Intrathecal therapy with 198Au-colloid for meningosis prophylaxis

Telecobalt irradiation in combination with intrathecal (IT) methotrexate has been replaced by IT ¹⁹⁸Au-colloid and methotrexate for meningosis prophylaxis in leukemia. Seventy-seven children received 56–200 MBq ¹⁹⁸Au-colloid. The distribution was measured with a scintillation camera having a data processing facility. The radiopharmaceutical is adsorbed at the surface of the spaces with cere-brospinal fluid (CSF) 10–20 h after application. The normal retention of the administered radioactivity in the intracranial subarachnoid space (ISS) and in the spinal subarachnoid space (SSS) were 52±10% and 26±9%, respectively. An impairment of the normal distribution was observed after IT methotrexate and also postinjection CSF leakage. The calculated radiation absorbed doses in the cerebral and spinal meninges at a depth of 0.01 cm, i.e. the thickness of the pia, were 45±17 mGy and 189±91 mGy, respectively, for 1 MBq administered ¹⁹⁸Au-colloid. The dosimetry shows that an effective radiation absorbed dose of 18 Gy can be delivered to the cerebral meninges by the application of 400 MBq ¹⁹⁸Au-colloid.     

99mTc-colloid kits from the view point of the accretion in the bone marrow — with special reference to comparison with 198Au-colloid —

With 9 kinds of available ^99mTc-colloid kits for RES imaging, especially from the aspect of RES imaging of the bone marrow, observations were conducted on pH, the presence of free ^99mTcO ₄ ^- , labelling efficiency, rabbit blood clearance, the uptake in RES, urinary excretion, as well as the scintigraphy with rabbits and clinical cases. Compared to ¹⁹⁸Au-colloid, marrow to liver ratio was found to be about the same, but its uptake to the spleen and liver was greater. In particular its urinary excretion was much more marked than ¹⁹⁸Au-colloid, and in clinical use the bladder was more often delineated. This fact seems to suggest that it is desirable to develope a ^99mTc-colloid more suitable for the bone marrow scintigraphy.     

Histopathologic studies of the liver following intravenous colloidal 198Au therapy

Histologic studies of liver tissue from 27 patients given up to 395 mCi (cumulative) of intravenous colloidal 198Au showed no definite radiation injury and no correlation between hepatic abnormalities and dose. Demonstration of aggregates of colloidal gold in the Kupffer cells was inconsistent, suggesting slow removal or dispersion. Although the liver ordinarily receives the highest radiation dose, the critical organ is the marrow. Results support the recent introduction of 198Au to supplement teletherapy for certain neoplasms diffusely infiltrating the liver. Apparently the beta distribution minimizes endothelial injury in large vessels, which has been shown to be the cause of radiation hepatitis.     

射频消融治疗子宫肌瘤198例

子宫肌瘤是女性生殖系统最常见的良性肿瘤,多发生于30～50岁,以药物治疗及手术切除为主。近年来,随着超声诊断技术的发展,早期被发现者日趋增多,因而患者更趋年轻化。射频消融是一种微创手术,具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、无需住院、远期合并症少、可保留子宫、     

鞘内注射瑞芬太尼对肝缺血再灌注影响研究

目的探讨鞘内注射瑞芬太尼对肝缺血再灌注的影响。方法将成年雄性C57/6J小鼠随机分为对照组(sham组,n=3),缺血再灌注组(I/R组,n=8)及瑞芬太尼预处理组(RPC组,n=16),其中,RPC组根据瑞芬太尼的剂量再分为RPC1组(剂量为25.0μg/kg,n=8)与RPC2组(剂量为2.5μg/kg,n=8)。除sham组外,其余各组均建立肝70%缺血再灌注模型,即肝缺血45 min后再灌注2 h。检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)与天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平,观察肝组织病理改变与细胞凋亡。结果 RPC1组与RPC2组的ALT与AST均低于I/R组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。I/R组肝组织中央静脉、肝窦扩张淤血,汇管区大量炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞大量死亡,部分肝组织结构破坏;RPC2组大部分肝细胞形态完整,偶可见点状坏死,有轻微炎性细胞浸润,肝小叶结构完整。I/R组可见大量胞核棕黄色的阳性细胞分布于汇管区,染色阳性细胞比例为(5.70%±0.89%);RPC2组可见少量凋亡肝细胞分布,染色阳性细胞比例为(2.00%±0.68%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鞘内注射瑞芬太尼可减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤。