共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
目的 了解广西壮族自治区(广西)HIV感染长期不进展者特征及相关因素。方法 利用艾滋病综合防治信息系统数据库,对截至2016年底,现住址在广西,存活的,且未经抗病毒治疗,病程尚未进展为AIDS的HIV感染者进行分析。结果 按纳入标准,截至2016年底,HIV感染长期不进展者313例,占报告时间>10年的2.3%,占报告时间>10年且现存活的5.4%,占报告时间>10年且现存活的未经抗病毒治疗HIV感染者的26.6%;HIV感染长期不进展者中男性占87.2%(273例)、报告年龄≤ 40岁占94.9%(297例)、农民占32.3%(101例)、单身、离异或丧偶占55.6%(174例)、汉族占69.3%(217例)、经注射吸毒感染占68.1%(213例)、来源于监管场所者占52.1%(163例);经多因素logistic回归分析,报告年龄≤ 40岁(与报告年龄>40岁相比,aOR=1.55,95% CI:1.31~3.12)、经注射吸毒感染(与经性传播相比,aOR=1.23,95% CI:1.10~1.74)是HIV感染长期不进展者的影响因素。结论 广西HIV感染长期不进展者存在一定比例,为进一步探究其规律,需开展大样本量宿主免疫学、遗传学及其病毒学等方面的深入研究。 相似文献
2.
目的 调查河南省HIV感染者中长期不进展者(LTNP)和病毒控制者(HC)存在情况及其病例特征。方法 利用我国艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统和河南省艾滋病检测实验室数据应用平台中的病例信息,及实验室检测结果判定HC和LTNP,并进行调查核实、样本采集和相关检测。结果 148例LTNP和HC中共随访到71例,其中LTNP有58例,HC有22例,同时是LTNP和HC有12例,仅是LTNP有46例,仅是HC有10例;男性50例(70.4%);≥40岁有55例(77.5%);均为汉族;职业为农民61例(85.9%);感染途径为既往有偿供血52例(73.2%);抗-HCV阳性56例(78.9%);CD4+T淋巴细胞计数均值(四分位数)538(445~654) cell/μl,病毒载量的对数均值(四分位数)为3.14(2.03~3.82) log10 copies/ml。HC的病毒载量对数均值低于LTNP(P=0.001)。结论 河南省HIV感染者中LTNP和HC的病例特征显著,更精确的分类有助于下一步研究。 相似文献
3.
4.
目的 分析河南省HIV感染长期不进展者(LTNP)病程进展及人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因多态性特征。方法 采用回顾性研究,对河南省2011-2016年检测及随访信息完整的48例LTNP进行分析,探讨随访期间CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)、病毒载量(VL)的变化情况。采用聚合酶链式反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针技术(PCR-SSOP)对LTNP及健康对照的HLA-A、HLA-B和HLA-DRB1基因位点多态性进行分析。结果 2011-2016年48例LTNP 6次随访检测发现,CD4的四分位数从601.00(488.50~708.72)个/μl降低至494.00(367.00~672.00)个/μl,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。log10VL的四分位数从3.40(2.87~3.97)上升到3.48(2.60~4.37),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HLA基因位点多态性分析显示,HLA-B*13:02、HLA-B*40:06位点多分布在LTNP中(P<0.05),而HLA-B*46:01、HLA-DRB1*09:01在健康对照中常见(P<0.05)。结论 河南省LTNP CD4有逐年下降的趋势,HLA-B*13:02、HLA-B*40:06等位基因位点可能与延缓本地区LTNP疾病进程有关。 相似文献
5.
目的了解云南省德宏州HIV感染者中病情长期不进展者(long-term nonprogressors,LTNP)所占的比例及其影响因素。方法在国家"艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统"中下载1989年至2011年12月31日的历史卡片,选取其中报告时间≥15年、现住址和户籍均为云南省德宏州(不包含查无此人)的所有HIV感染者作为研究对象。结果符合入选标准的研究对象共1 461人,其中有90人(6.2%)根据严格定义归类为LTNP。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:不同年龄、地区、婚姻状况和文化程度的HIV感染者中病情LTNP所占比例不同,HIV感染者中LTNP所占比例以≤19岁、未婚、初中及以上文化程度者中较高,而在陇川县较低。结论云南省德宏州HIV感染者中存在一定比例的病情长期不进展者,且与其社会人口学特征显著相关,值得进一步深入研究。 相似文献
6.
