Effect of rolipram and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on resequestration of cytosolic calcium in FMLP-activated human neutrophils

1. We have investigated the effects of the selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 4 inhibitor, rolipram (0.01–1 μM) on cytosolic Ca²⁺ fluxes in FMLP-activated human neutrophils, as well as on superoxide production by, and release of elastase from, these cells.
2. Cytosolic Ca²⁺ fluxes were measured by use of fura-2 spectrofluorimetry in combination with a radiometric procedure that enables distinction between net efflux and influx of the cation. Superoxide production and elastase release were measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and a colorimetric procedure, respectively.
3. Pretreatment of neutrophils with rolipram did not affect the FMLP-activated release of Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores, but was associated with dose-related acceleration of the rate of decline in fura-2 fluorescence and with decreased efflux, as well as store-operated influx of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺, indicative of enhancement of resequestration of the cation by the endo-membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase.
4. Inhibition of superoxide production and elastase release was observed at concentrations of rolipram which accelerated the clearance of Ca²⁺ from the cytosol of FMLP-activated neutrophils.
5. These effects of rolipram on FMLP-activated Ca²⁺ fluxes, superoxide generation and elastase release were mimicked by pretreatment of neutrophils with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (0.5–4 mM), while theophylline (10–150 μM), a non-specific PDE inhibitor, as well as the β₂-agonist, salbutamol, were less effective.
6. We conclude that rolipram deactivates FMLP-stimulated human neutrophils by enhancement of cyclic AMP-dependent resequestration of cytosolic Ca²⁺.

     

虎杖苷对休克大鼠微血管平滑肌细胞内钙、pH和膜电位的影响

目的探讨虎杖苷（ＰＤ）改善休克动物微循环的作用机制。方法股动脉放血复制休克模型，取肠系膜微动脉用链霉蛋白酶Ｅ消化以分离单个血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ），再用不同荧光染料分别标记细胞，在激光共聚焦显微镜上测定细胞内钙（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）、ｐＨ和膜电位的变化。结果ＰＤ（０４ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）使休克大鼠ＶＳＭＣ［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ浓度在１０ｍｉｎ内显著下降至加药前的７８４％±５６％、ｐＨ下降至原来的７２８％±８２％；而正常对照组ＶＳＭＣ［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高１７５％±６３％、ｐＨ上升３４％±１０１％。当ＰＤ加入前１０ｍｉｎ用钙通道阻断剂维拉帕米（５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）预处理后，则动物不论休克与否，其［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ、ｐＨ都显著下降。另外ＰＤ使正常及休克大鼠ＶＳＭＣ膜电位负值下降，出现去极化反应。加入ＥＧＴＡ和维拉帕米预处理不能阻断ＰＤ作用，但加入钠通道阻断剂河豚毒素（１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）则可完全阻断ＰＤ的去极化作用。结论ＰＤ对细胞内钙、ｐＨ有双向调节作用，正常情况下ＰＤ增加细胞内游离钙及升高ｐＨ以提高血管张力，休克时ＰＤ降低细胞内钙浓度及降低细胞内ｐＨ以降低血管张力，使血管扩张。此外ＰＤ还可能通过促进细胞外钠离子?     

Effect of five triterpenoid compounds from the buds of Aralia elata on stimulus-induced superoxide generation, tyrosyl phosphorylation and translocation of cytosolic compounds to the cell membrane in human neutrophils

The buds of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem (Japanese angelica tree) have long been used as a tonic, antiarthritic and antidiabetic agent in China and Japan. We have isolated five triterpenoids, congmuyanosides A, C, D, echinocystic acid and 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin from the buds of Aralia elata , and investigated their effects on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils. Congmuyanoside A, echinocystic acid and 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin suppressed the superoxide generation induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in a concentration-dependent manner. Congmuyanosides C, D and echinocystic acid significantly suppressed the superoxide generation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The compounds also suppressed fMLP- and AA-induced tyrosyl or PMA-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation and translocation of cytosolic compounds, p47 (phox), p67 (phox) and Rac to the cell membrane.     

