CIP2A在卵巢癌癌组织中的表达及其基因沉默后对肿瘤细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响

【摘要】目的 探讨蛋白磷酸酶2A癌性抑制因子（CIP2A）在卵巢癌癌组织中的表达及其基因沉默后对肿瘤细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响。方法 收集2015年7月～2016年7月在我院实施卵巢癌手术的患者47例卵巢癌组织为卵巢癌组,选择同期行卵巢良性病变部分切除时的5例正常卵巢组织为正常组,测定组织中CIP2A的表达水平。应用siRNA干扰卵巢癌细胞系A2780和SKOV3的CIP2A表达,将细胞分为对照组和干扰组,采用MTT法检测两组细胞增殖,Transwell检测两组细胞侵袭和迁移能力,Western Blot检测E 钙黏蛋白（E cad）、基质金属蛋白MMP 2、MMP 9、转移性肿瘤抗原1（MTA1）蛋白的表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,卵巢癌组CIP2A蛋白和CIP2A mRNA表达量显著升高（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比,干扰组A2780和SKOV3细胞增殖率、侵袭和迁移力显著下降（P＜0.05）,E cad的蛋白表达量显著升高（P＜0.05）,MMP 2、MMP 9和MTA1的蛋白表达量显著下降（P＜0.05）。结论 CIP2A在卵巢癌组织中具有高表达,可有效调节细胞侵袭和迁移相关蛋白的表达,调控细胞的侵袭和迁移力。     

Noggin蛋白对MCF-7细胞增殖、侵袭能力的影响

目的观察Noggin蛋白对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖、侵袭能力的影响。方法以Noggin重组腺病毒感染乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7,MTT法检测Noggin对MCF-7细胞增殖能力的影响,划痕修复实验及Transwell细胞侵袭实验检测其运动和侵袭能力的改变,Real-time PCR和Western blot检测CXCR4和MMP1基因的表达改变。结果过表达Noggin蛋白的MCF-7细胞增殖能力增强(P<0.05);划痕修复实验提示过表达Noggin蛋白的MCF-7细胞划痕愈合延迟;Transwell细胞侵袭实验提示与空病毒组相比,Noggin组穿膜细胞数显著降低(55±4 vs 25±3,P<0.05)。RT-PCR和Western blot结果:过表达Noggin后,MCF-7细胞中CXCR4和MMP1基因表达下调。结论 Noggin蛋白可抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的运动和迁移,可能与下调CXCR4和MMP1基因的表达相关。     

RNAI沉默Grp94基因对人食管癌ECA109细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响

目的 探讨RNAI沉默Grp94基因表达对人食管癌ECA109细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响和可能机制.方法 设计、合成靶向Grp94基因的siRNA基因片段,应用脂质体包埋转染食管癌ECA109细胞,采用Real-time PCR和Western blot法分别检测转染后的细胞内Grp94、基质金属蛋白酶MMP2及MMP9的表达,采用Transwell实验检测沉默Grp94基因对细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响.结果 SiGrp94组中Grp94mRNA和蛋白水平显著下调(P＜0.01),MMP2、MMP9表达明显下调(P＜0.05);SiGrp94组细胞迁移及侵袭能力明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 沉默Grp94基因可明显抑制ECA109细胞的迁移及侵袭能力,Grp94可能通过影响MMP2、MMP9参与其中.     

二烯丙基二硫下调uPA和MMP9抑制乳腺癌细胞侵袭迁移

目的 研究大蒜提取物二烯丙基二硫(DADS)对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231两种人乳腺癌细胞侵袭迁移的作用。方法采用不同浓度(0,0,200,0 μmol/L)DADS处理MCF-7和MDA-MB-231两种人乳腺癌细胞24 h,Transwell侵袭实验检测DADS对细胞侵袭能力的影响;划痕愈合实验观察DADS对细胞迁移能力的改变;western blot检测两种细胞中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)的表达。结果Transwell实验发现DADS呈浓度依赖性抑制MCF-7和MDA-MB-231两种乳腺癌细胞的侵袭,划痕愈合实验则发现DADS呈浓度依赖性抑制两种乳腺癌细胞的迁移。与此同时,Western blot结果显示DADS可浓度依赖性下调侵袭迁移相关蛋白uPA和MMP9的表达。结论DADS可下调uPA和MMP9表达,抑制乳腺癌细胞侵袭迁移。     

