口服双膦酸盐对预防老年人非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后骨溶解的临床研究

目的探讨口服双膦酸盐对老年患者非骨水泥全髋关节置换术后股骨柄周围骨密度的影响。方法将52例符合纳入标准的患者随机分成阿仑膦酸钠组与对照组,阿仑膦酸钠组术后1周服用阿仑膦酸钠,对照组仅口服钙尔奇D。2组患者均应用骨密度测量仪(DEXA)分别于术后3周及6月测定股骨近端各个分区的骨密度。结果获得完整随访病例共46例,术后6月各区骨密度均呈持续下降趋势,和对照组相比,术后6月阿仑膦酸钠组假体柄周围骨量(3、6、7区)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余1、2、4、5测量区骨密度2组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论口服双膦酸盐能有效防止老年患者非骨水泥型髋关节假体周围骨量减少。     

后外侧入路下人工全髋关节置换联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效

目的观察老年股骨转子间骨折患者经后外侧入路下人工全髋关节置换术联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗的有效性与安全性。方法纳入80例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,对全部患者进行编号,将单号者纳入对照组,双号者纳入研究组,每组40例。全部患者接受后外侧入路下人工髋关节置换治疗,并在术后常规给予碳酸钙D3片治疗,研究组在此基础上于术后联合使用阿仑膦酸钠片治疗。分别于术前、术后6个月、术后12个月,检测并比较两组髋部骨密度及L2～4椎体骨密度,并采用髋关节Harris评分评价患者髋关节功能恢复情况,记录术后并发症发生情况、药物治疗期间不良反应发生情况及再骨折发生率。结果两组术后髋部骨密度、椎体骨密度、髋关节Harris评分均较术前明显提高,且研究组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.001;P0.05);术后组间并发症发生率及再骨折发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);术后药物治疗期间,全部患者无药物相关不良反应发生。结论老年股骨转子间骨折患者后外侧入路下人工全髋关节置换术后联合口服阿仑膦酸钠治疗,可产生理想的抗骨质疏松效果,患者术后骨密度提高、髋关节功能明显改善、术后并发症少,且治疗期间无药物相关不良反应发生,安全可行。     

阿仑膦酸钠对全髋关节置换术后髋臼周围骨密度的影响

目的探讨阿仑膦酸钠对全髋关节置换术后髋臼周围骨密度的影响。方法将符合全髋置换纳入标准的患者随机分成阿仑膦酸钠组与对照组,阿仑膦酸钠组术后除常规治疗外尚服用阿仑膦酸钠,对照组仅常规治疗。2组患者均应用骨密度测量仪（DEXA）分别于术后第6天、3、6个月测定髋臼各个分区的骨密度。结果获得完整随访病例共58例,术后3、6个月各区骨密度均呈持续下降趋势,和对照组相比,术后3个月阿仑膦酸钠组髋臼假体周围骨量（Ⅲ区）的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,其余各测量区骨密度2组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与对照组相比,术后6个月阿仑膦酸钠组髋臼假体周围骨量（Ⅲ区）的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,其余各测量区2组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论阿仑膦酸钠能有效防止髋臼假体周围骨量减少。     

唑来膦酸静脉注射联合核心稳定性训练治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的治疗效果

目的观察唑来膦酸静脉注射联合核心稳定性训练治疗绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨转换、骨密度、脊柱稳定功能的变化。方法采用随机对照研究,观察期1年。230例绝经后骨质疏松症患者采用数字表法随机分为治疗组,给予基础治疗+唑来膦酸治疗+核心稳定性训练;对照组,给予基础治疗+唑来膦酸治疗。观察用药前和用药1年后Ⅰ型前胶原N端肽(procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide,P1NP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽片段(βcross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen,β-CTX)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,N-MID)等骨转换指标及腰椎、髋部骨密度、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、站起测试(sit to standing performance,STS)、计时起走测试(timed"upgo",TUG)的变化,并观察治疗不良反应和随访依从性。结果治疗1年,2组各有113例和110例患者得到随访。两组VAS、STS、TUG、P1NP、N-MID、β-CTX治疗1年均较治疗前下降,治疗组分别为84.5%、19.7%、32.6%、46.3%、38.3%和37.4%,对照组分别为82.7%、9.7%、18.7%、39.5%、40.4%和41.7%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);VAS、STS、TUG治疗组变化优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗1年,治疗组腰椎、髋部、股骨颈骨密度均较治疗前有不同程度提高,分别为3.0%、1.4%和4.4%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组腰椎、髋部、股骨颈骨密度亦均较治疗前有不同程度提高,分别为2.8%、4.6%和2.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);血钙、血磷治疗1年较治疗前无显著变化(P0.05)。结论唑来膦酸静脉注射联合核心稳定性训练对绝经后骨质疏松症的治疗效果明显,能够有效抑制骨吸收,降低骨转换率,提高骨密度并且能够加强腰部稳定性功能,增加活动能力。     

骨疏康颗粒对髋关节置换术后人工假体周围早期骨量的影响

接受人工髋关节置换术患者61例,随机分为治疗组(30例)和对照组(31例),治疗组口服补肾中药骨疏康颗粒.均用骨密度仪测定人工假体周围骨量.发现两组术后1周时兴趣区(ROI)各扫描区域骨密度检测值分布接近;术后3、6个月,治疗组ROI 1和7区骨密度均明显高于对照组.提示骨疏康颗粒可以改善髋关节置换术后人工假体周围早期骨量丢失.     

