Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis with and without cavernous transformation

BACKGROUND: Treatment options for patients with portal vein thrombosis are limited. AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis with/without cavernomatous transformation. METHODS: A survey of such patients, referred for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt between 1994 and 2005, was performed. Success rates, complications, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt patency and clinical progression were examined. RESULTS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was attempted in 28 patients (13 cirrhotics). Indications were: presurgery/transplantation (2), worsening of ascites (2), variceal bleeding (15 - 8 elective), refractory ascites (3), portal biliopathy (3) and portal vein thrombosis complicating Budd-Chiari syndrome (2). Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was placed successfully in 19 of 28 (73%); 23 of 28 had complete portal vein thrombosis and 9 of 23 had cavernous transformation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was successfully placed in six of these. In the 19 patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, the mean follow-up was 18.1 months (range 5-70): six patients had stent revisions; three had liver transplantation, one died of bleeding. Most cirrhotic patients had an improvement in the Child-Pugh score. In the failed transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt group, two of nine died, and three had further bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt should be considered for selected patients with symptomatic complete portal vein thrombosis with/without cavernous transformation, as clinical improvement and less rebleeding occur when transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement is successful.     

Review article: the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the treatment of portal hypertension

The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a non-surgical intrahepatic shunt connecting the hepatic and portal veins. The shunt can be inserted successfully in more than 90% of patients and it effectively decompresses the portal venous circulation. Serious complications, such as intraperitoneal bleeding, occur but they are uncommon. The role of TIPS in the treatment of portal hypertension is currently being evaluated. There are few controlled data available to compare TIPS with established treatments such as drugs, injection sclerotherapy, endoscopic banding or shunt surgery. TIPS has also been used to treat ascites, the Buddxhiari syndrome and cirrhotic hydrothorax. Concerns over the long-term patency and the true incidence of encephalopathy following TIPS raise doubts about its long-term efficacy. Controlled trials are required to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of TIPS for individual indications before it is widely adopted. TIPS may find its most immediate application in the emergency treatment of active variceal haemorrhage refractory to standard medical and endoscopic therapy, as there is no satisfactory treatment currently available for this high-risk group. TIPS may also have a role in patients awaiting liver transplantation who bleed from varices. Long-term patency should not be an issue in this patient group and portal decompression may reduce blood transfusion requirements during transplant surgery.     

Current approaches to the management of patients with liver cirrhosis who have acute esophageal variceal bleeding

Objective:

Esophageal variceal bleeding is the most dangerous complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, and it is accompanied by high mortality. Their treatment can be complex, and requires a multidisciplinary approach. This review examines current approaches to the management of patients with liver cirrhosis who have acute esophageal variceal bleeding.

Methods:

PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Systematic Reviews were searched for articles published between 1987 and 2015. Relevant articles were identified using the following terms: ‘esophageal variceal bleeding’, ‘portal hypertension’ and ‘complications of liver cirrhosis’. The reference lists of articles identified were also searched for other relevant publications. Inclusion criteria were restricted to the management of patients with liver cirrhosis who have acute esophageal variceal bleeding.

Results:

It is currently recommended to combine vasoactive drugs (preferable somatostatin or terlipressin) and endoscopic therapies (endoscopic band ligation as first choice, sclerotherapy if endoscopic band ligation not feasible) for the initial treatment of acute variceal bleeding. Antibiotic prophylaxis must be regarded as an integral part of the treatment. The use of a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube is appropriate only in cases of refractory bleeding if the above methods cannot be used. An alternative to balloon tamponade may be the installation of self-expandable metal stents. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is an extremely useful technique for the treatment of acute bleeding from esophageal varices. Although most current clinical guidelines classify it as second-line therapy, the Baveno VI workshop recommends early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents within 72?h (ideally <24?h) in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding at high risk of treatment failure (e.g. Child–Turcotte–Pugh class C?<?14 points or Child–Turcotte–Pugh class B with active bleeding) after initial pharmacological and endoscopic therapy. Urgent surgical intervention is rarely performed and can be considered only in case of failure of conservative and/or endoscopic therapy and being unable to use a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Among surgical operations described in the literature are a variety of portocaval anastomosis and azygoportal disconnection procedures.