UBE2T-siRNA对乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭的影响

目的 探讨沉默泛素结合酶E2T(UBE2T)对乳腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭及凋亡的影响.方法 体外培养人乳腺正常细胞系MCF-10A及乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、MDA-M B-468、HCC1937,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测各细胞系中UBE2T mRNA的表达水平.将乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞系进行UBE2T-siRNA转染,并分为对照组、阴性转染组、UBE2T-siRNA组.qRT-PCR检测各组细胞中UBE2T mR-NA的表达.四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测各组细胞增殖抑制率.流式细胞术检测各组细胞周期及凋亡情况.Transwell检测各组细胞侵袭情况.Western blot检测各组细胞蛋白细胞周期素D1 (CyclinD1)、β-cate-nin、神经型钙黏蛋白(N-cad)、上皮型钙黏蛋白(E-cad)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-9(caspase-9)的表达.结果 与MCF-10A比较,HCC1937、MCF-7、MDA-MB-468、MDA-MB-231细胞中UBE2T mRNA表达均升高,其中MDA-MB-231细胞升高最明显.与对照组和阴性转染组比较,UBE2T-siRNA组细胞UBE2T mRNA的表达明显降低(P＜0.05);细胞增殖抑制率、细胞凋亡率、G2/M期细胞百分比明显升高,G0/G1期细胞百分比、细胞侵袭数目明显降低(P＜0.05);细胞蛋白CyclinD1、β-catenin、N-cad表达明显降低,E-cad、caspase-9的表达明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 沉默UBE2T能够促进乳腺癌细胞的凋亡,抑制其增殖和侵袭,UBE2T可能是乳腺癌治疗的潜在研究靶点.     

miRNA-455-3p对HCT116结肠癌细胞迁移、侵袭的影响及机制研究

目的 探讨miRNA-455-3p对HCT116结肠癌细胞迁移、侵袭的影响及机制研究.方法 采用脂质体LipofectamineTM 3000将miR-455-3p mimics和miR-455-3p NC转入HCT116结肠癌细胞中,Real-time PCR检测细胞中miR-455-3p表达,MTT法检测细胞活力,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力,Western blot检测细胞中基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinases 2,MMP2)、MMP9、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,AKT)信号通路相关蛋白的表达.结果 与miR-455-3p NC组比较,miR-455-3p mimics组miR-455-3p表达量显著提高(P＜0.01),细胞活力、迁移能力、侵袭能力均显著降低(P＜0.01),MMP2、MMP9、PI3K及p-AKT表达量均显著下调(P＜0.01).结论 miR-455-3p mimics可能通过阻断PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制HCT116细胞的迁移及侵袭.     

靶向干扰CDK2AP1对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞体外迁移和侵袭的影响

目的：探讨靶向干扰细胞周期调节蛋白依赖性激酶2-关联蛋白-1（CDK2AP1）对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞体外迁移和侵袭的影响。方法构建重组慢病毒 pGCLV- CDK2AP1- shRNA及重组空病毒pGCLV- GFP,分别稳定转染乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7,获得乳腺癌细胞株 MCF-7/RNAi- NC 和 MCF-7/RNAi- CDK2AP1。采用定量 PCR 法检测两组 MCF-7细胞株的CDK2AP1mRNA表达,xCELLigence/RT- CIM实时细胞电子分析系统检测细胞迁移能力,Transwel 实验检测细胞的侵袭能力。结果成功构建乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7/RNAi- NC和MCF-7/RNAi- CDK2AP1,相比MCF-7/RNAi- NC细胞组,MCF-7/RNAi- CDK2AP1细胞组的CDK2AP1mRNA表达受到明显抑制,其细胞迁移和侵袭能力均显著下降（P＜0.05）。结论乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中CDK2AP1低表达能有效抑制细胞的体外迁移和侵袭能力。     

瑞舒伐他汀对胶质瘤U87细胞迁移、侵袭的抑制作用

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀对胶质瘤细胞U87迁移、侵袭的抑制作用及相关机制。方法 0、5、10、20μmol/L的瑞舒伐他汀作用U87细胞24、48、72 h,CCK-8法检测细胞活力,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力,Western blot检测基质金属蛋白酶MMP2、MMP9及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,5μmol/L组、10μmol/L组、20μmol/L组U87细胞活力降低(P0.01),呈时间及剂量依赖性,细胞迁移及侵袭能力降低(P0.01),MMP2、MMP9、Wnt1、Wnt3a、Wnt7a、β-catenin表达量下调(P0.01)。结论瑞舒伐他汀能显著抑制胶质瘤细胞U87迁移及侵袭能力,可能与阻断Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