Inhibitory effects of melatonin on free intracellular calcium in mouse brain cells

目的：研究褪黑激素（Ｍｅｌ）对老年小鼠大脑皮层突触体内钙含量以及激动剂诱发的新生小鼠脑细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高的影响,以探讨Ｍｅｌ抗衰老的作用机理．方法：钙离子荧光染料Ｆｕｒａ２ＡＭ负载已制备的突触体或细胞,用ＲＦ５０００型双波长荧光分光光度计测定［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ．结果：长期使用Ｍｅｌ抑制老年小鼠大脑皮层Ｃａ２＋超负荷,Ｍｅｌ也降低钙通道激活剂ＢａｙＫ８６４４,高浓度氯化钾（ＫＣｌ）和谷氨酸钠诱发的分离的新生小鼠脑细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高．结论：Ｍｅｌ对中枢神经元［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ超载的抑制作用与其抗衰老作用有关．     

粉防己碱对培养大鼠心肌细胞胞内游离钙的影响(英文)

目的:研究粉防己碱对心肌的作用。方法:采用Fura-2和AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统测定培养大鼠单个心肌细胞胞内游离钙。结果:外钙1.3mmol·L~(-1)时,细胞静息钙为90±12nmol·L~(-1)。粉防己碱不影响静息钙,但可明显抑制CaCl_2,KCl,哇巴因引起的胞内钙增高;对于去甲肾上腺素引起的胞内钙增高,粉防己碱只有在外钙存在时,方对其有抑制作用。结论;粉防己碱抑制钙离子的跨膜运动,但在心肌细胞,它并非是选择性的钙通道阻滞剂。     

磷酯酶C对人血小板细胞质游离钙离子浓度的影响

目的　测定磷酯酶C(phospholipaseC ,简称PLC ,下同 )对静息状态和激活状态下人血小板胞质游离钙离子浓度的影响 ,从而进一步阐明PLC抗血小板聚集作用的机制。方法　将健康成人的洗涤血小板用荧光指示剂Fura 2 /AM进行负载 ,分别用生理盐水、ASA和不同剂量的PLC处理荧光负载后的血小板 ,采用双波长荧光分光光度法分别测定经过不同处理后的血小板在静息状态和以ADP为诱导剂时的激活状态下的胞质游离钙离子浓度 [Ca2 + ]i。结果　以健康成人血为样品时 ,经生理盐水、ASA 334μmol·L-1、2 5、3 75、5、10和 2 0UPLC·ml-1处理后的血小板 ,在静息状态下测得的胞质游离 [Ca2 + ]i 浓度 (nmol·L-1)分别为15 2 5 5± 15 0 7,131 6 3± 15 5 8,14 0 2 7± 12 0 3,139 4 8± 1 73,12 1 11± 9 5 8,116 6 2± 15 96和 10 7 2 0± 17 0 7,而以ADP为诱导剂激活血小板后测得的胞质游离 [Ca2 + ]i(nmol·L-1)分别为 90 2 6 2± 94 74 ,6 87 99± 6 2 86 ,810 99± 72 37,70 1 73± 2 1 37,4 2 9 6 7± 71 5 9,342 82± 4 4 86和 2 6 3 2 7± 2 5 4 6。以生理盐水作为对照 ,ASA 334μmol·L-1、2 5、3 75、5、10和 2 0UPLC·ml-1剂量组对激活状态下血小板胞质 [Ca2 + ]i 的抑制率I(% )分别为 2 5 8     

葡甲胺环腺苷酸对凝血酶诱导的人血小板胞浆游离钙浓度变化的影响

葡甲胺环腺苷酸对凝血酶诱导的人血小板胞浆游离钙浓度变化的影响陆志强，王道生，赵升皓（苏州医学院药理教研室，苏州２１５００７）葡甲胺环腺苷酸（ｍｅｇｌｕｍｉｎｅｃｙｃｌｉｃａｄｅｎｙｌａｔｅ，ＭＣＡ）是环腺苷酸（ｃＡＭＰ）与葡甲胺结合而成的ｃＡＭＰ类衍...     