人工髋关节置换术后无菌性松动患者血清和假体界膜组织中IL-34 RANKL和OPG的表达水平及其临床意义

目的研究人工髋关节置换术后无菌性松动患者血清和假体界膜组织中白细胞介素-34(IL-34)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)和骨保护素(OPG)的表达水平及其临床意义。方法选择2018-10～2020-06该院因髋关节置换术后髋关节假体发生无菌性松动而需进行翻修的患者10例为研究组,另纳入同期于该院因股骨头坏死或股骨颈骨折行初次全髋关节置换术的患者10例为对照组。术前,两组均取静脉血5 ml;术中,研究组取髋臼杯周围的界膜组织,对照组取髋臼周围筋膜和关节囊组织,备用检测。比较两组组织样本和血清中IL-34、RANKL和OPG的表达情况。结果酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测结果显示,研究组血清IL-34、RANKL及OPG水平显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测结果显示,研究组组织样本IL-34、RANKL及OPG的mRNA的相对表达水平显著高于对照组,且研究组RANKL/OPG值为(1.21±0.36),对照组为(0.59±0.24),差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论人工髋关节置换术后无菌性松动患者血清和假体界膜组织中IL-34表现为高表达,其可能与RANKL、OPG共同参与了无菌性松动的发病过程。     

经后外侧改良入路半髋关节置换术结合抗骨质疏松药物应用于老年移位股骨颈骨折中的效果

目的 分析经后外侧改良入路半髋关节置换术结合抗骨质疏松药物应用于老年移位股骨颈骨折中的效果。方法 将90例老年移位股骨颈骨折患者按数字随机化法分为两组,对照组仅单纯接受经后外侧改良入路半髋关节置换术,观察组在术后经阿仑膦酸钠治疗;对比两组康复情况及骨密度等。结果 观察组术后3个月恢复优良率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着术后时间延长,评分均升高,但术后1 w、1个月两组髋关节评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3个月两组评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月观察组双侧骨密度值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3个月观察组BALP、BMP-2显著高于对照组,TRAP、CTX含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组并发症比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 老年移位股骨颈骨折患者在经后外侧改良入路半髋关节置换术后服用阿仑膦酸钠,能提高术后远期效果,增加骨密度量。     

骨水泥型与生物型假体髋关节置换术治疗老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折的疗效

目的探讨骨水泥型与生物型假体髋关节置换术治疗不稳定型老年股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法假体髋关节置换术治疗的不稳定型老年股骨颈骨折患者78例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各39例;研究组采用骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术治疗,对照组采用生物型假体髋关节置换术治疗,观察两组临床疗效,术后随访6个月患者髋关节脱位和Harris评分。结果术后1、6个月研究组优良率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组手术时间和术中出血量均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后1、6个月髋关节Harris评分均高于术前,且术后6个月高于术后1个月,研究组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术治疗不稳定型老年股骨颈骨折患者后早期髋关节功能恢复、近期疗效显著优于生物型假体髋关节置换术。     

唑来膦酸与鲑鱼降钙素治疗PKP术后骨质疏松症的疗效比较

目的比较唑来膦酸与鲑鱼降钙素治疗经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)术后骨质疏松症的疗效。方法选择郑州大学第二附属医院102例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,随机分为唑来膦酸组(n=52)和鲑鱼降钙素组(n=50)。唑来膦酸组接受PKP手术和唑来膦酸治疗,鲑鱼降钙素组接受PKP手术和鲑鱼降钙素治疗。比较两组患者术前及术后椎体骨密度(BMD)T评分、视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分、椎体高度、相邻椎体再骨折的发生率及相关并发症。结果两组患者术后椎体BMD T评分均比术前增高,且在术后6、12、24个月唑来膦酸组高于鲑鱼降钙素组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后的VAS评分、ODI评分均比术前改善,且在治疗后1、3、6个月鲑鱼降钙素组优于唑来膦酸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后的椎体高度均较术前有明显恢复,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗期间,两组之间相邻椎体再骨折的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其他相关并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PKP术后的骨质疏松症患者应用唑来膦酸的抗骨质疏松治疗效果更好,鲑鱼降钙素的镇痛效果更好。     

二膦酸盐对2型糖尿病绝经后妇女骨密度及骨生化指标的影响

目的观察二膦酸盐对2型糖尿病绝经后女性患者骨密度以及生化指标的影响。方法2型糖尿病绝经后女性骨密度减低患者55例,随机分为两组,二膦酸盐组和糖尿病对照组,分别给予二膦酸盐10mg/d、维生素B110mg/d;基础用药:钙尔奇D600mg/d,治疗1年。检测治疗前后空腹血糖(FBS)、空腹胰岛素(Ins)、糖基化血红蛋白(HbA1c)。治疗前后采用双能X线骨密度测量仪(DEXA)测量腰椎、髋部骨密度;检测血清骨钙素、尿吡啶酚/尿肌酐(尿PYD/Cr);观察新骨折发生和不良反应。结果二膦酸盐治疗组腰椎骨密度增加1.45%,髋部骨密度增加1.93%;而对照组腰椎、髋部的骨密度分别下降0.7%、2.3%;二膦酸盐治疗组血清骨钙素、尿PYD/Cr分别下降17%、24%。二膦酸盐的不良反应主要为上腹部不适。结论二膦酸盐能提高2型糖尿病绝经后女性患者骨密度;结合补充适量钙剂,是预防和治疗2型糖尿病病人绝经后骨质疏松症的重要手段。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.