替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓导管抽吸对急诊ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI术血运重建的影响

目的探讨替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓导管抽吸对急诊ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者标准经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术血运重建的影响。方法 98例STEMI患者随机分为PCI+血栓抽吸+替罗非班组(A组),PCI+替罗非班组(B组)。观察两组患者血管再通时即刻的血流血管心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMPG)分级、术后2h心电图ST段回落大于50%的发生率、心肌磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、CK-MB峰值时间,术后2h胸痛缓解率再灌注心律失常发生率。结果 A组心肌灌注明显增加,TIMI血流及TMPG血流明显改善,术后2h心电图ST段回落大于50%的发生率、CK-MB峰值、CK-MB峰值时间,术后2h内胸痛缓解率及再灌注心律失常发生率优于对照组。结论血栓抽吸与替罗非班联合治疗可改善急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者冠脉内血栓病变的血栓负荷、冠状动脉血流、心肌灌注,改善患者预后。     

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI术后不同途径应用替罗非班的疗效

目的探讨不同途径应用替罗非班对老年性急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后的近远期疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将该院心内科2012年3月至2013年12月收治的99例老年STEMI患者分为冠脉组(冠脉内应用替罗非班+PCI)(n=50)和静脉组(静脉内应用替罗非班+PCI)(n=49)。两组在急诊确诊后均给予替罗非班静脉应用。行急诊PCI时,治疗组在前向血流恢复后给予冠脉内注射负荷量替罗非班并行PCI术,静脉组直接行PCI术。比较患者手术后梗死相关血管(IRA)的即刻心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验分级(TIMI)、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)、校正的TIMI计帧数(CTFC)、术后2 h ST段回落百分比、左心射血分数(LVEF)、主要心脏不良事件发生率(MACE)的差异。结果两组PCI术前TIMI血流分级分布情况差异不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后,冠脉组TIMI血流分级3级高于静脉组,TIMI血流分级分布显著优于静脉组(P<0.05)。两组PCI前后的TMPG级分布差异均不显著(P>0.05),冠脉组术后2 h ST段完全回落率(CR)高于静脉组,ST段回落分布显著优于静脉组(P<0.05);PCI术前两组的CTFC值比较差异不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后冠脉组比静脉组下降显著(P<0.05)。PCI术后住院期间,两组患者的不良事件发生率、术后血小板(PLT)减少情况比较差异均不显著(P>0.05),PCI术后冠脉组的LVEF值显著优于静脉组(P<0.05)。结论老年性STEMI患者急诊PCI冠脉应用替罗非班对于改善心肌微循环、心功能有较为显著的作用。     

早期应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术后的影响

目的:观察早期应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊PCI术后心肌灌注情况及短期疗效的影响。方法:选择接受急诊PCI的AMI患者113例,随机分为:早期替罗非班组(60例),诊断明确后立即经静脉给予替罗非班负荷剂量10μg/kg继以0.15μg.kg-1.min-1维持泵入48h;常规治疗组(53例),于冠脉造影开始时给予替罗非班,用药方法及剂量同早期替罗非班组。比较PCI术前、术后梗死相关动脉TIMI血流情况,PCI术后TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG),ST段回落情况,术后心功能情况,住院期间主要心脏不良事件发生率。结果:早期替罗非班组术前TIMI血流2级比例明显高于常规治疗组(13.3%比1.9%,P=0.037),术后即刻两组TIMI血流分级无显著性差异(P=0.188);术后早期替罗非班组TMPG 3级比例明显高于常规治疗组(88.3%比73.6%,P=0.034),术后2h心电图ST段回落>50%比例早期替罗非班组亦明显高于常规治疗组(78.3%比60.4%,P=0.038),术后7d两组LVEF水平及住院期间主要心脏不良事件发生率的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:早期应用替罗非班可以改善TIMI血流和术后心肌灌注,并不增加住院期间主要心脏不良事件。     

替罗非班联合急诊冠脉介入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 探讨早期应用替罗非班联合急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的疗效.方法 初发ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)拟行直接PCI术病人131例,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组(n=32),阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(n=99).分析PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、TIMI血流灌注分级(TMPG)分级和ST段回落,评价PCI术后心肌微循环再灌注.观察住院及随防期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及出血等并发症.结果 与阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组相比,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组梗死相关动脉(IRA)狭窄程度较轻[(68.7±11.0)%vs (86.5±7.8)%,P＜0.05].PCI术后TIMI3级血流阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(96.8% vs 78.8%,P＜0.05),TMPG3级阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于B组(62.5% vs 32.3%,P＜0.01).治疗期间轻度血小板减少和出血阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(9.4% vs 1.0%,P＜0.05).随访30 d,两组死亡率无差异,但MACE发生率阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组低于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(6.3% vs 29.3%,P＜0.01),进一步分析严重心绞痛阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组较阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组显著降低(6.3%vs 25.3%,P＜0.05).结论 阿司匹林和氯吡格雷基础上早期应用替罗非班,减少STEMI再灌注后无再流或慢血流的发生,改善心肌微循环再灌注及病人预后.     