Conclusions:

To improve the results of treatment for patients with liver cirrhosis who develop acute esophageal variceal bleeding, it is important to stratify patients into risk groups, which will allow one to tailor therapeutic approaches to the expected results.     

A comparison of sirolimus vs. calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive therapies in liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressive agent whose role in liver transplantation has not been well-described. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of sirolimus-based immunosuppression in liver transplant patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 185 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. Patients were divided into three groups: group SA, sirolimus alone (n = 28); group SC, sirolimus with calcineurin inhibitors (n =56) and group CNI, calcineurin inhibitors without sirolimus (n = 101). RESULTS: One-year patient and graft survival rates were 86.5% and 82.1% in group SA, 94.6% and 92.9% in group SC, and 83.2% and 75.2% in group CNI (P = N.S.). The rates of acute cellular rejection at 12 months were comparable among the three groups. At the time of transplantation, serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in group SA, but mean creatinine among the three groups at 1 month was similar. More patients in group SA required dialysis before orthotopic liver transplantation (group SA, 25%; group SC, 9%; group CNI, 5%; P = 0.008), but at 1 year, post-orthotopic liver transplantation dialysis rates were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Sirolimus given alone or in conjunction with calcineurin inhibitors appears to be an effective primary immunosuppressant regimen for orthotopic liver transplantation patients. Further studies to evaluate the efficacy and side-effect profile of sirolimus in liver transplant patients are warranted.     

24例原位肝移植经验总结

目的总结肝移植治疗晚期肝硬化、肝癌的经验。方法采用原位肝移植治疗24例肝脏疾病,其中乙型肝炎后肝硬化(失代偿期)7例；酒精性肝硬化1例；重症乙肝3例；乙型肝炎后肝硬化合并肝癌13例。结果随访2个月至3年,平均14个月。病死4例,其中死于肺和脑霉菌感染者1例,死于腹腔感染并胆漏者1例,死于多器官功能衰竭者1例。13例肝癌患者中死于肝癌复发者2例(均为巨块、浸润型),其余患者生存良好。结论肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的有效方法,尤其对于良性疾病及部分特殊病例,如合并巨大量乳糜胸、乳糜腹者,效果尤佳。对于肝肾综合征者也有良效；注意对肝癌病例的选择,尤其是巨块、浸润型；注意并发症的早发现和早防治。     

肝移植术后胆道并发症的处理措施

目的：探讨肝移植术后胆道并发症的处理措施。方法：总结2005年3月-2007年11月在肝脏移植中心行肝移植手术的125例患者的临床资料．分析肝移植术后胆道并发症的治疗措施及效果。结果：125例肝移植患者中共有22例受体发生了胆道并发症,发生率为17．6％（22／125）。其中,4例为胆漏,13例为胆道狭窄,1例为胆管炎,2例为胆道吻合口狭窄合并胆漏,1例为胆漏合并胆道铸型,另外1例为吻合口胆漏合并肝内胆道狭窄及胆道铸型。4例胆漏均获得治愈。7例单纯吻合口狭窄患者中5例最初行内镜治疗,4例治愈;而有肝内胆管狭窄的6例胆道狭窄患者,均行内镜介入治疗,仅1例有效。13例胆道狭窄患者中,7例单纯吻合口狭窄的患者均治愈,患者存活,而有肝内胆道狭窄的6例患者,有5例死亡,经统计分析差异有统计学意义（P=0．005）。结论：单纯胆漏或单纯吻合口狭窄大多可以通过非手术方法治愈,而肝内胆管狭窄保守及内镜介入治疗效果较差,常常需要手术重建胆道或再次移植。     