范雪莉 《国际流行病学传染病学杂志》1996,(1)
人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染常导致免疫系统缺损,绝大多数感染者最终发展成艾滋病,而在少数HIV感染者中存在着长期存活现象。这种状态的维持涉及到病毒的变异程度及宿主对感染反应的差异等因素。本文就近年有关研究对这些问题的认识作一介绍。 相似文献
7.
《中国公共卫生》2018,(12)
目的了解广西壮族自治区南宁市艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者中长期不进展者(LTNP)的流行病学特征及影响因素。方法从国家艾滋病综合防治信息管理系统下载1996—2014年8月31日的历史卡片,选取报告时间≥10年(即2004年及以前报告)、现住址为南宁的574例艾滋病病例进行描述性流行病学分析及logistic回归分析。结果符合入选标准的研究对象574例,根据严格定义归类为LTNP 202例(1.6%, 202/12 545),可随访并存活病例95例。多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄、感染途径、抗病毒治疗情况、随访状态是LTNP分布的影响因素。结论南宁市存在一定比例的LTNP,为艾滋病长期不进展状态的前瞻性研究和相关性研究提供基础数据。 相似文献
8.
9.
艾滋病自发现以来,发病率一直不断上升,其发病机制到目前为至尚未明确。近来的研究倾向表明,理解其发病机制的关键可能在于消化道,通过对HIV感染消化道发病机制的研究,进一步阐述发生免疫缺陷的本质,可能对艾滋病的治疗带来一定的帮助。 相似文献
10.
目的 了解绵阳市男男性行为者(MSM)性行为和艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染及影响因素. 方法 对2009年建立的MSM人群开放性研究队列在2010年随访调查基础上进行随访调查,对随访不足基线调查样本部分,采用滚雪球采样法,依据队列纳入条件,招募补足调查对象,进行相关行为学和血清学调查. 结果 共调查405人,近6月87.2%发生过男性肛交,平均(2.4±3.2)人次,3.5%发生过男性商业性性行为、16.3%发生过女性性行为.近1次/近6月男性、商业、女性性行为安全套每次使用率分别为83.1%/56.5%、92.9%/92.9%、46.2%/26.2%,差异有统计学意义(x2=45.221/72.183,P均=0.000).血清学检测显示,HIV确证感染率6.4%,新发感染率5.8/100人年;梅毒累计感染率21.2%,现症感染率9.1%,新发感染率4.1/100人年;丙肝感染率0.5%,新发感染率0.4/100人年.多因素分析显示近1年接受预防性服务(OR=0.038)、微博获取防艾信息(OR=0.148)、近6月男性肛交人数(OR=4.152~~ 15.306)、感染梅毒(现症感染)(OR=9.709)是HIV感染独立影响因素,接受过预防性服务、通过微博获取防艾信息者感染风险较低,肛交数较多、梅毒感染者风险较高. 结论 绵阳市MSM人群性行为多样,高危行为较普遍,HIV感染率较高,与预防性服务、性行为和梅毒感染相关,应针对性加大防治力度. 相似文献
11.
[目的]了解艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病病人的心理状况及其与社会支持的相关性。[方法]2007年5月,在菏泽市选择HIV感染者和艾滋病病人109例,应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSS)进行测试。[结果]调查109例,SCL-90量表中躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分均高于全国常模和修订常模(P〈0.01),人际关系因子分高于修订常模(P〈0.01);SCL-90量表总分和各因子分之间均为高度正相关关系(P〈0.01);42例(占38.53%)存在不同程度的焦虑症状,67例(占61.47%)存在抑郁症状;SAS量表总分、SDS量表总分、SCL-90量表总分与主观支持分、支持利用度、社会支持分,SAS量表总分、SCL-90量表总分与客观支持分均呈显著负相关(P〈0.01或〈0.05)。[结论]HIV感染者和艾滋病病人心理健康水平较差,与其社会支持相关。 相似文献
12.
