幻觉属性的主成分分析

目的　应用较少的因子来了解幻觉属性。方法　应用幻觉量表对 83例精神疾病患者进行评定 ,并对 18项属性进行主成分分析。结果　 18种属性中的大多数属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性 ,可以用 4个因子来表达幻觉属性 ,分别是效应因子、真实性因子、精神病性因子和独有性因子。 4个公共因子的累计贡献率为 56 %。结论　幻觉大多数属性相关性好 ,属性可以从 4个方面来描述。     

幻觉的量化描述:特异属性的数理识别

目的在幻觉的18项属性中，了解幻觉的特异或典型属性。方法应用幻觉量表对83例精神疾病患者进行评定，进行18个属性的相关分析，应用相应的方法求征。结果18项属性之间大都存在着统计学意义的相关性，行为效应是幻觉的典型或特异属性。结论行为效应属性是幻觉的特异属性。     

幻觉的量化描述：（二）属性的相关分析（1）

目的：了解幻觉属性的相互关系。方法：应用幻觉量表对83例精神疾病患者进行评定，并进行5类属性的相关分析。结果：几乎所有的5类属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性，其中效应属性与其它属性关系更为密切，与总分关系最高。结论：幻觉属性相关性好，效应属性可能是主要属性。     

幻觉的量化描述：（二）属性的相关分析（1）

为了解幻觉属怀的相互关系，应用幻觉量表对83例精神中层得进行评定，并进行5类属性的相关分析。结果，几乎所有的5类属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性，其中效应避性与其他属性关系更为密切，与总分关系最高。提示，幻觉属性相关性好，效应属性可能是主要属性。     

幻觉的量化描述:(三)特异类别属性的分析

目的 在幻觉的几个类别属性中，了解幻觉特异类别属性。方法 应用幻觉量表对83例精神疾病患者进行评定，进行5类属性的相关分析，应用相应的方法求证。结果 5类属性之间都存在着统计学意义的相关性，每一类属性与其他属性相关关系的平均值，唯效应属性最高。结论 效应属性是幻觉的特异属性．     

因肇事住院的精神疾病患者调查分析

目的：探讨因肇事而住院的精神疾病患者的原因及相关因素。方法：对2001年内因肇事而住院的55例精神疾病患者进行回顾分析。结果：男39例，女16例，占同期住院病人总数18．5％。精神分裂症居首位。症状以伤人、毁物及危害社会治安为多见。其原因均因精神症状(幻觉，妄想，易激惹，行为紊乱)所引起。结论：对肇事的精神疾病患者应加强监护，及时治疗。     

幻觉的性质变化

幻觉的性质变化【英】／ＭｉｌｌｅｒＬＪ…／／ＡｍＪＰｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ，－１９９６；１５３（２）：２６５～２６７虽然一些干预能减轻精神病人的幻觉，但其作用机理尚不清楚。尽管有些病人的幻觉消失，但一些病人的幻觉则在性质上发生变化。这表明幻觉是一种连续过...     

偏执型精神分裂症伴幻觉和不伴幻觉的临床比较

目的：比较偏执型精神分裂症有幻觉和不伴幻觉的患者的临床特征,方法,对120例偏执型精神分裂症患者按有无幻觉分为两组,以SAPS、BPRS及自制的妄想症状调查表进行评定比较,结果：无幻觉的患者多数为缓慢起病,妄想以原发性为主;伴幻觉的患者鑫为亚急性或急性起病,除妄想症状外其它各项阳性症状均较无幻觉组严重,但短期疗效反以幻觉组较优。结论：不伴幻觉的偏执型精神分裂症患者其妄想症状比伴 幻觉的患者较顽固,且造成了治疗的依从性差、自知力恢复不良,可直接影响疗效。     

抑郁障碍者凶杀行为的心理机制探讨

目的 探讨抑郁性障碍杀人的病理心理机制对辨认、控制能力的影响。方法 通过对本院10年间鉴定的10例抑郁性障碍杀人案例资料的医学诊断复核讨论，分析杀人时的病理心理状态与当时辨认、控制能力的相关性。结果 10例均维持原诊断。病理心理类型：激越冲动4例(40％)，有报复情节4例(40％)，扩大自杀1例，幻觉妄想1例。辨认与控制能力：扩大自杀和幻觉妄想支配均辨认能力丧失，激越冲动使控制能力削弱。结论 抑郁性障碍发生杀人的病理心理类型具有多样性特点，不同的病理心理状态对辨认、控制能力的影响差别较大，只有具体案例具体分析才能准确评定责任能力。     

精神分裂症84例幻觉临床分析

为了解精神分裂症所伴幻觉的种类、性质及与其他精神症状的关系，对84例精神分裂症发生幻觉的种类、特点用构成比进行统计。结果，本组精神分裂症幻觉的发生率＞50％，其中幻听最为多见，其次为幻视。而精神分裂症幻觉中又以幻听的危害最大，常引发各种意外，应高度重视。     

Traduction et étude de validation de la version française de l’échelle « Specific Loss of Interest and Pleasure Scale,SLIPS » (Échelle de Perte Spécifique de l’Intérêt et du Plaisir,EPSIP)

ObjectivesThe Specific Loss of Interest and Pleasure Scale (SLIPS) has been created by Winer in 2014 to assess recent changes in anhedonia. The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the French version of the scale.MethodsA total of 108 inpatients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder and a score of at least 12 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were included in the study as well as 50 healthy subjects recruted from general population. All the subjects filled out 7 rating scales: SLIPS (23 items), The Snaith Hamiltion Pleasure Scale (SHAPS, 14 items), the Temporal Experience Pleasure Scale (TEPS, 18 items) rating the trait anticipatory (TEPS-ANT) and trait consummatory pleasure (TEPS-CONS), the BDI-II and the anhedonia subscale of the BDI-II (ANH-BDI), the short version of the Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS). Concurrent, discriminant and incremental validities were studied as well as reliability using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Internal validity was studied using principal components analysis.Results and ConclusionCronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory (0,92) for the SLIPS. Significant correlations were observed between the SLIPS and the other anhedonia scales suggesting satisfactory concurrent validities. Significant difference between groups for the SLIPS was reported with higher scores for depressives comparatively with the controls. Principal components analysis found a one-factor solution suggesting that the SLIPS was unidimensional. The French version of the SLIPS has satisfactory validity and reliability that allow its use notably in depressives to detect the suicidal risk.     

Borderline personality disorder traits and their relationship with dimensions of normative personality: a web-based cohort and twin study

Kendler KS, Myers J, Reichborn‐Kjennerud T. Borderline personality disorder traits and their relationship with dimensions of normative personality: a web‐based cohort and twin study. Objective: To describe the structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for four dimensions of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and to understand the source of resemblance of these dimensions and normal personality. Method: A web‐based sample (n = 44,112 including 542 twin pairs) completed items from 4 scales of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology Basic Questionnaire and the Big Five Inventory. Results: A one‐factor common pathway model best fits the 4 BPD scales producing a highly heritable latent liability (heritability = 60%) and strong loadings on all 4 dimensions. Affective instability had the lowest trait‐specific genetic loading, suggesting that it was a core feature of BPD. A complex pattern of genetic and environmental associations was found between the big five personality traits and BPD dimensions. The strongest genetic correlations with the BPD traits were generally seen for neuroticism (positive), followed by conscientiousness and agreeableness, both negative. Conclusion: In the general population, these four BPD dimensions reflect one underlying highly heritable factor. The association between normative personality and dimensions of BPD is complex with high degrees of genetic correlation.     

The person within: memory codes for persons and traits using fMRI repetition suppression

Neuroimaging studies on trait inference demonstrated that the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) houses neural representations of memory codes for traits . In this study, we investigate the neural code not only of traits, but also of persons who exemplify these traits. We used repetition suppression, which is a rapid suppression of the neuroimaging signal upon repeated presentation of the same stimulus or core stimulus characteristics—in this case, the implied trait and person. Participants inferred familiar person’s traits. At each trial, a critical (target) sentence described a behavior that implied a trait, and was preceded by a (prime) sentence that implied the same trait and portrayed the same person, the same trait but portrayed a different person or did not imply a trait and portrayed a different person. As predicted, we found partly overlapping repetition suppression areas in the ventral mPFC when persons and traits were repeated, indicating that not only traits but also familiar persons have a neural code in the ventral mPFC. We also found a negative correlation between activation when reading about a new person and participants’ social network size, indicating that experience with larger social groups results in less recruitment of a person code.     

Borderline personality traits in hysterical neurosis

The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the traits of the psychopathology of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) compared with hysterical neurosis. A total of 48 subjects with BPD and 40 subjects with hysterical neurosis both defined by DSM-III-R were assessed by Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB). Statistical analysis was done by quantification of the second type, a multivariate data analysis. The total scores of DIB were BPD group, 6.13 +/- 1.52; hysterical neurosis group, 4.9 +/- 2.12 (t = 3.05, P = 0.0016). The correlation ratio (index of to what extent the two groups are discriminated) was 0.2442. Among the four parameters of: (i) affect, (ii) cognition, (iii) impulse-action pattern, (iv), and interpersonal relationships, the partial coefficient correlations of (iii) and (iv) were significantly high (0.342, 0.287, P < 0.01). The question items with high independent coefficients were manipulation (0.4416), intolerance of aloneness (0.3797), demanding nature (0.3768), self-mutilation (0.3609), visual hallucination (0.3395). Those with low score of independent coefficients were counterdependency (0.0533), identity disturbance (0.1010), depression (0.1551), loneliness (0.1752), hypomanic episode (0.1936). Both of BPD and hysterical neurosis groups were not so fairly well discriminated. However, these results suggested that impulse-action pattern and disorder of interpersonal relationships were traits of borderline personality disorder. We could admit manipulation, intolerance of aloneness as its symptoms. In addition, counterdependency, identity disturbance were comparatively common to both. There were some borderline personality traits symptomatically in hysterical neurosis.     

精神分裂症患者行为障碍4000例分析

目的;了解精神分裂症患者的行为障碍表现和临床意义。方法：对１９９２年１０月～１９９４年６月全国９省１市１１所精神病院住院,符合ＣＣＭＤ－２精神分裂症诊断标准的患者同样,共４０００例。队简易物面部表情动作外,凡用２～６个字能准确表达一种行为障碍形式者即列为１项,用自制半定式调查表登记。结果：有明显行为障碍形式繁多,其性质与妄想、幻觉和思维障碍密切相关,具有冲动性、怪异性和紊乱性。呆滞、疏懒和孤独等行     

精神分裂症患者虚假记忆的研究

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者和正常者的虚假记忆,以及检验虚假记忆和妄想、幻觉症状之间的关联性。方法:测试40例精神分裂症患者(分裂症组)和40名正常者(对照组)的词汇再认和故事回忆虚假记忆任务;对分裂症组进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分。结果:分裂症组的虚假记忆任务成绩语义侵入数、错误再认数和故事回忆的正确率、错误率与对照组相比差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。精神分裂症患者的虚假记忆指标与PANSS总分、阴性症状、阳性症状以及妄想症状、幻觉症状无显著相关性。结论:精神分裂症患者可能比正常者易产生虚假记忆,精神症状对精神分裂症患者虚假记忆的产生可能不起作用。     

Effects of narcissistic personality traits and interpersonal relationship tendencies of art therapists on their countertransference management ability

This study investigated the effects of art therapists’ narcissistic personality traits and interpersonal relationship tendencies on their countertransference management ability. The study participants were 181 art therapists who had already performed paid art therapy service for at least ten times nationwide. The study instruments were a questionnaire on the demographic and job-related information of art therapists, a Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), an interpersonal relationship scale, and a Countertransference Factor Inventory (CFI). The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentage, means, and standard deviations. Pearson's correlation values were calculated and multiple regression analysis was conducted. First, among the items of narcissistic personality traits, the values of self-sufficiency, authority, and superiority were in a middle range, whereas the values of vanity and exploitativeness were in a low range. In terms of interpersonal relationship tendencies, the values of sympathetic–receptive, sociable–friendly, and independent–responsible were in a high middle range, whereas the values of defiant–distrusting and competitive–aggressive were in a low range. The value of countertransference management ability was above the middle. Second, the countertransference management ability was directly correlated with narcissistic personality traits, including self-sufficiency and entitlement, and with interpersonal relations tendencies, including dominant–superior, independent–responsible, epideictic–self-absorptive, and defiant–distrusting. Exhibitionism, a narcissistic personality trait, was indirectly correlated with the countertransference management ability through dominant–superior. Self-sufficiency, a narcissistic personality trait, was indirectly correlated with the countertransference management ability through independent–responsible. Entitlement was indirectly correlated with the countertransference management ability through epideictic–self-absorptive.