2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病与血脂代谢紊乱的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2MD)合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与血脂代谢紊乱之间的关系。方法选取184例T2DM合并NAFLD患者和150例单纯T2MD患者,检测两组患者身高、体重、血糖指标、血脂指标等并进行比较;运用Logistic回归分析对T2DM合并NAFLD影响因素进行分析。结果与T2DM组比较,T2DM+NAFLD组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹C肽、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白(Apo)B、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、谷胺酰转肽酶(GGT)、血尿酸(SUA)水平均明显升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显降低(均P0.05);经Logistic回归分析发现,体重指数(BMI)、TG、HOMA-IR、ALT、SUA是T2DM合并NAFLD的危险因素。结论 T2DM合并NAFLD患者存在明显血脂代谢紊乱,同时也与BMI、SUA、胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

老年糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝与骨密度的关系及相关因素

目的探讨老年糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)与骨密度以及相关因素的关系。方法采取回顾性横断面研究筛选老年T2DM合并NAFLD患者50例为脂肪肝组,另选50例老年T2DM非脂肪肝为对照组。均按照要求测定血压、体重、身高、空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素(FINS)、C肽、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1C)、血脂全套、尿酸、计算体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI),胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI),双能X线骨密度仪测定骨矿物密度(BMD)。结果脂肪肝组体重、BMI、FINS、空腹C肽(FC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、尿酸、IRI均较对照组呈显著性增高(P0.05),而ISI、BMD较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。多元回归分析显示:在校正了年龄、BMI、代谢综合征之后,T2DM合并NAFLD与BMD显著相关。结论老年T2DM合并脂肪肝与BMD、脂代谢紊乱及胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端前肽在2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝病中的作用

目的研究在2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)患者体内血清Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)及25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]的变化及其作用。方法选取T2DM患者84例,分为(T2DM)组42例、T2DM合并NAFLD组42例及健康对照组(NC组)45例,单纯NAFLD组40例。检测各组空腹血糖(FPG)、肝功能、血脂、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、D[25-(OH)D]及血清PINP水平;计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果各组性别、年龄无显著差异(P0.05);25-(OH)D水平在T2DM组及T2DM合并NAFLD组显著降低(P0.05)。T2DM+NAFLD组PINP显著降低(P0.05)。PINP与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、25-(OH)D呈显著正相关(r=0.247、0.253,P均0.05),与体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、HbA1c、FPG、FIns、HOMA-IR、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)呈显著负相关(r=-0.164、-0.296、-0.421、-0.394、-0.162、-0.413、-0.334、-0.231,P均0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析:FPG、HbA1c、TG、TC是PINP水平的独立影响因素。二分类Logistic回归分析显示:PINP、25-(OH)D是T2DM合并NAFLD的保护因素。结论血清PINP与T2DM合并NAFLD糖脂代谢密切相关,对其发生发展起保护作用。     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者合并非酒精性脂肪肝临床分析

目的 探讨新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者发生非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的危险因素、临床特点.方法 对山西医科大学第一附属医院139例新诊断T2DM的住院患者进行回顾性分析,其中舍并NAFLD者65例,不合并NAFLD者74例.结果 2型糖尿病合并脂肪肝组与无脂肪肝组比较,体重指数(BMI)、三酰甘油(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹C肽(FCP)、餐后2 h C肽(2 h CP)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)以及24 h尿白蛋白(24 hUALB)有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);肥胖症、脂代谢紊乱、代谢综合征以及糖尿病肾病的发生率也明显增高(P<0.05或P<0.01);经Logistic回归分析,BMI、FCP和FINS是2型糖尿病并发脂肪肝的危险因素.结论 肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及脂质代谢紊乱是2型糖尿病并发脂肪肝的主要危险因素.     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病的危险因素分析

目的探讨新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者发生非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的危险因素。方法对中南大学湘雅二医院127例新诊断T2DM的住院患者进行回顾性分析,其中合并NAFLD组67例,不合并NAFLD组60例。结果与不合并NAFLD组比较,合并NAFLD的新诊断T2DM组患者的体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、血甘油三酯、血载脂蛋白-B、空腹C肽(FCP)、餐后2hC肽、血尿酸、丙氨酸转氨酶以及24h尿白蛋白(24hUALB)显著增高(P均<0.05);脂代谢紊乱、肥胖症、中心性肥胖、糖尿病肾病以及代谢综合征的发生率也明显增高(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,FCP、BMI和WHR对NAFLD的发生有显著影响(P均<0.05)。结论合并NAFLD的新诊断T2DM患者有严重的代谢紊乱;合并NAFLD的T2DM与代谢综合征有密切关系;NAFLD易发生于肥胖,特别是中心性肥胖的T2DM患者。     