血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的疗效观察

目的 观察冠脉内注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者中的疗效。方法 选择2009年~2012年诊断为STEMI接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的240例患者,随机分为直接PCI组、冠脉内注射替罗非班组（替罗非班组）、血栓抽吸组和血栓抽吸联合冠脉内注射替罗非班组（联合治疗组)。观察4组术后冠状动脉TIMI血流分级、心肌染色分级、术后24 h ST段回落>70%比率,术后6个月的主要复合终点事件。结果 与直接PCI组相比,血栓抽吸组、联合治疗组TIMI血流分级增加（P<0.05,P<0.01）;替罗非班组、联合治疗组心肌染色增加(均P<0.05);血栓抽吸组、联合治疗组ST段回落>70%比率增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);替罗非班组不降低患者6个月主要复合终点事件,血栓抽吸组降低患者6个月主要复合终点事件。但是,与替罗非班组或血栓抽吸组相比,联合治疗组在TIMI血流分级、心肌染色分级、术后24 h ST段回落>70%比率、6个月主要复合终点事件均未改善;4组间出血事件无显著差异。结论 血栓抽吸能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌灌注及降低6个月主要复合终点事件。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI术后ST段回落的临床研究

目的：通过观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞（STEMI）直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后,梗塞相关动脉（IRA）达心肌梗塞溶栓（TIMI）血流3级患者心电图ST段回落程度,探讨ST段回落与心肌损伤及心脏收缩功能的关系。方法：选择在发病12h内接受直接PCI治疗后TIMI血流达到3级的STEMI患者115例,PCI术前、术后行心电图检查,观察ST段回落情况,术前、后测定患者肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）及肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）,术后测定左室射血分数（LVEF）;按照ST段回落幅度（∑STR）不同,患者被分为两组：A组：∑STR〈50%,21例,为心肌灌注不良组,B组：∑STD≥50%,94例,为心肌灌注良好组;分析两组患者ST段回落程度与CK、CK-MB、cTnT及LVEF的关系。结果：（1）两组患者IRA部位、病变血管支数,PCI治疗前TIMI血流分级、cTnT水平,发病到PCI时间等差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）;（2）两组患者术前、后CK、CK-MB水平差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;（3）术后A组cTnT水平明显高于B组[（1.30±0.43）μg/L∶（1.0±0.45）μg/L,P〈0.05];（4）术后A组LVEF明显低于B组[（44.13±4.83）%∶（47.93±5.23）%,P〈0.05]。结论：急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞直接PCI术后,TIMI血流达到3级,ST段回落良好的患者,心肌组织水平灌注程度较好,心肌损伤程度轻,左心收缩功能较好。     

急诊PCI治疗中应用血栓抽吸联合冠脉内IRA给予替罗非班对急性心肌梗死无复流的影响

目的评价急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用血栓抽吸联合冠脉内梗死相关动脉(IRA)给予替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)无复流的影响、疗效及安全性。方法 80例急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死IRA TIMI≤1级行PCI的患者分为2组,常规均静脉使用替罗非班,其中实验组40例支架置入前行血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉IRA处推注替罗非班,对照组40例直接PCI治疗,2组均成功置入支架。比较2组术后TIMI血流分级、心电图ST段回落、左室射血分数值、左室舒张末内径及住院期间主要心血管不良事件和出血并发症等。结果实验组TIMI血流3级、心电图ST段完全回落数及左室射血分数值均高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组IRA无复流、左室舒张末内径低于对照组(P<0.05);2组住院期间主要心血管不良事件比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论 AMI急诊行PCI血栓抽吸联合冠脉内IRA处给替罗非班可以改善冠状动脉血流和梗死区域的心肌再灌注,近期可以改善心室功能,减少重构,是安全有效的。     