小檗碱抑制谷氨酸引起的新生大鼠脑细胞 c-fos 表达及游离钙的升高

目的：研究小檗碱（Ｂｅｒ）对谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）引起的新生大鼠脑细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达及游离钙（〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ）变化的影响。方法：斑点杂交及Ｆｕｒａ－２技术。结果：Ｇｌｕ能诱导分离的脑细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ的一过性高表达及〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ的显著升高。Ｂｅｒ１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１显著抑制Ｇｌｕ诱导的脑细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ的高表达，而尼莫地平则没有明显作用。Ｂｅｒ１～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能剂量依赖地抑制Ｇｌｕ引起的〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ升高。结论：Ｂｅｒ的这种降低脑细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达及〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ水平的作用可能是其治疗脑缺血性疾病的机制之一。     

The effect of endothelin-2 (ET-2) on migration and changes in cytosolic free calcium of neutrophils

The effect of endothelin-2 (ET-2) on neutrophil migration and intracellular calcium was studied. Depending on the concentration, ET-2 enhanced or inhibited neutrophil migration. At low concentrations ET-2 caused a chemotactic stimulation of migration, in contrast with endothelin-1 (ET-1) which caused a chemokinetic stimulation of migration. At higher concentrations ET-2 inhibited formyl-methionylleucyl-phenylalanine(fMLP)-activated migration. Both activation and inhibition by ET-2 were completely dependent on extracellular Ca²⁺. Unlike ET-1 which caused an increase in cytosolic free Ca²⁺ at a concentration which stimulated migration, ET-2 caused a measurable increase of cytosolic free Ca²⁺ at a concentration which did not stimulate migration. This strongly suggests that there is no correlation between maximal stimulation of cytoplasmic free calcium, and maximal stimulation of migration. Influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ was required for both activation of migration and change in cytosolic free Ca⁺, because no effect was observed in the absence of extracellular Ca⁺, and because blockers of Ca²⁺-influx inhibited ET-2-activated migration. The ET_A-receptor antagonist cyclo(-D-Trp-D-Asp-Pro-D-Val-Leu) (BQ123), and the ET_B-receptor antagonist [Cys¹¹-Cys¹⁵]-endothelin-1(11–21) (IRL1038) antagonized the stimulatory effect of ET-2 on migration, and the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of ET-2 on fMLP-activated chemotaxis. This suggests that both the ET_A-receptor and the ET_B-receptor are involved in the stimulatory effect of low concentrations of ET-2, and in the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of ET-2.     

Effects of the Chinese herb component phellopterin on the increase in cytosolic free calcium in PC12 cells

The present study investigated the effects of the Chinese Herb component, phellopterin on high K⁺ and glutamate‐induced extracellular calcium influx and caffeine or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)‐induced calcium release from internal stores in attached PC12 cells. Attached cells were loaded with the calcium fluorescent indicator Fluo‐3/AM with the final concentration of 5 µM for 50 min at 37°C and cytosolic free Ca²⁺ measured as fluorescent intensity (FI) (excitation: 488 nm; emission: 535 nm). When PC12 cells were exposed to extracellular Ca²⁺([Ca²⁺]₀) 2.0 mM, the FI for resting [Ca²⁺]_i was 1,188±163, high K⁺ (75 mM) and glutamate (10 mM) induced an increase in [Ca²⁺]_i with peak values of 4,270±982 and 3,096±402, respectively. Phellopterin (0.1–100 µM) had no apparent effect on resting [Ca²⁺]_i, but inhibited high K⁺ and glutamate induced the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i in a dose‐dependent manner. When PC12 cells were exposed to Ca²⁺‐free solution, the FI for resting [Ca²⁺]_i was 804±77. Caffeine (40 mM) and CPA (30 µM) stimulated Ca²⁺ release from caffeine‐ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5‐tris‐phosphate (InsP₃₎‐sensitive internal calcium stores, inducing an increase in [Ca²⁺]_i to 2,938±362 and 1,816±291, respectively. Phellopterin (0.1–100 µmol/L) inhibited caffeine and CPA stimulated intracellular calcium release in a dose‐dependent manner. In summary, phellopterin, a novel component isolated from Changii radix, inhibited Ca²⁺ influx induced by stimulation of voltage‐gated and receptor‐dependent calcium channels with a greater inhibition of receptor‐dependent calcium channels. It also inhibited Ca²⁺ release from caffeine‐ryanodine and InsP₃‐sensitive internal stores, being more potent for caffeine stimulation. Phellopterin may be a promising candidate for the development of new classes of calcium antagonists. Drug Dev Res 68:79–83, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