2型糖尿病病人血清Cys-C水平与骨质疏松症的相关性分析

目的分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人血清胱抑素-C(Cys-C)水平与骨质疏松症的相关性。方法选取204例T2DM病人,根据骨密度测定结果分为T2DM合并骨质疏松组和T2DM合并骨量减少组和T2DM组,收集所有病人基础资料,比较Cys-C、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、Ⅰ型胶原氨基端延长肽(PⅠNP)、Ⅰ型胶原C端末端肽(β-CTX)、25-羟基维生素D[25-(OH)VD]、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素n端分子(N-MID),尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(mAlb/CRE)等。变量间采用Pearson相关性分析;采用多重线性逐元回归方法分析各指标对骨密度的影响。结果 T2DM组年龄低于T2DM合并骨质疏松组和T2DM合并骨量减低组(P0.05)。T2DM合并骨质疏松组病程较T2DM组和T2DM合并骨量减低组延长(P0.05)。T2DM组体质指数(BMI)、FPG均高于T2DM合并骨质疏松组和T2DM合并骨量减低组(P0.05)。T2DM合并骨质疏松组Cys-C含量、β-CTX、N-MID水平高于T2DM组和T2DM合并骨量减低组(P0.05),PⅠNP、25-(OH)VD浓度低于T2DM组和T2DM合并骨量减低组(P0.05),且T2DM组和T2DM合并骨量减低组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T2DM合并骨质疏松组TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平高于DM组和T2DM合并骨量减低组(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,T2DM病人Cys-C水平与β-CTX呈正相关,与骨密度、25-(OH)VD与PⅠNP呈负相关。多重线性回归分析显示:年龄、25-(OH)VD、BMI和性别为腰椎骨密度的危险影响因素。结论 T2DM合并骨质疏松病人血清Cys-C水平较高, Cys-C可能参与骨骼稳态调整,影响骨健康。     

2型糖尿病合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者骨代谢的变化

选择苏州大学附属第三医院2012年2月至2016年1月内分泌科住院行多导睡眠(PSG)监测的男性T_2DM患者共118例,其中合并OSAHS的T_2DM患者组(TO组)58例为病例组,未合并OSAHS的T_2DM患者组(DM组)60例作为对照组,分别检测血糖等,采用多导睡眠图(PSG)监测睡眠呼吸暂停指数(AHI)。结果 TO组体重指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、收缩压、舒张压、空腹C肽、三酰甘油、尿酸值显著高于DM组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TO组的骨密度显著低于DM组,而血清P1NP及β-CTX水平均显著高于DM组(P0.05)。T_2DM合并OSAHS患者的血清P1NP及β-CTX水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)均呈显著正相关,相关指数分别为(0.432,0.469,P0.05)。结论 T_2DM合并OSAHS患者血压及尿酸水平升高,糖脂代谢紊乱更严重,且骨转换率增加,骨量下降。     

老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者的高危因素及干预对策

目的探讨老年冠心病(CHD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的高危因素及干预对策。方法 2013年10月至2014年10月对该院收治的老年CHD合并T2DM的临床资料及实验室指标进行了总结和分析,并与收治的单纯CHD患者进行对比研究,以探讨老年CHD合并T2DM患者的高危因素,并采取相关干预对策,以期提高临床预防慢性疾病水平。结果观察组的体重指数(BMI)值和高血压发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。T2DM观察组患者在餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹C肽方面的生化指标明显高于对照组(P0.05);而空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。另外,观察组患者在甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及尿酸(UA)等方面的生化指标明显高于对照组(P0.05);总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析结果可知老年DM合并T2DM的相关危险因素有BMI、高血压、2 h PG、空腹C肽、TG、HDL-C及UA等。Logistic多因素分析结果显示BMI、高血压、空腹C肽、TG、HDL-C、UA等因素是老年CHD合并T2DM的危险因素。结论对于老年CHD合并T2DM患者,除了要控制血糖血压外,控制血脂和UA水平等也至关重要,注意合理饮食、加强锻炼、积极调整心理状态,从而有利于疾病的治疗与康复。     

non-HDL、RBP、SF在非酒精性脂肪肝合并2型糖尿病患者体内表达及相关性

目的分析非高密度脂蛋白(non-HDL)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、血清铁蛋白(SF)在非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者体内的表达及相关性。方法选取98例NAFLD患者,将其中合并T2DM 56例设为观察组,仅患NAFLD 42例设为对照组,比较两组年龄、性别、病程、体质指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),记录两组内脏型肥胖与铁超载例数,比较RBP和SF,并进行相关性分析。结果两组年龄、性别、病程、BMI及血压比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而观察组TC、TG、FPG、HOMA-IR水平明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组内脏型肥胖、铁超载的发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组non-HDL、SF和RBP水平差异有统计学意义(P0.01);NAFLD合并T2DM患者血清non-HDL水平与血清RBP及SF水平呈显著正相关(r=0.12,0.08;P0.05)。结论 NAFLD合并T2DM患者体内多存在较明显的胰岛素抵抗、内脏型肥胖及铁超载,联合检测non-HDL、RBP和SF指标有助于评估NAFLD并发T2DM的风险。     

T2DM合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病伴进展性肝纤维化患者血清抵抗素和TyG指数变化及其临床意义探讨

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者进展性肝纤维化的血清指标评估方法。方法 2019年3月～2022年2月青海省人民医院收治的204例T2DM合并NAFLD患者,依据NAFLD纤维化评分(NFS)诊断进展性肝纤维化。采用ELISA法检测血清抵抗素水平,常规检测空腹三酰甘油和空腹血糖,计算三酰甘油葡萄糖(TyG)指数,应用多因素Logistic回归分析影响T2DM合并NAFLD患者进展性肝纤维化发生的危险因素,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)评估血清抵抗素联合TyG指数的诊断效能。结果 在204例T2DM合并NAFLD患者中,发现存在进展性肝纤维化者31例(15.2%);进展性肝纤维化组年龄、糖尿病病程、HOMA-IR、血清抵抗素和TyG指数显著大于或长于非进展性肝纤维化组(P<0.05),而估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)则显著低于非进展性肝纤维化组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=2.901,95%CI:1.042～5.238)、血清抵抗素(OR=3.404,95%CI:1.874～9.43...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.