冠脉内注射尿激酶原对AMI患者急诊PCI术后心肌微循环的影响

目的:探讨冠脉内注射重组人尿激酶原(rhPro-UK)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心肌微循环的影响。方法:2016年7月~2017年12月我院的90例行PCI治疗的AMI患者被随机均分为PCI对照组(单纯急诊PCI)和联合治疗组(先冠脉内注射rhPro-UK,再行急诊PCI)。比较两组PCI术后即刻TIMI血流分级、校正的TIMI血流帧数(CTFC)、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG),及PCI术前、24h后外周血肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平,并记录两组30d内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及出血事件发生情况。结果:术后即刻,与PCI对照组比较,联合治疗组TIMI 3级比例(75.56%比91.11%)、TMPG 3级比例(71.11%比93.33%)均显著升高,CTFC[(30.62±4.94)帧比(24.84±5.29)帧]显著降低,P<0.05或<0.01。两组术后24h外周血CK-MB、cTnI水平均显著升高;与PCI对照组比较,联合治疗组术后24h CK-MB[(34.26±5.64)ng/ml比(29.68±4.49)ng/ml]、cTnI[(9.85±2.36)ng/ml比(8.25±2.13)ng/ml]水平显著降低,P均=0.001。联合治疗组30d内MACE发生率显著低于PCI对照组(15.56%比35.56%),P=0.030;两组30d内出血事件发生率无显著差异,P=0.535。结论:冠脉内注射尿激酶原能够显著改善AMI患者急诊PCI术后心肌微循环灌注,减轻心肌损伤,降低30d内MACE发生率,且不显著增加出血风险。     

替罗非班和硝普钠冠脉内注射辅助血栓抽吸用于急性心肌梗死患者PCI的价值

目的:探讨替罗非班和硝普钠冠脉内注射辅助血栓抽吸用于重度血栓负荷前壁急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI的价值。方法:选择我院92例重度血栓负荷前壁急性心肌梗死患者,随机均分为替罗非班组(替罗非班冠脉内注射)和联合治疗组(替罗非班联合硝普钠冠脉内注射),各46例,均辅助血栓抽吸。对比两组术前、术后7d梗死相关动脉(IRA)血流心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级,心肌损伤标志物、心功能、心电图ST段回落变化及1个月内心血管事件、出血事件发生率。结果:与术前比较,术后7d两组肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平均明显升高,左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)明显增加,LVEF明显下降(P均0.01);但术后两组上述指标比较无显著差异(P均0.05)。与替罗非班组比较,联合治疗组术后IRA血流TIMI 3级(63.04%比86.96%)及TMP 3级比例(52.17%比76.09%)、ST段完全回落率(45.65%比71.74%)明显提高(P0.05或0.01)。两组出血事件、心血管事件发生率比较无显著差异(P均0.05)。结论:替罗非班联合硝普钠与单纯替罗非班冠脉内注射辅助血栓抽吸用于重度血栓负荷前壁急性心肌梗死急诊患者PCI在减轻心肌损伤及改善心功能方面效果相当,但前者可改善心肌再灌注状态,降低慢血流或无复流发生率,提高心电图ST段完全回落率。     

预防性冠脉内应用山莨菪碱对STEMI患者直接PCI术后心功能的影响

目的探究分析预防性冠脉内应用山莨菪碱对STEMI患者直接PCI术后心功能的影响。方法选取2013年10月~2015年10月我院收治的初发并行急诊PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者102例作为研究对象,将其随机分为试验组与对照组,各51例。两组患者均于PCI术前静脉滴注替罗非班,试验组患者在此基础上于PCI术前预防性冠脉内应用山莨菪碱,对照组患者则行等剂量生理盐水注射。比较两组患者术后TIMI血流分级、校正TIMI血流计帧数(LTFL)、ST段回落情况、CK-MB峰值及IRA无复流情况,同时比较患者住院期间主要不良心血管事件发生情况。结果试验组患者PCI术后IRA分布(3.92%)及CK-MB峰值(187±62)明显低于对照组(19.61%;288±115),其TIMIⅢ级血流比例(100.0%)、校正TIMI帧数(27±3)及ST段回落50%比例(94.12%)明显优于对照组(84.31%、22±1、76.47%),且其术后死亡、再梗死、再次靶血管重建等主要不良心血管事件发生率(1.96%、7.84%、5.88%)明显低于对照组(17.65%、29.41%、23.53%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论预防性冠脉内应用山莨菪碱可有效改善STEMI患者的冠脉微循环及心肌灌注,降低不良心血管事件发生率,可在一定程度上减少直接PCI术后心肌梗死面积,对改善心功能有积极意义。     

冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米对急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后冠状动脉灌注、心肌灌注和临床预后的影响

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）时冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米对冠状动脉灌注、心肌灌注及临床预后的影响。方法本研究为前瞻性、随机、双盲、对照性临床研究。连续性入选99例STEMI拟行急诊PCI的患者,随机分为维拉帕米组与对照组。在支架释放后即刻,维拉帕米组在靶血管内注入维拉帕米200μg,对照组在靶血管内注入肝素生理盐水,比较两组PCI术前、术后和冠状动脉内注药后的冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注的差别。冠状动脉灌注以心外膜TIMI血流（TFG）和校正的TIMI血流帧数计数（CTFC）来评价。心肌灌注以TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）和心肌灌注显影（MBG）来评价。并比较两组在PCI术后1周心脏彩色超声结果、住院期间以及随访期间主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率上的差别。结果最终91例患者有完整资料,其中维拉帕米组47例,对照组44例,两组临床基本特征和造影特征相仿。维拉帕米组和对照组在术前和支架释放后即刻冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注各指标差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。冠状动脉内注入维拉帕米后,维拉帕米组的CTFC、TFG、MBG、TMPG均较对照组有显著改善,分别为CTFC：27.1±14.2比39.0±23.8,P=0.011;TFG≥2级：100%比90.9%,P=0.035;MBG≥2级：91.5%%比75.5%,P=0.034;TMPG≥2级：89.4%比72.7%,P=0.042。维拉帕米组和对照组PCI术后1周时左室射血分数（63.4%±8.2%比63.5%±10.3%,P=0.578）、院内MACE发生率（4.3%比9.1%,P=0.613）和3个月MACE发生率（23.9%比22.7%,P=0.894）差异均无统计学意义。结论STEMI患者急诊行PCI治疗时,冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米可显著改善冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注水平,但未观察到其对急诊PCI术后心室重构和短期临床预后的显著影响。     

Effects of direct stenting on epicardial and myocardial perfusion in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Results of studies comparing direct stenting (DS) with conventional stenting (CS) after balloon predilatation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) have been reported in the past, however they are conflicting. There are only few randomised studies that aim to answer whether DS improves epicardial and myocardial patency. AIM: To assess the effects of DS on epicardial and myocardial patency in patients with acute MI. METHODS: Consecutive patients with acute MI were randomised either to DS or CS strategy. Clinical exclusion criteria were as follows: clinical and electrocardiographic features of reperfusion, pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock, contradictions to coronarography, allergy to aspirin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, heparin and stainless steel. Angiographic exclusion criteria were as follows: lesion <50% with correct patency in the infarct-related artery (IRA), lesion in the left main coronary artery, previously performed percutaneous coronary intervention in the target vessel, diameter of the IRA <2 mm or >4 mm. We assessed epicardial patency according to the TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) scale and myocardial patency according to the TMPG (TIMI myocardial perfusion grade) scale. In addition, we analysed ST segment resolution in 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG). The ECG was performed before and 30 minutes after PCI. RESULTS: We analysed 300 consecutive patients with acute ST segment elevation MI. After exclusion of patients not suitable for the study design, the DS group comprised 110 patients and the CS group - 107 patients. Clinical and angiographic results were similar in both groups. Initial TIMI 0 (48.2% vs. 43.0%), initial TIMI 3 (31.8% vs. 28.0%), initial TMPG 0-1 (77.3% vs. 78.5%), final TIMI 3 (95.5% vs. 93.5%) and final TMPG 2-3 (68.2% vs. 60.8%) were similar in the DS and CS groups, respectively (p=NS). The incidence of no-reflow phenomenon was comparable in both groups (4.5% vs. 6.5%, NS). The inclusive rate of no-reflow phenomenon plus worsening patency in the IRA were 6.4% vs. 10.3% in the DS and CS groups respectively. The ST segment resolution > or = 50% was 58.1% in the DS group and 56.1% in the CS group (NS). CONCLUSIONS: Direct stenting does not significantly improve epicardial and myocardial patency in an unselected group of patients with acute ST segment elevation MI.     

Angiographic perfusion score: an angiographic variable that integrates both epicardial and tissue level perfusion before and after facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction

Background

Both epicardial and myocardial perfusion have been associated with clinical outcomes in the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and the performance of adjunctive/rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may further improve clinical outcomes after fibrinolytic administration.