钩藤碱对家兔血小板聚集及胞浆游离钙离子浓度的影响

目的 研究钩藤碱(Rhy)对兔血小板细胞内游离钙离子浓度及血小板聚集的影响.方法 56只雄性家兔的血样随机分为正常对照组,阿司匹林0.85,1.69和2.78 mmol·L-1组,Rhy 0.33,0.65和1.30 mmol·L-1组.Born法测定血小板聚集率,双波长Fura-2荧光分光光度法测定血小板胞浆游离钙离...     

左旋千金藤定碱对培养牛主动脉血管平滑肌细胞胞内游离Ca~(2+)的影响

目的：研究左旋千金藤定碱（ｌ－ｓｔｅｐｈｏｌｉｄｉｎｅ，ＳＰＤ）对血管平滑肌的作用。方法：采用Ｆｕｒａ－２和ＡＲ－ＣＭ－ＭＩＣ阳离子测定系统测定培养牛主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙。结果：ＳＰＤ１～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１不影响静息［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ，但可剂量依赖地抑制高Ｋ＋引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ增高，其ＩＣ５０为３９．６（９５％可信限２３．４～６７．１）μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，但其作用弱于尼群地平；ＳＰＤ１～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１对去甲肾上腺素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、５－ＨＴ、ＡＴＰ引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ增高也有明显的抑制作用；高浓度ＳＰＤ对无外钙时去甲肾上腺素引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ增高也有一定的抑制作用。结论：左旋千金藤定碱对培养血管平滑肌细胞电压依赖性钙通道和受体调控性钙通道均有抑制作用；其对电压依赖性钙通道的抑制作用弱于尼群地平。     

蝙蝠葛苏林碱对PC12细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的进一步探讨蝙蝠葛苏林碱（Dau）的抗脑缺血／缺氧损伤与其钙拮抗作用间的关系。方法：培养的PC12细胞用Fura－2／AM负载，用AR－CM－MIC阳离子测定系统观测Dau对单细胞内游离钙（[Ca(2+)]_i）升高的影响。结果：Dau（0．1～100μmol·L(－1)）可浓度依赖性抑制高钾和caffeine引起的[Ca(2+)］_i增加，对肌浆网钙泵抑制剂cy－clopiszonicacid引起的[Ca(2+)]_i升高也有抑制作用。结论：Dau不仅抑制电压依赖性钙通道开放引起的细胞外钙内流和caffeine引起的内钙释放．而且对钙泵也可能有影响，这可能是其抗脑缺血／缺氧损伤的重要机制。     

