地塞米松对硬膜外腔应用吗啡所致恶心呕吐的影响

目的观察地塞米松对术后硬膜外腔应用吗啡镇痛引起的恶心呕吐的拮抗作用。方法将84例ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级需硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉下行下腹部手术的病人随机分为地塞米松组(Ⅰ组,n=42)和生理盐水组(Ⅱ组,n=42),术毕2组病人均经硬膜外腔注射吗啡2 mg镇痛。经硬膜外腔注射吗啡前,Ⅰ组静脉注射地塞米松10 mg,Ⅱ组静脉注射生理盐水2 ml。观察术后24 h两组病人恶心呕吐的发生情况。结果Ⅰ组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率分别为12%和7%,S组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率分别为31%和21%,2组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论静脉注射地塞米松10 mg可显著降低术后硬膜外腔吗啡镇痛引起的恶心呕吐的发生率。     

舒芬太尼和吗啡持续硬膜外输注术后镇痛效应的比较

目的比较舒芬太尼和吗啡持续硬膜外输注术后镇痛的效应。方法择期妇科手术患者60例,行硬膜外麻醉后,随机分为两组：吗啡镇痛组（Ⅰ组）,给予吗啡2mg、罗哌卡因75mg加生理盐水至100ml;舒芬太尼镇痛组（Ⅱ组）,给予舒芬太尼100μg、罗哌卡因75mg加生理盐水至100ml行硬膜外术后镇痛。观察术后4、8、24、48h时间点患者的视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）、Ram—say镇静评分、Bromage运动神经阻滞评分．以及恶心、呕吐、瘙痒和呼吸抑制等不良反应。结果Ⅱ组术后4、8、24、48h时间点患者的VAS评分均低于1组（P〈0．05）。1组术后的恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒发生率均高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）。结论和吗啡相比,舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于硬膜外术后镇痛．能够产生较理想的镇痛效果。和减少术后镇痛副作用的发生。     

吗啡、芬太尼复合布比卡因行蛛网膜下腔阻滞在剖腹产手术术后镇痛中的应用

目的 观察吗啡、芬太尼复合布比卡因行蛛网膜下腔阻滞在剖腹产手术术后镇痛的效果和副作用的发生率。方法 120例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ剖腹产手术病人,随机分3组,A组0．75％布比卡因1．6ml,B组吗啡0．3mg＋0．75％布比卡因1．6ml,C组芬太尼25ug＋0．75％布比卡因1．6ml均行蛛网膜下腔阻滞。结果 B、C组术后镇痛效果明显优于A组（P〈0．05）,C组副作用发生率低于B组（P〈0．05）。结论 吗啡、芬太尼复合布比卡因行蛛网膜下腔阻滞术后均有明显镇痛效果,芬太尼组术后的不良反应发生率要比吗啡少。     

恩丹西酮用于患者自控镇痛时预防术后恶心呕吐

目的 观察恩丹西酮对吗啡硬膜外患者自控镇痛(PCEA)期间恶心呕吐(PONV)的预防作用。方法 择期腹部手术患者100例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,以吗啡行PCEA术后镇痛,100例患者随机双盲分为两组,各组50例。Ⅰ组为单纯吗啡PCEA(对照组);Ⅱ组为吗啡PCEA加恩丹西酮1.6 mg/kg单次静注;两组吗啡浓度均为0.01％,观察各组患者镇痛后3,6,12和24h内PONV的发生率,并对其恶心、呕吐和程度进行评分。结果 Ⅰ组恶心总发生率为38％,Ⅱ组为18％,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅰ组呕吐发生率26％,Ⅱ组为10％,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 恩丹西酮能有效地预防术后吗啡所致恶心呕吐的发生。     

地塞米松对硬膜外腔应用吗啡所致恶心呕吐的影响

目的：观察地塞米松对术后硬膜外腔应用吗啡镇痛引起的恶心呕吐的拮抗作用。方法：将84例ASA分级I－Ⅱ级需硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉下行下腹部手术的病人随机分为地塞米松组（I组，n=42)和生理盐水组（Ⅱ组，n=42)，术毕2组病人均经硬膜外腔注射吗啡2mg镇痛，经硬膜外腔注射吗啡前，I组静脉注射过地塞米松10mg,Ⅱ组静脉注射生理盐水2ml，观察枚后24h两组病人恶心呕吐的发生情况。结果：I组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率分别为12％和7％，S组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率分别为31％和21％，2组病人恶心和呕吐的发生率均有显著差异（P＜0．05），结论：静脉注射地塞米松10mg可显著降低术后硬膜外腔吗啡镇痛引起的恶心呕吐的发生率。     