Review article: updates in the pathogenesis and therapy of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome is frequently linked to high-dose chemotherapy/total-body irradiation in recipients of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, long-term use of azathioprine after organ transplantation and other chemotherapeutic agents. The incidence of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome varies from 0% to 70%, and is decreasing. Disease risk is higher in patients with malignancies, hepatitis C virus infection, those who present late, when norethisterone is used to prevent menstruation, and when broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals are used during and after the conditioning therapy. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome presents with tender hepatomegaly, hyperbilirubinaemia and ascites, and diagnosis is mainly clinical (Seattle and Baltimore Criteria). Imaging excludes biliary obstruction and malignancy, but cannot establish accurate diagnosis. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome may be prevented by avoiding the highest risk regimens, using non-myelo-ablative regimens, and reducing total-body irradiation dose. Treatment is largely symptomatic and supportive, because 70-80% of patients recover spontaneously. Tissue plasminogen activator plus heparin improves outcome in <30% of cases. Defibrotide, a polydeoxyribonucleotide, is showing encouraging results. Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt relieves ascites, but does not improve outcome. Liver transplantation may be an option in the absence of malignancy. Prognosis is variable and depends on disease severity, aetiology and associated conditions. Death is most commonly caused by renal or cardiopulmonary failure.     

肝移植术中心跳骤停4例临床初探

目的探讨肝移植术中发生心跳骤停的原因及防治措施。方法回顾分析我院5年来肝移植术中发生心跳骤停患者的术前一般情况、心跳骤停前后的血流动力学、血气分析及电解质等变化。结果136例肝移植术中有4例发生了心跳骤停，发生率为2．9％，均发生在新肝期，都出现再灌注综合征，并伴有低钙、高钾和酸中毒。3例复苏成功、1例死亡。结论再灌注综合征、高钾血症、低钙血症和代谢性酸中毒是导致肝移植术中发生心跳骤停的主要原因。     

Preliminary experience in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation in a single center in China

The aim of this paper is to report the authors’ experience in performing adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) by using a modified technique in using grafts of the right lobe of the liver. From January 2002 to September 2006, 56 adult patients underwent LDLT using right lobe grafts at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, China. All patients underwent a modified operation designed to improve the reconstruction of the right hepatic vein (RHV) and the tributariers of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) by interposing a vessel graft, and by anastomosing the hepatic arteries and bile ducts. There were no severe complications or deaths in all donors. Fifty-two (92.8%) recipients survived the operations. Among the 56 recipients, complications were seen in 15 recipients (26.8%), including hepatic vein stricture (one case), small-for-size syndrome (one case), hepatic artery thrombosis (two cases), intestinal bleeding (one case), bile leakage (two cases), left subphrenic abscess (one case), renal failure (two cases) and pulmonary infection (five cases). Within three months after transplantation, four recipients (7.14%) died due to small-for-size syndrome (one case), renal failure (one case) and multiple organ failure (two cases). All patients underwent direct anastomoses of the RHV and the inferior vena cava (IVC), and in 23 cases, reconstruction of the right inferior hepatic vein was also done. In 24 patients, the reconstruction of the tributaries of the MHV was also done by interposing a vessel graft to provide sufficient venous outflow. Trifurcation of the portal vein was seen in nine cases. Thus, veno-plasty or separate anastomoses were performed. The graft and recipient body weight ratios (GRWR) were between 0.72% and 1.43%, and in three cases it was <0.8%. The graft weight to recipient standard liver volume ratios (GV/SLV) were between 31.86% and 71.68%, among which four cases had <40%. No “small-for-size syndrome” occurred. With modification of the surgical technique, especially in the reconstruction of the hepatic vein to provide sufficient venous outflow, living donor liver grafts in adults using the right lobe of the liver can become a relatively safe procedure and prevent the “small-for-size syndrome”.     