灯盏花素对高血压大鼠血小板游离钙浓度和聚集率及心脏重塑的影响

目的:研究灯盏花素、福辛普利、依那普利对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血小板游离钙浓度、血小板聚集率和心脏重塑的影响.方法:24只10月龄伴有左心室肥厚(LVH)的SHR 随机分为灯盏花素组、福辛普利组、依那普利组和生理氯化钠溶液组(NS组)4组进行为期8周的干预治疗,观察其对SHR收缩压、心率、左心室肥厚指数、心肌细胞超微结构、血小板胞浆游离钙和血小板聚集率的影响.结果:6只SHR的收缩压、左心室肥厚指数、血小板胞浆游离钙浓度和血小板聚集率均显著高于同龄Wistar Kyoto (WKY)大鼠(P均＜0.01).可见心肌细胞肥大、心肌肌浆网扩张和心肌线粒体增生等超微结构改变.血小板胞浆游离钙浓度和血小板聚集率与左心室肥厚指数呈显著正相关(P均＜0.01).与NS组比较,3药均能显著降低左心室肥厚指数、血小板胞浆游离钙浓度和血小板聚集率(P均＜0.01),并改善SHR的心肌细胞超微结构;福辛普利和依那普利还能显著降低SHR的收缩压(P均＜0.01).结论:血小板内钙代谢异常和血小板功能改变可能在SHR心脏重塑中起重要作用.灯盏花素、福辛普利和依那普利均能显著降低SHR的血小板胞浆游离钙浓度和血小板聚集率,从而改善SHR心脏重塑.     

Inhibitory effects of L- and T-type calcium antagonists on contractions of human detrusor muscle

The inhibitory and relaxant effects of the L-type calcium antagonists nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil and diltiazem, and of the T-type calcium antagonist mibefradil, on contractions of isolated human detrusor muscle were investigated. The tissue was obtained from 10 patients undergoing cystectomy due to bladder cancer. Effects of the calcium antagonists at different concentrations on the concentration-response curves for carbachol were investigated. Furthermore, concentration-relaxation curves were performed using potassium-precontracted muscle strips. All L-type calcium antagonists suppressed the mean concentration-response curve of carbachol significantly at a concentration of 10⁻⁶ M. Mibefradil up to 10⁻⁵ M did not significantly suppress it. Nifedipine significantly reduced the carbachol-induced maximum contraction to 75% and 44%, verapamil to 75% and 67% of the appropriate control value at concentrations of 10⁻⁷ and 10⁻⁶ M, respectively. Diltiazem reduced it insignificantly to 96% and 71% at the above-mentioned concentrations. The concentration-relaxation experiments revealed following pD2-values and maximum relaxations of nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil and diltiazem, respectively: 6.23, 6.37, 5.66, 5.81 and 85%, 83%, 82%, 90%. Maximum relaxations and pD2-values were not significantly different from each other. The lowest concentration, for which a significant effect compared to control in Student`s t-test was found, amounted to 10⁻¹⁰ M, 10⁻⁹ M, 10⁻⁷ M, 10^−6.5 M and 10⁻⁴ M for nimodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil and mibefradil, respectively. L-type calcium antagonists are very potent relaxant agents of the human detrusor muscle in vitro.     

Differential inhibition and potentiation by cell-permeant analogues of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and NO-containing compounds of exocytosis in human neutrophils

Summary The chemoattractants, N-formyl-L-methio-nyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), complement C5a and platelet-activating factor (PAF), induce ß-glucuronidase release and aggregation and an increase in cytosolic Ca²⁺ [Ca²⁺]_i in human neutrophils. We studied the roles of cAMP and cGMP in neutrophil avtivation, using their cell-permeant analogues, N⁶,2-O-dibutyryl adenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate (Bt2cAMP) and N² ,2-O-dibutyryl guanosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate (Bt₂cGMP) and the NO-containing compounds, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) and its prodrug, molsidomine (SIN-10). Bt₂cAMP, Bt₂cGMP, SIN-1 and SIN-10 but not SNP inhibited exocytosis induced by fMet-Leu-Phe. Superoxide dismutase potentiated the inhibitory effect of SIN-1. Bt₂cGMP and SNP potentiated C5a-induced ß-glucuronidase release, Bt₂cAMP, KCN, SIN-1 and SIN-10 being ineffective. KCN partially reversed the stimulatory effect of SNP, and in the presence of superoxide dismutase, SIN-1 potentiated C5a-induced exocytosis. PAF-induced ß-glucuronidase release was not affected by Bt₂cAMP, Bt₂cGMP, SNP and SIN-1. Bt₂cGMP was more effective than Bt2cAMP to inhibit aggregation and the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i induced by fet-Leu-Phe at submaximally effective concentrations. C5a-induced rises in [Ca²⁺]_i were not affected by Bt₂cAMP and Bt₂cGMP. Bt₂cAMP but not Bt₂cGMP inhibited the effect of PAF at submaximally effective concentrations on [Ca²⁺]_i. Our data suggest (I) that Bt2cGMP and Bt2cAMP differentially modulate neutrophil activation, that (II) NO-containing compounds partially mimick the effects of Bt₂cGMP on exocytosis and that (III) cGMP plays an inhibitory role in fMet-Leu-Phe- and a stimulatory role in C5a-induced ß-glucuronidase release. Send offprint requests to R. Seifert at the above address     