敲低ACTL8基因对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖与迁移的影响

目的探讨采用携带shRNA特异序列的载体转染子宫内膜癌细胞敲低肌动蛋白样蛋白8(ACTL8)基因对细胞增殖、侵袭迁移能力的影响及其机制。方法选取人子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞株进行实验研究,以携带shRNA特异序列的载体及空载质粒分别转染Ishikawa细胞株,形成敲低ACTL8基因的shACTL8组和以空载质粒转染的对照组。荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测两组细胞中ACTL8 mRNA表达,Western blot法检测两组细胞ACTL8蛋白表达,Transwell迁移和侵袭实验分析Ishikawa细胞侵袭和迁移能力,CCK8细胞增殖实验及平板克隆实验检测细胞的增殖情况,Western blot法检测两组细胞的E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、P21蛋白的表达情况。结果shACTL8组的ACTL8 mRNA、ACTL8蛋白相对表达强度均低于对照组(P＜0.05);shACTL8组的Ishikawa细胞侵袭、迁移水平均低于对照组(P＜0.05);在细胞培养后1天、2天、3天,shACTL8组的Ishikawa细胞数目测定OD值显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);平板克隆实验培养3天,可见shACTL8组培养皿中细胞生长数目明显少于对照组(P＜0.05);shACTL8组E-cadherin蛋白、P21蛋白表达强度高于对照组(P＜0.05);shACTL8组N-cadherin蛋白、MMP-9蛋白表达强度低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论敲低ACTL8基因抑制子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭。     

丙泊酚通过调控miR-574-5p/SOX2表达抑制胃癌AGS细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移

【摘要】 目的 探讨丙泊酚通过调控微小RNA-574-5P(miRNA-574-5P）/性别决定区Y框蛋白（SOX2）对胃癌AGS细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响和分子机制。 方法 以0、5、10和20 μg/mL丙泊酚处理AGS细胞48 h。筛选丙泊酚最佳使用浓度。将转染后的AGS细胞分为对照组、丙泊酚组、丙泊酚+miR-NC组、丙泊酚+miR-574-5p组、丙泊酚+si-con组、丙泊酚+si-SOX2组、丙泊酚+miR-574-5p+pcDNA组、丙泊酚+miR-574-5p+ pcDNA-SOX2组。采用细胞计数（CCK-8）法检测细胞增殖;克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成能力;Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭和迁移;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测细胞中微小RNA（miR）-574-5p的表达水平;免疫印迹法检测细胞中SOX2蛋白的表达水平。采用上述方法检测AGS细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力。双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-574-5p与SOX2的靶向关系。 结果 选择20 μg/mL丙泊酚浓度进行实验。与0μg/mL比较,5、10、20 μg/mL丙泊酚处理组细胞存活率、克隆形成率、侵袭细胞数和迁移细胞数均明显降低（P＜0.05）,且呈浓度依赖性,miR-574-5P表达水平呈浓度依赖性降低,SOX2呈浓度依赖性升高（P＜0.05）。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组AGS细胞存活率、克隆形成率、迁移和侵袭细胞数以及miR-574-5p表达显著降低（均P＜0.05）,SOX2蛋白表达显著升高（P＜0.05）。与丙泊酚+miR-NC组比较,丙泊酚+miR-574-5p组AGS细胞存活率、克隆形成率、迁移和侵袭细胞数以及miR-574-5p表达显著升高（均P＜0.05）,SOX2蛋白表达显著降低（P＜0.05）。与丙泊酚+si-con组比较,丙泊酚+si-SOX2组AGS细胞存活率、克隆形成率、迁移和侵袭细胞数以及miR-574-5p表达显著升高（均P＜0.05）,SOX2蛋白表达显著降低（P＜0.05）。与丙泊酚+miR-574-5p+pcDNA组比较,丙泊酚+miR-574-5p+ pcDNA-SOX2组AGS细胞存活率、克隆形成率、迁移和侵袭细胞数以及miR-574-5p表达显著降低（均P＜0.05）,SOX2蛋白表达显著升高（P＜0.05）。miR-574-5p直接与SOX2结合。 结论 丙泊酚通过调控miR-574-5p/SOX2表达抑制胃癌AGS细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.