对方式;采用较为积极的应对方式的抑郁障碍患者,发展成双相障碍的可能性较大.     

青少年情绪障碍患者非自杀性自残行为及其影响因素分析

目的探讨研究青少年情绪障碍患者非自杀性自残(NSSI)行为及其影响因素。方法选取116例青少年情绪障碍患者作为研究对象,通过NSSI行为问卷表结果将患者分为伴NSSI组(n=80)与不伴NSSI组(n=36),比较两组的人口学和临床资料。结果伴NSSI组在性别、共病抑郁、学习压力、网络成瘾、遭受校园欺凌与不伴NSSI组具有明显差异(P<0.05),而在年龄、年级、病程与不伴NSSI组没有明显差异(P>0.05);伴NSSI组中NSSI行为发生频率较高,女性NSSI行为6次或以上的发生频率为44.44%,明显高于男性的19.23%(P<0.05);Logistic多元回归结果显示性别、共病抑郁、学习压力、网络成瘾、遭受校园欺凌是NSSI的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论青少年情绪障碍患者NSSI行为发生率较高,且女性高于男性,性别、共病抑郁、学习压力、网络成瘾、遭受校园欺凌是NSSI行为的危险因素。     

大学生特质应对方式与抑郁、焦虑的关系

目的探讨大学生特质应对方式与抑郁、焦虑的关系。方法用特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）、状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI）、贝克抑郁测验（BDI）对120名大学生施测。结果消极应对与状态焦虑（r=0.296,P〈0.01）、特质焦虑（r=0.447,P〈0.001）及抑郁（r=0.227,P〈0.05）存在显著的正相关;积极应对与特质焦虑（r=-0.360,P〈0.001）及抑郁（r=0.227,P〈0.05）存在显著的负相关;抑郁与状态焦虑（r=0.447,P〈0.001）及特质焦虑（r=0.574,P〈0.001）之间也存在显著的正相关。特质焦虑能预测抑郁（P〈0.001）;抑郁、消极应对、状态焦虑和积极应对能预测特质焦虑（P〈0.001）;特质焦虑和积极应对能预测状态焦虑（P〈0.001）。结论特质应对方式对状态-特质焦虑和抑郁有影响。     

伴非自杀性自我伤害行为的青少年抑郁障碍患者危险因素分析

目的:探讨青少年抑郁障碍患者发生非自杀性自我伤害(NSSI)行为相关危险因素。方法:回顾性收集269例青少年抑郁障碍患者,将其划分为伴NSSI行为组209例及不伴NSSI行为组60例。收集患者的人口学资料、临床基本信息及儿童抑郁量表(CDI)、儿童青少年多维度焦虑量表(MASC)评分等。筛选出自变量(P<0.05)纳入Logistic回归,分析各自变量与患者NSSI行为的关系。结果:两组年龄、性别、年级、既往疗效、自杀未遂史、伴精神病性症状、CDI评分、MASC评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示性别、自杀未遂史、既往疗效、抑郁严重程度为青少年抑郁障碍患者NSSI行为的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。在预测青少年抑郁障碍NSSI行为方面,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积AUC为0.820,95%CI为0.761～0.879,约登指数为0.48,灵敏度为0.938,特异度为0.542。结论:性别、自杀未遂史、既往疗效、抑郁严重程度为伴NSSI行为青少年抑郁障碍患者的独立危险因素,联合各危险因素建立的模型检验效能良好。     

精神分裂症患者康复期心理状态与耻感、应对方式及社会支持的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者康复期心理状态与耻感、应对方式及社会支持之间的关系,为康复干预方案的制定提供参考.方法 选择2015年1～12月在精神病医院住院治疗的178例恢复期精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,根据卡尔加里精神分裂症抑郁量表(CDSS)评分将其分为抑郁组(54例)和非抑郁组(124例),采用精神病患者病耻感评估量表、应对方式量表和社会支持量表分别对两组患者进行调查,分析其各量表得分差异,以及抑郁评分和各量表得分之间的相关性.结果 抑郁组和非抑郁组患者在年龄、性别比例、病程等一般资料方面比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);抑郁组患者病耻感中社交因子、能力因子评分以总评分均明显高于非抑郁组;积极应对评分明显低于非抑郁组,而消极应对评分明显高于非抑郁组;抑郁组患者社会支持各方面评分以及总分均明显低于非抑郁组患者.相关性分析表明抑郁心理与患者病耻感评分呈正相关(P＜0.05);消极应对与抑郁呈正相关(P＜0.05),积极应对与抑郁呈负相关(P＜0.05);社会支持各方面评分均与抑郁呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者康复期抑郁心理状态与耻感呈正相关,与消极应对方式呈正相关,与社会支持呈负相关.     