原位肝移植围手术期处理的体会

目的 总结临床肝移植围手术期处理的经验。方法 对我院在2000年8月－2001年4月间开展的5例原位肝移植临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 4例病人术后移植肝功能恢复良好；1例死于心肺功能衰竭。结论 完善的手术技术、围手术期的严密 监测以及并发症的防治与正确处理是肝移植成功的重要条件。     

Effect of long-term tacrolimus immunosuppression on renal function in liver transplant recipients

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe changes in renal function occurring after long-term treatment with tacrolimus in clinically stable liver transplant recipients, and to identify risk factors for a clinically significant decline in renal function in these patients. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. Setting. University medical center. Patients. Four hundred thirty-two patients aged 18 years or older who underwent liver transplantation between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2000, and received tacrolimus as part of their immunosuppressive treatment regimen. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Six hundred patients were identified from an electronic records review. Those who received multiorgan transplants, were not receiving their first liver transplant, or died during the hospitalization were excluded from the study. Outcomes measured were change in mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) up to 5 years after transplantation, and proportion of patients with a decline in GFR of 30% or greater from baseline to the last recorded serum creatinine level. Covariates that affected this decline were identified using a logistic regression model. Patients were followed for a mean +/- SD of 3.7 +/- 2.0 years. Mean GFR showed a statistically significant decline from baseline to end of follow-up (67.7 +/- 25.6 vs 58.4 +/- 26.5 ml/min/1.73 m(2), p<0.001). The GFR declined by 30% or more in 154 (35.6%) patients. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, p=0.020), female sex (OR = 1.92, p=0.006), higher baseline GFR (OR = 1.03, p<0.001), and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.74, p=0.059) were identified as predictors of this outcome. CONCLUSION: After the acute posttransplantation period, liver transplant recipients given long-term treatment with tacrolimus experienced only small changes in GFR over time. Patients with diabetes and women had the highest risk of experiencing a clinically significant decline in renal function.     

A comparison between gastric and oesophageal variceal haemorrhage treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS)

Background : Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunts (TIPSS) are becoming widely used in the management of oesophageal variceal haemorrhage (OVH). Their place in the treatment of gastric variceal haemorrhage (GVH), a condition with a traditionally poor prognosis, remains unclear. The aims of our study were to compare portal haemodynamics and patient outcome in patients undergoing TIPSS for either GVH or OVH.
Patients and Methods : 106 consecutive patients undergoing TIPSS at our institution for either GVH (32 patients) or OVH (74 patients) were studied. The groups were similar with regard to patient age, aetiology and severity of liver disease and number of procedures carried out as an emergency (34.4% vs. 36.5%). Episodes of shunt insufficiency, rebleeding, encephalopathy and other clinical sequela were recorded. Mean follow-up was similar in both patient groups (14.2 vs. 12.1 months).
Results : Baseline portocaval pressure gradient was lower in patients with GVH compared with those with OVH (13.0±0.9 mmHg vs. 19.0±0.6 mmHg) ( P < 0.001). Rates of variceal rebleeding, encephalopathy and shunt insufficiency during follow-up were similar in both groups and there was no difference in survival.
Conclusion : Patients with GVH had markedly lower portocaval pressure gradients than those with OVH, but shunt and clinical complications and survival were similar during follow-up. TIPSS appears to be an effective treatment for GVH and should be compared with endoscopic or surgical techniques in controlled trials.     

A comparison of liver transplantation outcomes in the pre- vs. post-MELD eras

BACKGROUND: The model for end stage liver disease (MELD)-based organ allocation system is designed to prioritize orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for patients with the most severe liver disease. However, there are no published data to confirm whether this goal has been achieved or whether the policy has affected long-term post-OLT survival. AIM: To compare pre-OLT liver disease severity and long-term (1 year) post-OLT survival between the pre- and post-MELD eras. METHODS: Using the United Network of Organ Sharing database, we compared two cohorts of adult patients undergoing cadaveric liver transplant in the pre-MELD (n = 3857) and post-MELD (n = 4245) eras. We created multivariable models to determine differences in: (i) pre-OLT liver disease severity as measured by MELD; and (ii) 1-year post-OLT outcomes. RESULTS: Patients undergoing OLT in the post-MELD era had more severe liver disease at the time of transplantation (mean MELD = 20.5) vs. those in the pre-MELD era (mean MELD = 17.0). There were no differences in the unadjusted patient or graft survival at 1 year post-OLT. This difference remained insignificant after adjusting for a range of prespecified recipient, donor, and transplant centre-related factors in multivariable survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Although liver disease severity is higher in the post- vs. pre-MELD era, there has been no change in long-term post-OLT patient or graft survival. These results indicate that the MELD era has achieved its primary goals by allocating cadaveric livers to the sickest patients without compromising post-OLT survival.     