Methods

The goal was to develop a simple, broadly applicable angiographic metric that takes into account indices of epicardial and myocardial perfusion both before and after PCI to arrive at a single perfusion grade in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization after fibrinolysis. The angiographic perfusion score (APS) is the sum of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade (TFG; 0-3) added to the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG; 0-3) before and after PCI (total possible grade, 0-12). Failed perfusion was defined as an APS of 0 to 3, partial perfusion was defined as an APS of 4 to 9, and full perfusion was defined as an APS of 10 to 12. The APS was evaluated in patients from the Double-blind, Placebo-contolled, Multicenter Angiographic Trial of Rhumab CD18 in Acute Myocardial Infarction (LIMIT-AMI; n = 394) and Enoxaparin as Adjunctive Antithrombin Therapy for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (ENTIRE-TIMI) 23 trials (n = 483), and infarct size (120-216 hours after AMI SPECT Technetium-99m Sestamibi data) was assessed in the LIMIT-AMI trial.

Results

The APS was associated with the incidence of death or myocardial infarction (failed, 16.7% [n = 18]; partial, 2.5% [n = 155]; full, 2.4% [n = 82]; P = .039 for trend) and larger SPECT infarct sizes (failed, median 39% [n = 10]; partial, 12% [n = 79]; and full, 8% [n = 35]; P = .002). No patient with full APS died, whereas the mortality rate was 11.1% in patients with a failed APS (P = .03).

Conclusions

The APS combines grades of epicardial and tissue level perfusion before and after PCI or at the end of diagnostic cardiac catheterization to arrive at a single angiographic variable that is associated with infarct size and the rates of 30-day death or MI. Partial or full angiographic perfusion scores are associated with a halving of infarct size, and no patients with full angiographic perfusion died.     

Sequential risk stratification using TIMI risk score and TIMI flow grade among patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction

In the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score (TRS) and indexes of epicardial and myocardial perfusion are associated with mortality. The association between TRS at presentation and angiographic indexes of epicardial and myocardial perfusion after reperfusion therapy has not been investigated. We hypothesized that TRS, TIMI flow grade (TFG), and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) would provide independent prognostic information and that angiographic indexes of poor flow and perfusion would be associated with a higher TRS. TRS and angiographic data were evaluated in 3,801 patients from the TIMI 4, 10A, 10B, 14, 20, 23, and 24 trials. Within each TRS stratum (TRS 0 to 2, 3 to 4, >/=5), 30-day mortality increased stepwise among patients with impaired TFG at 60 minutes after fibrinolytic administration. In a multivariate model adjusting for the TRS strata, impaired TMPG (0/1) was independently associated with higher mortality (odds ratio 2.28, p = 0.018). In a multivariate model adjusting for the TFG and infarct location, the likelihood of impaired TMPG (0/1) was greater among intermediate-risk (TRS 3 to 4) and high-risk (TRS >/=5) patients than among low-risk (TRS 0 to 2) patients (odds ratio 1.43, p = 0.019 and 1.50, p = 0.055, respectively). Thus, impaired epicardial flow and myocardial perfusion are independently associated with increased 30-day mortality among patients identified by TRS as high risk, although there is no synergism between either TFG or TMPG and TRS. High TRS at presentation is associated with abnormal myocardial perfusion, even after adjusting for possible confounders.     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉介入治疗冠状动脉血流和微循环的影响

目的分析应用替罗非班对ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者急诊行冠状动脉介入治疗冠状动脉血流和微循环的影响。方法ST段抬高性心肌梗死行直接冠状动脉介入治疗患者58例,随机分为替罗非班组(n=30)和对照组(n=28)。比较两组患者临床基础情况、冠状动脉介入治疗前梗死相关血管开通率、手术前后心肌梗死溶栓治疗血流情况、心电图ST段回落、术后内皮细胞凋亡数及凝血状态、住院期间出血事件、主要心脏不良事件发生率和出院前左心室射血分数等。结果替罗非班组使术前TIMI血流分级达到1级血流比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05),2级及3级血流两组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05),同时在对照组血流完全闭塞率高于替罗非班组(P<0.01),术中无复流现象、再灌注心律失常、内皮细胞凋亡数及凝血因子在替罗非班组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),再通后90min心电图相关导联ST段回落值替罗非班组明显大于对照组(P<0.05),出院前左心室射血分数、两组患者主要心脏不良事件发生率和住院期间主要出血事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论替罗非班对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死急诊行介入治疗可改善术前梗死相关血管TIMI血流情况,使介入手术顺利更好进行,争取更多时间避免较多的心肌细胞永久性坏死,改善心肌微循环障碍,减少无复流现象。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者早期应用替罗非班的疗效及安全性