青少年抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为的特征及相关因素分析

目的 研究青少年抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为的特征及其相关因素。方法 选取安徽省某精神病专科医院符合《精神疾病诊断手册第五版》中青少年抑郁障碍诊断标准的门诊和住院患者共131例,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表、童年创伤问卷、青少年非自杀性自伤问卷进行评估。结果 1）青少年抑郁障碍患者出现非自杀性自伤（Non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI）行为占总人数69.5%,NSSI行为按频率高低依次为：故意掐伤自己、故意割伤自己（如用刀片、玻璃等）、故意用拳头打击硬物;NSSI行为功能依次为：缓解压力或焦虑的心情、应对悲伤或失望的情绪、有伤害自己的欲望且无法停止;2）伴NSSI组和不伴NSSI组在性别、父母婚姻、抑郁得分、童年期创伤均有统计学差异（P<0.05）;3）青少年抑郁障碍患者NSSI行为与抑郁严重程度、童年期创伤呈显著正相关（r=0.513、r=0.356,P<0.01）;4）抑郁严重程度在童年期创伤与青少年抑郁障碍NSSI行为之间起中介作用。结论 童年期创伤会影响青少年抑郁障碍抑郁严重程度进而增加出现NSSI行为的风险。     

伴混合特征的抑郁障碍患者发生非自杀性自伤的危险因素分析

目的 探讨抑郁障碍伴混合特征（DMX）患者发生非自杀性自伤（NSSI）的危险因素。 方法 选取 2021 年 5 月 4 日至 2022 年 7 月 29 日在首都医科大学附属北京安定医院抑郁症门诊就诊的 100 例 DMX 患者为研究对象，根据自我伤害行为问卷中近 1 年是否发生 NSSI 行为将患者分为 NSSI 组 （n=39）和非 NSSI 组（n=61）。采用 17 项汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、杨 氏躁狂量表（YMRS）和哥伦比亚自杀量表（C-SSRS）4 个他评量表评估患者的抑郁、焦虑、躁狂严重程 度和自杀意念风险等级。采用患者健康问卷抑郁量表（PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）和斯奈 思 - 汉密尔顿快感量表（SHAPS）3 个自评量表评估患者的抑郁、焦虑和快感缺失严重程度。采用多因 素 Logistic 回归模型分析 DMX 患者发生 NSSI 的危险因素。结果 两组患者年龄、居住方式、起病年龄、 HAMD-17 得分、PHQ-9 得分、SHAPS 得分以及自杀意念风险等级比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。 多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示，年龄小（OR=0.900，95%CI=0.829～0.977，P=0.012）、HAMD-17 得分高 （OR=1.361，95%CI=1.013～1.829，P=0.042）、SHAPS 得分高（OR=1.147，95%CI=1.078～1.215，P＜ 0.001） 是 DMX 患者伴 NSSI 的危险因素。结论 年龄小、抑郁程度重、快感缺失程度重是 DMX 患者 NSSI 发生 的危险因素，在临床中应关注伴有此特征的 DMX 患者，尽早干预，以减少 NSSI 的发生。     

伴与不伴精神病性症状青少年重度抑郁发作者抑郁及焦虑症状比较

目的 以重度抑郁发作青少年患者为研究对象,探讨伴与不伴精神病性症状的重度抑郁发作抑郁和焦虑症状的差异。方法 纳入2015年～2021年在深圳市康宁医院住院部就诊、符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》重度抑郁发作诊断标准的青少年176例,采用儿童抑郁量表和儿童青少年多维焦虑量表进行评定。结果 伴有精神病性症状组负性情绪(t=2.039,P=0.043)、低自尊(t=2.050,P=0.042)和躯体症状(t=2.025,P=0.044)的得分均高于不伴精神病性症状组;伴有精神性症状组在负性情绪(χ²=5.550,P=0.018)、低自尊(χ²=7.540,P=0.006)、社会焦虑(χ²=7.424,P=0.006)和焦虑量表总分(χ²=5.043,P=0.025)的得分达到重度程度,相较于不伴精神病性症状组差异具有统计学意义。结论 伴有精神病症状的重度抑郁障碍的青少年相较于不伴精神病性症状的青少年更容易表现负性情绪、低自尊和躯体的症状,并且负性情绪、低自尊、社会焦虑和焦虑症状更为严重。     