Inhibitory effect of disodium cromproxate on superoxide anion (O2-) generation and membrane potential changes in stimulated neutrophils

Disodium cromproxate is an antiallergic agent. This drug (0.5-2 mmol/L) inhibited O2- production by neutrophils induced by FMLP and PMA. However, the inhibition of FMLP-induced O2- generation was more pronounced than that induced by PMA. Disodium cromproxate also counteracted the changes in membrane potential in neutrophils induced by either FMLP or PMA. The actions of disodium cromproxate differed from those of propranolol, as propranolol had no antagonistic action on membrane potential changes induced by FMLP and PMA.     

Role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, and calcium homeostasis in human lymphocyte death induced by nickel carbonate hydroxide in vitro

When isolated human lymphocytes were treated in vitro with various concentrations of soluble form of nickel carbonate hydroxide (NiCH) (0–1 mM), at 37°C for 4 h, both concentration- and time-dependent effects of NiCH on lymphocyte death were observed. Increased generation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ), depletion of both no protein (NP-) and protein (P-) sulfhydryl (SH) contents and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were induced by NiCH. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with either catalase (H₂O₂ scavenger), or deferoxamine (DFO) (iron chelator), or excess glutathione (GSH) (an antioxidant) not only significantly reduced the NiCH-induced generation of H₂O₂ and LPO, but also increased the NP-SH and P-SH contents initially reduced by NiCH. NiCH-induced generation of excess O ₂ ⁻ but not excess LPO was significantly reduced by pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD). NiCH-induced lymphocyte death was significantly prevented by pre-treatment with either catalase, or dimethylthiourea/mannitol (hydroxyl radical scavengers), or DFO, or excess GSH/N-acetylcysteine. NiCH-induced lymphocyte death was also significantly prevented by pretreatment with excess SOD. Thus, various types of oxidative stresses play an important role in NiCH-induced lymphocyte death. Cotreatment with cyclosporin A (a specific inhibitor of alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m) not only inhibited NiCH-induced alteration in ΔΨ_m, but also significantly prevented Ni-compound-induced lymphocyte death. Furthermore, NiCH-induced destabilization of cellular calcium homeostasis. As such, NiCH-induced lymphocyte death was significantly prevented by modulating intracellular calcium fluxes such as Ca²⁺ channel blockers and intracellular Ca²⁺ antagonist. Thus, the mechanism of NiCH (soluble form)-induced activation of lymphocyte death signalling pathways involves not only the excess generation of different types of oxidative stress, but also the induction of alteration in ΔΨ_m and destabilization of cellular calcium homeostasis as well.     

碘化N-正丁基氟哌啶醇对大鼠心室肌细胞L型钙通道的阻断作用

目的研究碘化N-正丁基氟哌啶醇(F2)对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道(ICa)的影响。方法采用酶急性分离的单个大鼠心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术,观察F2对ICa的影响。结果F20.1,1,10×10-6mol.L-1可剂量依赖地抑制ICa,抑制率分别为40%,72%,84%,IC50为1.19×10-6mol.L-1。F2上移ICa的I-V曲线,但不改变ICa的最大锋电位和翻转电位;F2对ICa稳态激活曲线无明显改变;F2可使得ICa稳态失活曲线左移;延长ICa失活恢复时间。结论F2对心肌细胞ICa具有阻断作用。