Cardiovascular Properties of the Kallikrein-Kinin System

Summary

All the components of the kallikrein-kinin system are located in the vascular smooth muscle as well as in the heart. In recent years, numerous observations obtained from clinical and experimental models of diabetes, hypertension, cardiac failure, ischaemia, myocardial infarction and left ventricular hypertrophy, have suggested that the reduced activity of the local kallikrein-kinin system may

be instrumental in the induction of cardiovascular-related diseases. The ability of kallikrein gene delivery to produce a wide spectrum of beneficial effects makes it an excellent candidate in treating hypertension, and cardiovascular and renal diseases. In addition, stable kinin agonists may also be available in the future as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular and renal disorders.     

PillPick自动化药房管理系统和自动摆药机应用效果对比

目的 比较PillPick自动化药房管理系统（PillPick）和自动摆药机（automatic dispensing machine，ADM）的应用效果。方法 收集2018年12月住院药房PillPick和ADM的设备参数和使用数据，评价两者的工作效率、差错率以及其他系统功能。结果 平均每分钟ADM比PillPick多分包14.92包（串）。ADM的平均"差错率"比PillPick高0.09%。结论 PillPick和ADM比较，PillPick的优点是差错率较低、精细化管理水平较高；ADM的优点是成本较低、工作效率较高。     

Discriminant Analysis of the Relationship Between Topological Molecular Structure and Carcinogenicity of Aromatic Amines

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal -     

依托咪酯与异丙酚静注围插管期心血管反应比较

为比较依托咪酯与异丙酚静脉快速诱导围插管期心血管反应 ,将 2 0例患者随机分成 A、B两组 ,A组 10例 ,麻醉诱导使用异丙酚 2 mg/kg、芬太尼 4ug/kg;B组 10例 ,麻醉诱导使用依托咪酯 0 .3 mg/kg、芬太尼 4ug/kg,采用美国 CSI110 0监护仪监测血液动力学变化。结果显示 ,A组围插管期血压及脉率下降较麻醉前明显 ,经统计学处理有显著性差异 ,P<0 .0 5 ;B组围插管期血压及脉率与麻醉前比较无明显变化 ,经统计学处理无显著性差异 ,P>0 .0 5。     

Perfusion Technique of the Intact Human Rectum*

Abstract: An in situ technique for rectal perfusion in humans has been developed. The solution is instilled through an outer tube, rises 7.5 cm in the rectum and is drained through an inner tube. The method allows well defined absorption conditions with normal physiological function. Absorption from two different solutions can be compared in one experiment. An example of determining the absorption rate from the appearance of the substance in the plasma is described.     

Influence of Haplophyllum tuberculatum on the Cardiovascular System

The aqueous extract of H. tuberculatum significantly decreased the contractility and the heart rate but did not affect the flow rate of isolated perfused rabbit heart. This effect was not blocked by atropine; however, the muscarinic antagonist blocked the fall in blood pressure seen when the extract was administered to anaesthetized cats. The extract also stimulated rabbit aortic strip, rat vas deferens, and rat anococcygeus muscles. These adrenergic effects were largely reduced by phentolamine. The extract may contain a mixture of pharmacologically active ingredients that necessiate its separation.     

Impact of Weight-Loss Medications on the Cardiovascular System

Overweight and obesity have been rising dramatically worldwide and are associated with numerous co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, certain cancers, and sleep apnea. In fact, obesity is an independent risk factor for CVD and CVD risks have also been documented in obese children. The majority of overweight and obese patients who achieve a significant short-term weight loss do not maintain their lower bodyweight in the long term. This may be due to a lack of intensive counseling and support from a facilitating environment including dedicated healthcare professionals such as nutritionists, kinesiologists, and behavior specialists. As a result, there has been a considerable focus on the role of adjunctive therapy such as pharmacotherapy for long-term weight loss and weight maintenance. Beyond an unfavorable risk factor profile, overweight and obesity also impact upon heart structure and function. Since the beginning, the quest for weight loss drugs has encountered warnings from regulatory agencies and the withdrawal from the market of efficient but unsafe medications. Fenfluramine was withdrawn from the market because of unacceptable pulmonary and cardiac adverse effects. Nevertheless, there is extensive research directed at the development of new anti-obesity compounds. The effect of these molecules on CVD risk factors has been studied and reported but information regarding their impact on the cardiovascular system is sparse. Thus, instead of looking at the benefit of weight loss on metabolism and risk factor management, this article discusses the impact of weight loss medications on the cardiovascular system. The potential interaction of available and potential new weight loss drugs with heart function and structure is reviewed.     

Modulation of Noradrenaline Release in Human Cardiovascular Tissues*

Abstract: 2,6‐Dichlorophenyl methylsulphone (2,6‐diClPh‐MeSO₂) induces persistent olfactory mucosal metaplasia and a strong glial fibrillary acidic protein increase in the olfactory bulb of mice. Furthermore, 2,6‐diClPh‐MeSO₂ gives rise to a long‐lasting hyperactivity along with an impaired radial arm maze performance. To study cause‐effect relationships, olfactory mucosal histopathology, glial fibrillary acidic protein induction and neurobehavioural deficits were re‐examined in mice and rats of both sexes given a single intraperitoneal dose of 2,6‐diClPh‐MeSO₂ (16 and 65 mg/kg). There was a clear difference in the character of the olfactory mucosal lesions in the two species. In mice, an extensive metaplasia characterised by severe fibrosis, cartilage and bone formation accompanied with large polyps filling the nasal lumen was confirmed. In rats, a dose‐dependent weak metaplasia with patchy loss of olfactory epithelium was observed three weeks after dosing, preferentially at the dorsal meatus, nasal septum, and the tips of the middle ethmoturbinates. Large areas of intact olfactory epithelium remained in all animals, particularly in the low dose rats. In both species, 2,6‐diClPh‐MeSO₂ gave rise to significantly increased motor‐activities, impaired performance in the radial arm maze, and glial fibrillary acidic protein‐induction. Only rats showed hyperactivity at the low dose. Performance in the Morris water maze was unaffected in rats of both sexes indicating that a general impairment in spatial learning could not be supported. We propose that the observed hyperactivity and radial arm maze acquisition deficits originated from a direct effect of 2,6‐diClPh‐MeSO₂ in the brain rather than being a consequence of the olfactory mucosal lesion.     

肝素钙与肾小球内基质金属蛋白酶表达的关系探讨

目的 探讨肝素钙在治疗增生性肾炎中的作用。方法 对70例增生性肾小球肾炎患者,进行常规病理检查,并以免疫组化方法测定其肾小球基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs)-MMP-2、MMP－3的表达。同时随机分为常规疗法（A组）和常规疗法＋肝素钙（B组）两组。结果 A组和B组系膜增生程度、球性硬化、节段性硬化、MMP－2、MMP－3表达无显著性差异。B组和10例血肌酐增高者治疗前后血肌酐和内生肌酐清除率有显著性差异。B组的疗效优于A组。结论 加用肝素钙治疗慢性肾炎有理论上和实践上的意义。