小儿免疫性血小板减少症30例临床分析

目的 探讨小儿免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）的临床特点及预后.方法 对30例ITP患儿的临床资料进行分析,建立档案,分析患儿的出血症状、血常规、骨髓象、治疗依从情况及预后等.结果 全部病例均有皮肤出血,鼻出血5例（17％）,消化道出血3例（10％）,颅内出血1例（3％）,死亡1例,合并布加综合征（腹水、黄疸、肝功能损伤）1例（3％）,15例随访1年余已完全康复,10例血小板未恢复正常但已无出血症状,转为Evans综合征1例,转为慢性1例.结论 ITP以持续的血小板计数减少为特征,临床表现为皮肤、黏膜自发性出血,血块收缩不良,出血时间延长等,且影响其预后的因素是多方面的.     

13C-methacetin breath test for monitoring hepatic function in cirrhotic patients before and after liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic liver disease, the measurement of liver function is critical for monitoring disease progression, predicting the prognosis and choosing therapeutic strategies. The 13C-methacetin breath test is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic tool based on an inexpensive, non-toxic substance, which allows the accurate measurement of liver functional reserve. AIM: To investigate the 13C-methacetin breath test as a tool to monitor hepatic function in liver transplant candidates and recipients. METHODS: Twenty-eight cirrhotic patients listed for orthotopic liver transplantation and 10 healthy controls were studied. The 13C-methacetin breath test (75 mg per os) was performed at baseline and at 12-week intervals. Intra-operative measurements were obtained during the liver transplantation procedure in nine patients. Results were expressed as the 13C-methacetin cumulative oxidation percentage 45 min after substrate ingestion. RESULTS: The mean 13C-methacetin cumulative oxidation at 45 min was 16.4 +/- 3.5% in healthy controls and 5.4 +/- 4.2% in cirrhotic patients at the time of listing. In 11 patients who underwent successful liver transplantation, mean oxidation increased from 3.3 +/- 1.6% before transplantation to 17.0 +/- 5.2% at 6 months of follow-up. Variations in methacetine oxidation were closely related to the recovery of liver function. The mean intra-operative 13C-methacetin cumulative oxidation increased from 0.1% during the anhepatic phase to 3.7 +/- 2.0% 2 h after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: The 13C-methacetin breath test is a simple and potentially useful tool for monitoring hepatic function in cirrhotic patients listed for liver transplantation, and during the intra-operative and post-operative phases.     

暴发性肝功能衰竭的急诊肝脏移植治疗

目的探讨急诊肝脏移植对暴发性肝功能衰竭(FHF)的疗效。方法回顾性分析笔者所在中心2005-03～2006-03收治7例暴发性肝功能衰竭患者的临床资料及其治疗效果。结果行急诊肝脏移植治疗6例,术后1例并发原发性移植肝无功能,5例患者于48h内苏醒。1例男性患者术后并发急性肾功能衰竭,1例患者术后发生排斥反应,经治疗后逆转。1例男性患者并发口腔严重溃疡。2例并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),行气管切开。目前生存4例均生活状况良好,已重返工作岗位。结论急诊肝脏移植是治疗暴发性肝功能衰竭的有效方法,为患者等待供体赢得宝贵的时间是提高移植成功率的关键。     

经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门脉高压症断流术后再出血(附20例报告)