衡阳市HIV/AIDS流行现状及趋势分析 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
目的了解和掌握衡阳市HIV感染和发病情况,为进一步开展艾滋病防制工作提供科学依据。方法对1992~2004年衡阳市艾滋病的常规监测、哨点监测和专项监测结果及流行病学个案调查等资料进行综合分析。结果1992~2004年共监测高危人群5 263人,发现HIV感染者486例,HIV阳性检出率为9.23%,其中45例发病,29例死亡。感染途径以血液传播为主,占84.77%,其中静脉吸毒占血液传播中99.51%,其次为性途径传播。感染者以青壮年男性为主,职业大多为无业,其次为农民。结论目前,衡阳市处于艾滋病流行快速增长期,HIV感染途径以静脉吸毒为主,性途径传播有上升趋势。因此,开展宣传教育、行为干预,提高高危人群和一般人群自我防范意识,对遏制艾滋病在全市传播和流行具有十分重要意义。 相似文献
13.
目的:了解十堰地区高危人群HIV感染状况及影响艾滋病感染的相关行为因素,为更好地管理这一特定人群,制定相关政策、措施提供科学依据。方法:在2002年5—7月对全市高危人群HIV感染情况及相关行为因素进行了问卷与血清学调查。结果:在完成l478份问卷调查的基础上,对l478人进行了HIV检测,共发现ll例HIV感染者(包括l例病人),HIV感染率为0.74%(11/l478),其中职业供血员10例,占0.68%(10/l478),吸毒人员l例占0.06%(1/l478)。结论:目前经有偿供血感染HIV为我市艾滋病传播的主要途径,今后应加强该人群艾滋病相关知识的宣传,加强对有偿献血员的管理,规范采供血机构,特别要加大对非法采血活动的打击力度。 相似文献
14.
《疾病控制杂志》2014,18(7)
目的 了解南昌市男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群梅毒、尖锐湿疣、淋病、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染、生殖器疱疹5类常见性传播疾病感染状况及人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染的相关危险因素.方法 采用扩大的同伴推动抽样法(respondent-driven sampling,RDS),对南昌市436名MSM进行问卷调查及艾滋病/性病筛查,利用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 发现HIV筛查阳性42例,阳性率9.6%;其中342人接受了性病筛查,确诊性病患者79人,成功转诊治疗54人.单因素分析结果显示,罹患性病、完全知晓艾滋病知识、同性性行为、多性伴及做过HIV抗体检测是HIV感染的影响因素(均有P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,完全完全知晓艾滋病相关知识(OR=0.401)、做过HIV抗体检测(OR=0.343)、罹患性病(OR=4.498)和多性伴(OR=3.076)是HIV感染的独立影响因素.结论 南昌市MSM人群HIV/性传播疾病(sexually transmitted diseases,STDs)感染率达到较高水平,性病感染促进了HIV在该人群中流行,应开展针对性的干预措施,有效筛查和控制性病,减少性伴数量,降低MSM人群感染HIV/STDs的风险. 相似文献
15.
Sutini Sri Ratna Rahayu Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim Moch Thoriq Assegaf Al Ayubi Herlina Wijayanti Anggun Dessita Wandastuti Dani Miarso Mustika Suci Susilastuti 《Ethiopian journal of health sciences》2022,32(4):809
BackgroundOpportunistic infection (OI) is the most significant complication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Differences in the characteristics of HIV patients make the prevalence of Opportunistic infection different between regions. The study aimed to identify variables associated with OI incidence among HIV-infected patients in Semarang City, Indonesia.MethodsThis study uses secondary data sourced from special HIV surveillance for 2019–2021 with a cross-sectional method. 1362 HIV patients with variables health care facilities; year of diagnosis; area of residence; age; sex; pregnancy status; occupation; risk factors; risk group determined based on purposive sampling were included in the chi-square analysis and logistic regression.ResultsThis study showed 12.3% (n=167) of HIV patients experienced OI, where OI was more common in HIV patients with risk groups of sex workers (28.70%), high-risk partners (18.60%), and Male Sex with Men (MSM) (15.40). The most common types of OI were tuberculosis infection (43%), candidiasis (21%), and diarrhea (9%). Age was the variable most associated with the incidence of OI (p-value 0.001).ConclusionsAge groups 45–54 years and 55–64 years have the most influential association with Opportunistic infection incidence in HIV patients, so planning an appropriate intervention program for this subpopulation is necessary. 相似文献
16.