Patients with Epilepsy and Psychosis Treated with Vigabatrin

Eight patients with difficult to control epilepsy and an active or a history of psychosis were treated with vigabatrin, and the results of this clinical intervention are described. In five cases there was no untoward deterioration of the mental state, in three cases a change was reversed by judicious adjustment of both the anticonvulsant and psychotropic medications. Recommendations for the use of new anticonvulsants in patients with comorbid psychopathology and epilepsy are given.     

Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with schizophrenia: association with clinical and demographic factors and with mortality

BACKGROUND: Increased rates of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii have been found in individuals with schizophrenia as compared with control groups, but the correlates of Toxoplasma exposure in schizophrenia have not been defined. METHODS: We measured IgG class antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 358 individuals with schizophrenia. We correlated Toxoplasma antibody status with clinical and demographic variables and examined the effect of Toxoplasma seropositivity on mortality in a follow-up period of up to 5 years. RESULTS: Individuals with schizophrenia who had serological evidence of Toxoplasma infection were more likely to be female but did not differ in age, race, total symptom score, or other demographic or clinical characteristics. However, we found that serological evidence of Toxoplasma was associated with a significantly increased risk of dying of natural causes during the follow-up period (Cox proportional hazard ratio of 4.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-17.31, P = .020) adjusted for age, gender, and other clinical and demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Toxoplasma infection may confer an increased risk for mortality from natural causes in schizophrenia. An understanding of the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma infections in individuals with schizophrenia might lead to new approaches to the management of this disorder.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Self-esteem and behavioural adjustment in children with epilepsy and children with diabetes

This paper describes a study to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and behavioural adjustment in two groups of children with chronic illness, one with epilepsy and the other diabetes. A total of 62 children with epilepsy and 91 children with diabetes were recruited from the total population of children aged 8–15 attending the epilepsy and diabetic clinics at a children's hospital over a 12 month period. Self-esteem and behavioural adjustment were assessed with the Harter and Achenbach Questionnaires respectively. The results showed the children with epilepsy were consistently more behaviourally disturbed and had lower self-esteem than children with diabetes. The independent completion of the questionnaires, (the Harter by the child and the Achenbach by the parents) increases the validity of the findings. Long duration of illness was the most consistent illness variable associated with poor behavioural adjustment in the two groups. The cross-sectional design of the study did not make it possible to draw any definite conclusions about the causal or temporal relationship between low self-esteem and behavioural disturbance. Once again, the potential value of prospective studies into the psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness is highlighted.     

Coping with stress by children and adolescents with cancer

Children and adolescents with cancer not only have to cope with everyday stressors and developmental tasks, as do their healthy peers, but also with illness-related stressors. Thus, it can be assumed, that children and adolescents with cancer differ from healthy peers in coping. Stress reactions and adjustment have been investigated in recent studies. In contrast, coping styles have not often been in the focus of research. In this study, the coping of children and adolescents with cancer (n = 60, 8-13 years of age) was compared to the norm, measured by the German Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SVF-KJ; Hampel et al. 2001). The results indicated that the subjects with cancer used more positive and less negative coping strategies when confronted with school-related or social stressors. The results are discussed with respect to the experience with disease-related stress and the possibility of repressive coping.     

Delirium with manic and psychotic features associated with amantadine

While clinicians are familiar with psychosis as a complication in the long-term treatment with amantadine, rapid psychiatric complications are of much less concern. In the case presented, severe decompensation in mental status occurred within 48 h of initiation of standard doses of amantadine hydrochloride. Clinicians should be alert not only for delayed complications but also for early-onset mental decompensation in elderly patients with influenza A treated with amantadine.