采用经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPSS）治疗20例所流术后食管静脉曲张再出血患者。肝功能A经者1例、B级者9例、C级着10例。除3例门静脉血栓外，其余17例均获成功。肝内门体分流建立后，出血停止，门静脉压力下降0.98～1．07kPa．腹水消退。术后经1～17个月随访，无出血复发和腹水产生，食省静脉曲张明显减轻，肝内分流过未发现狭窄和阻塞，仅发生轻度肝性脑病2例，死亡1例，死因为原发性肝癌。     

To restrict indication for stenting of the inferior vena cava and liver transplantation in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome

The Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) used to be a very rare disorder and lacked a means of relieving. However, various shuntings and radical procedures have emerged in the last three decades with quite encouraging outcomes. Recent minimally invasive therapies, such as stenting of the inferior vena cava (IVC), are simple and easy to handle. However, it has been realized that the IVC stent may compromise the hepatic veins and cause catastrophic consequences, thus the indication for IVC stenting should be reevaluated and especially not to be overused. Instead, it should be applied by percutaneous transangiography (PTA) only, which may be repeated when necessary. The BCS in China predominantly belongs to the IVC type rather than the intrahepatic type in Western; the outcome from its conventional therapy, at least for the moment, is better than that of liver transplantation. It is thus suggested that, before liver transplantation is decided, the conventional means for managing BCS be considered. The final suggestion is to restrict the indication both for stenting of the IVC and liver transplantation. In this paper, ten examples are given with figures.     

Nonnephrotoxic immunosuppression in patients after liver transplantation

INTRODUCTION: Calcineurin inhibitor (CI)-associated renal impairment and renal failure after liver transplantation has been recognized since the early days of its use. Various strategies have been used to prevent or slow down the progression of renal dysfunction in liver transplant recipients, but did not succeed. In this report, we describe the course of renal function of 58 stable liver transplant recipients and compared 2 groups with different immunosuppressive protocols. METHODS: In the study group, 22 patients at various intervals from liver transplantation were included. The immunosuppressive therapy consisted of Sirolimus (SRL). Additional all patients except 2 received Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) and 14 of them also received Tacrolimus. Patients of the control group (36 patients) had an immunosuppressive therapy with calcineurin inhibitors. Patients were monitored for creatinine monthly and creatinine clearance (CCr) every sixth month. Risk factors for renal dysfunction were evaluated. RESULTS: After introduction of SRL in patients with renal impairment and after a mean follow-up time of 12 (2-26) months, there was a decrease of 28.3% in mean creatinine and of 41.8% in mean urea. We observed an improvement of renal function in all patients initially after introduction of SRL. In the control group, in comparison to preoperative levels, there was an increase of 27.5% in mean creatinine and of 13.3% in mean urea after a mean follow-up time of 3.6 years with CI therapy. CONCLUSION: The results of our retrospective study showed that with SRL renal impairment could be stopped and renal function could be improved. We suggest administering immunosuppressive therapy with SRL in combination with low dose Tacrolimus and/or MMF for patients with renal impairment.     

补救性肝移植治疗小肝癌疗效分析

目的探讨符合Milan标准的原发性肝癌切除术后复发行肝移植治疗的可行性及意义。方法收集2000年1月至2008年10月肝癌肝部分切除术后复发小肝癌肝移植(salvage liver transplan-tation,SLT)13例,初次小肝癌(d≤5cm)行肝移植(primary liver transplantation,PLT)32例的资料进行回顾性比较分析。结果 SLT组手术难度、手术时间、术中失血量、住院时间及住院费用均超过PLT组,但围手术期两组并发症发生率无明显差异。术后随访(26±2.6)个月,SLT组和PLT组分别有4例(30.8%)和10例(31.3%)死亡。SLT组6个月、1年、2年生存率分别为84.6%(11/13)、76.9%(10/13)、69.2%(9/13),PLT组分别为93.8%(30/32)、87.5%(28/32)、68.8%(22/32)。结论首次部分肝切除对以后的肝移植手术无明显影响,小肝癌患者行肝部分切除术及补救性肝移植术均为较好的治疗方法。