目的探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者在应用负荷剂量氯吡格雷、阿司匹林的基础上早期应用替罗非班的疗效及安全性。方法选取急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）拟行急诊PCI的患者67例,根据替罗非班给药时间随机分为早期组（救护车上或一进入急诊室即开始给予替罗非班）37例,晚期组（冠脉造影结束后给予替罗非班）30例。应用TIMI血流、校正的TIMI血流帧数（CTFC）、血清肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）峰值时间、ST段回落评价PCI术后梗死血管血流及心肌再灌注疗效,并记录使用替罗非班治疗期间的出血并发症和血小板减少症的发生率。结果两组术后TIMI血流差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,心肌再灌注早期组优于晚期组（P〈0．05）。使用替罗非班期间,两组均有轻微出血,出血发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论急诊PCI术前早期给予替罗非班能改善心肌再灌注,减少慢血流的发生。     

Prognostic value of Angiographic Perfusion Score (APS) following percutaneous interventions in acute coronary syndromes

IntroductionIdentifying reperfusion and predicting post procedure risk is important following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI). An Angiographic Perfusion Score (APS) combining TIMI flow (TFG) and myocardial perfusion (TMPG) grades before and after PCI can accurately measure both epicardial and myocardial perfusion and predict Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE).Patients and methodsAPS was calculated in 226 (88 ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and 138 Non STEMI) patients. Maximum score being 12, reperfusion was defined as failed: 0–3, partial: 4–9, and full APS: 10–12. Thirty day MACE were observed.ResultsAPS identified reperfusion significantly more than TMPG alone (STEMI: 50.6% vs 11.8% (p < 0.001); Non STEMI, early reperfusion: 69.4% vs 52.8% (p < 0.01) and Non STEMI late reperfusion: 38.2% vs 7.8%; (p ≤ 0.001) respectively. A significantly lower incidence of MACE was observed in the full as compared to the failed APS group (1.8% vs 22.5%) (p < 0.001). No differences were noted between TMPG 0–2 (9.8%, 9.4%, 7.3%, respectively) (p = NS).ConclusionCompared to MPG alone APS detects more low risk reperfused patients, post PCI.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌再灌注不良对近、远期预后的影响

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响.方法 回顾性收集964例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与心肌梗死溶栓试验心肌灌注(TMP)分级等指标评估心肌再灌注状态.患者分为4组:A组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;C组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级;D组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级.以A组代表心肌灌注状态良好者,D组代表心肌灌注状态不良者.分析心肌再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响.结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关动脉前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占27.3%(237/964),心电图ST段回落小于50%者占30.6%(266/964).11.31%(109/964)的患者发生远端栓塞.A组占总例数的48.9%(425/964),D组占总例数的10.5%(91/964).与A组比较,D组患者在住院期间(RR=64.63,P<0.01)以及随访期间(RR=11.69,P<0.01)均有较高的主要不良心脏事件发生风险.结论 急性心肌梗死急诊PCI后不到50%的患者心肌再灌注良好,心肌再灌注状态与近、远期临床预后显著相关.     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI治疗疗效的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)不同时间应用替罗非班PCI疗效的差别。方法选择急诊入院的60例AMI患者随机分为早期治疗组(n=30)与晚期治疗组(n=30),早期治疗组于急诊入院即刻静脉给予替罗非班;晚期治疗组于冠状动脉造影后静脉给替罗非班。比较两组患者PCI术前后的TIMI血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TIMI myocardial perfusion grade,TMPG)、血小板聚集率及出血情况。记录住院期间及随访3个月时的主要心血管事件(心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死及再发性心绞痛、主要心脏不良事件)的发生率。结果(1)术前TIMI前向血流达到3级的比例:早期治疗组明显高于晚期治疗组;术后两组差异无统计学意义。(2)术前和术后的TMPG 2-3级比例:早期治疗组均显著高于晚期治疗组。(3)术后血小板聚集率:两组患者均较术前明显下降,两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论AMI患者入院时尽早应用替罗非班对急诊PCI治疗是安全有效的,且能够更明显改善靶血管前向血流TIMI分级及心肌灌注TMPG分级。