目的 了解柳州市不同途径发现的艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者和艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS)的晚发现状况及其相关因素。方法 采用横断面调查方法对2009年1月~2010年6月柳州市新报告的HIV/AIDS进行问卷调查。采用Logistic回归方法分别分析不同途径发现的HIV/AIDS晚发现的危险因素。结果 调查的839例研究对象中,通过医院就诊途径和通过其他途径发现的HIV/AIDS的晚发现率分别为83.8%和62.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=48.765,P<0.001)。医院就诊途径发现的HIV/AIDS中,年龄在16~39岁、女性、未婚以及注射吸毒传播途径所占比例分别为37.3%、22.8%、15.3%和5.0%,均低于其他途径发现的HIV/AIDS(均有P<0.05)。多因素结果显示,医院就诊途径发现的HIV/AIDS中,异性性接触传播者、查出感染HIV之前有异性固定性伴性行为和非固定异性性行为者发生晚发现的危险性增加,而家庭年收入 ≥ 15 000元发生晚发现的危险性降低;其他途径发现的HIV/AIDS中,年龄越大发生晚发现的危险性越高。结论 医院就诊途径和其他途径发现的HIV/AIDS中晚发现状况均较严重,两者的人口学特征及其晚发现的危险因素不尽相同,提示今后在促进HIV/AIDS早期发现时应根据不同途径发现的HIV/AIDS的人群特点开展针对性干预措施。 相似文献
17.
Nancy L. Fleischer Ana V. Diez Roux Marcio Alazraqui Hugo Spinelli 《Journal of urban health》2008,85(6):923-937
Most studies of socioeconomic status (SES) and chronic disease risk factors have been conducted in high-income countries, and most show inverse social gradients. Few studies examine these patterns in lower- or middle-income countries. Using cross-sectional data from a 2005 national risk factor survey in Argentina (a middle-income country), we investigated the associations of individual- and area-level SES with chronic disease risk factors (body mass index [BMI], hypertension, and diabetes) among residents of Buenos Aires. Associations of risk factors with income and education were estimated after adjusting for age, sex (except in sex-stratified models), and the other socioeconomic indicators. BMI and obesity were inversely associated with education and income for women, but not for men (e.g., mean differences in BMI for lowest versus highest education level were 1.55 kg/m2, 95%CI = 0.72-2.37 in women and 0.17 kg/m2, 95%CI = -0.72-1.06 in men). Low education and income were also associated with increased odds of hypertension diagnosis in all adults (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.48, 95%CI = 0.99-2.20 and AOR = 1.50, 95%CI = 0.99-2.26 for the lowest compared to the highest education and income categories, respectively). Lower education was strongly associated with increased odds of diabetes diagnosis (AOR = 4.12, 95%CI = 1.85-9.18 and AOR = 2.43, 95%CI = 1.14-5.20 for the lowest and middle education categories compared to highest, respectively). Area-level education also showed an inverse relationship with BMI and obesity; these results did not vary by sex as they did at the individual level. This cross-sectional study of a major urban area provides some insight into the global transition with a trend toward concentrations of risk factors in poorer populations. 相似文献
18.