预先用氟比洛芬酯于妇科术后镇痛的临床观察

目的观察比较术前预先应用氟比洛芬酯联合硬膜外吗啡、术后应用及单纯吗啡术后硬膜外镇痛在妇科手术术后的镇痛效果。方法将90例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级的妇科手术患者随机分为3组,Ⅰ组术前10min注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg,手术结束时注入吗啡1.5 mg;Ⅱ组手术结束时注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg,吗啡1.5 mg;Ⅲ组手术结束时注入吗啡2mg.记录术中数据,用统计学方法分析处理。结果 VAS评分术后4h内Ⅱ组高于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义;不良反应发生率Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著少于Ⅲ组,差异有统计学意义;镇痛效果Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比差异有统计学意义。结论氟比洛芬酯联合硬膜外吗啡预先应用,镇痛效果更佳,可填补因硬膜外吗啡起效较慢导致的术后镇痛空白期。     

老年病人术后药的自控镇痛的观察

为比较镇痛药物对老年病人自控镇痛术（ＰＣＡ）的临床效果。本文选择４０例患者,应用吗啡和芬太尼经硬膜外腔病人自控镇痛,分组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ。比较镇痛、镇静评分,呼吸、循环指标以及恶性呕吐等反应。结果：两组病例镇痛、镇静评分,呼吸、循环指标无显著性差异,患者均得到满意止痛。不良反应发生率组Ⅰ高于组Ⅱ,有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。提示芬太尼较吗啡更适用于术后老年人自控镇痛。     

硬膜外注入吗啡加氟哌啶对剖宫产术后镇痛的临床观察

选择剖宫产手术８０例,随机均分成两组：Ⅰ组术后硬膜外腔注入吗啡２ｍｇ和氟哌啶２．５ｍｇ;Ⅱ组术后肌注派替啶５０ｍｇ,作为对照,Ⅰ组无痛和轻度疼痛４０例,占１００％;Ⅱ组无痛和轻度疼痛３例,占７．５％,两组差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。副作用：吗啡组恶心呕吐,瘙痒以及腹胀的发生率分别为１０．０％、３０．０％和２５．０％,对照组为５％、２．５％以及５％,两组相比有统计学意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）。两组术后肛门排     

Effects of ropivacaine combined with morphine in modified radical operation for breast cancer

目的 观察0.375％罗派卡因复合小剂量(1.5 mg)吗啡用于硬膜外阻滞行乳腺癌改良根治术的临床效果.方法 选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期硬膜外阻滞行乳腺癌改良根治术患者75倒,随机分为A(0.375％布吡卡因)、B(0.375％罗派卡因)、C(0.375％罗派卡因复合小剂量吗啡)三组,各25例.观察记录三组患者术中、术后镇痛情况和不良反应.结果 三组患者术中镇痛均满意,不良反应发生率B、C组比A组低,术后伤口疼痛C组比A、B组轻.结论 0.375％罗哌卡因复合小剂量吗啡用于乳腺癌改良根治术,安全有效,经济实惠,值得推广.     

前列腺切除术后硬膜外吗啡间断给药和PCA方式术后镇痛的比较

目的　比较前列腺切除术后 4 8h硬膜外吗啡间断给药和PCA方式术后镇痛的镇痛效果。方法6 0例在硬膜外麻醉下行前列腺切除术的患者随机分成两组 ,组Ⅰ病人在术后以硬膜外吗啡 2mg ,q 8h镇痛 ,组Ⅱ病人在术后硬膜外给予吗啡 2mg负荷剂量 ,以PCA方式持续匀速给药 ,同时观察术后 4 8h疼痛缓解程度、膀胱痉挛痛次数及副作用。结果　组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ的平均吗啡用量分别为 12mg和 8.6 8± 0 .17mg ,VAS评分结果 :组Ⅱ低于组Ⅰ ,镇痛效果优于组Ⅰ ;术后 4 8h膀胱痉挛次数 :组Ⅰ高于组Ⅱ ,恶心呕吐发生率无统计学差异。结论　与硬膜外间断给药相比 ,PCA方式术后镇痛可减少吗啡用量 ,镇痛效果平稳良好 ,可减少副作用的发生率 ,对前列腺切除术后病人是一种较好的镇痛方式     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.