《Vaccine》2017,35(33):4155-4161
BackgroundHepatitis B vaccine is important in people living with HIV (PLHIV) since both viruses have the same transmission routes and co-infection has greater morbidity.PLHIV usually have poor response to hepatitis B vaccine. The duration of immunity in PLHIV is unknown.The objective of this study is to evaluate the duration of serological response and clinical protection provided by hepatitis B vaccination in PLHIV.MethodsRetrospective study of a PLHIV cohort primarily vaccinated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) from 2001 to 2002. Markers of infection and protection from HBV were investigated in those individuals who were still attending the outpatient clinic, in São Paulo, Brazil from 2012 to 2014. Three groups were analyzed. Group 1: adults who responded to primary vaccine series. Group 2: non-responders to primary vaccine series. Group 3: subjects from both Groups 1 and 2 who did not receive any booster doses after seroconversion.ResultsA cohort of 121 PLHIV was analyzed for seroconversion and persistence of anti-HBs. The majority were female (54.5%) and mean age was 50.1 years.After 11 years, none of the patients had serologic evidence of HBV infection.Overall, 41/58 (70.7%) of the initial responders (Group 1) had maintained anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL. Greater CD4+ values and anti-HBs > 100 mIU/mL at the time of first vaccine series were associated with persistence of anti-HBs.During the time of evaluation, 35/63 (55.6%) of the initial non-responders (Group 2) successfully seroconverted (anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL) in response to one or more booster doses.From the time of their seroconversion, 70 of the patients did not receive any further booster doses (Group 3). After 10 years, 54/70 (77.1%) of these individuals has maintained anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL.ConclusionsEvaluation of long-term immunity for hepatitis B in PLHIV following vaccination showed a strong persistence of anti-HBs and no serologic evidence of HBV infection. Boosters may be effective in PLHIV non-responders to primary vaccination. 相似文献
19.
Robyn C. Neblett Melissa Davey-Rothwell Geetanjali Chander Carl A. Latkin 《Journal of urban health》2011,88(1):54-65
HIV/AIDS has emerged as a significant health threat for African American women with well-documented disparities. The purpose
of this study was to assess the association between social network characteristics and high-risk sexual behaviors among a
sample of urban African American women at risk of heterosexually acquired HIV/STIs. We performed a cross-sectional study of
baseline data collected from the CHAT study, a randomized HIV-prevention trial targeting urban HIV-at-risk women in Baltimore,
MD. Our primary outcomes were risky sexual behaviors defined as either (a) two or more sexual partners or (b) having a risky
sex partner within the past 90 days. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression examining the associations between individual
and social network factors and our two outcomes of interest were conducted. The study population included 513 sexually active
African American women with a mean age of 41.1 years. High levels of unemployment (89.5%), depressive symptoms (60.0%), and
drug use (68.8%) were present among this high-risk urban cohort. Controlling for individual factors including participant
drug use, age, and depression, having two or more sex partners within the past 90 days was associated with having a larger
personal network (OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06 and 1.17); more network members who pitched in to help (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04
and 1.44), provided financial support (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.11 and 1.60), or used heroin or cocaine (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.14
and 1.40). Having a risky sexual partner within the past 90 days was associated with having a larger social network (OR = 1.06;
95% CI, 1.00 and 1.12) and having more social networks who used heroin or cocaine (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.14 and 1.49).In summary,
social network characteristics are associated with HIV sexual risk behaviors among African American urban women. Social-network-based
interventions that promote norms pertaining to HIV risk reduction and provide social support are needed for African American
women at risk of heterosexually acquired HIV/STIs. 相似文献
20.
目的 了解武汉市进行抗病毒治疗(ART)的HIV感染者及艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS) 社会支持现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法 应用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评价武汉市330例进行ART的HIV/AIDS社会支持现状;采用t检验、方差分析和多元线性回归模型分析社会支持的影响因素。结果 HIV/AIDS主观支持、客观支持、对社会支持利用度以及社会支持总体得分均低于中国常模(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,未婚/离异/丧偶者客观支持(β''=-0.260)、主观支持(β''=-0.196)、社会支持总体(β''=-0.141)得分低于已婚者(P<0.05);文化程度较高者客观支持(β''=0.250)、对支持利用度(β''=0.232)得分高于文化程度低者(P<0.05);近两周没有AIDS相关症状者主观支持得分高于有相关症状者(β''=0.232,P<0.05)。结论 武汉市进行ART的HIV/AIDS社会支持状况低于正常人群,应关注未婚/离异/丧偶者、文化程度较低者和伴有HIV相关症状者,提高其社会支持水平。 相似文献