太子参和香菇多糖对果蝇寿命的影响

本实验以果蝇为实验动物模型，进行了果蝇生存实验观察。结果表明，太子参剂量０．５％能使果蝇的平均寿命延长２７．３５％和１６．５３％，最高寿命延长２２．９２％和３１．８２％。香菇多糖剂量１％能使果蝇平均寿命延长２１．５０％和１１．２４％，最高寿命延长２．０８％和２０．４５％，剂量０．５％能延长雌果蝇平均寿命２４．１７％。     

枸杞及其多糖对果蝇和小鼠寿命的影响

本文用平均寿命和最高寿命二个指标.观察了不同剂量的枸杞对不同月龄的小鼠寿命以及不同剂量的枸杞及其多糖对果蝇寿命的影响。结果表明,一定剂量的枸杞和或枸杞多糖能分别显著地提高小鼠和果蝇的平均寿命,但对二种动物的最高寿命均无明显影响。说明拘杞及其多糖具一定的抗(延绥)衰老作用。     

蚂蚁粉对果蝇寿命的影响

本文研究了蚂蚁粉对果绳寿命的响影。实验组每1ml培养基中含蚂蚁粉浓度分别为300mg和600mg。对照组为基础培养基。两组的平均寿命分别为49.7天、59.15天,与对照组相比均有显著差异;两组的最高寿命分别是74.4天和85.4天,高于对照组的64.85天,差异显著(P<0.01)。     

茶叶对果蝇寿命影响的实验研究

本文研究了红茶、花茶和绿茶对果蝇寿命的影响。实验组培养基中茶的浓度分别为5％、10％和15％;对照组用基础培养基。结果发现红茶、花茶和绿茶三组果蝇的寿命均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表明茶叶有明显延长果蝇寿命的作用,其中以红茶效果最好。     

D-核糖对果蝇抗衰老和小鼠耐缺氧时间的影响

目的 探讨D－核糖的可能的保健功能，为进一步应用积累实验数据。方法 （1）以果蝇为研究对象，观察D－核糖对果蝇寿命和性活力的影响；（2）以小鼠为动物模型，观察D－核糖对小鼠耐缺氧时间的影响。结果 一定浓度的D－核糖可显著延长果蝇的寿命和增强果蝇的性活力、提高小鼠的耐缺氧能力。结论 D－核糖可能具有一定的延缓衰老和增强耐缺氧能力的作用。     

番茄红素对黑腹果蝇抗氧化能力和寿命的影响

目的 观察番茄红素（lycopene,LP） 对黑腹果蝇抗氧化功能和寿命的影响.方法 给30 d龄果蝇饲喂番茄红素10 d后处死,测定果蝇匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD） 活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT） 活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量.结果 各番茄红素浓度组的雌蝇SOD 活性上升,雄蝇MDA 含量降低,雄蝇CAT活力升高,与对照组相比差异有显著性（ P＜ 0.05或P＜ 0.01）;2.25mg/100 g浓度组雌雄果蝇与对照组比较可延长平均寿命和平均最高寿命（ P＜ 0.05或P＜ 0.01）.结论 番茄红素可以提高果蝇的抗氧化能力,抑制脂质过氧化,延长果蝇寿命.     

鲤鱼精巢DNA对果蝇和小鼠寿命的影响

目的研究鲤鱼精巢ＤＮＡ对动物寿命的影响。方法采用黑腹果蝇和ＮＩＨ小鼠作实验对象,于果蝇培养基或小鼠饮水中掺入一定浓度的鲤鱼精巢ＤＮＡ,每天观察动物生活状况,并记录动物死亡情况,将实验结果作统计学处理并进行组间ｔ检验;绘出动物的时间－存活率曲线（即存活曲线）。结果鲤鱼精巢ＤＮＡ使果蝇和小鼠的最小寿命、半数存活时间、平均存活时间、最大寿命都得以延长;ＤＮＡ给药组动物的存活曲线越位于空白对照组动物的存活曲线的右侧。结论鲤鱼精巢ＤＮＡ可明显延长果蝇和小鼠的寿命。     

螺旋藻多糖提取工艺的改进及其抗衰老作用

目的 探讨改进螺旋藻多糖提取工艺及其抗衰老作用的研究.方法 将螺旋藻粉低温破壁,离心获取上清,通过凝胶过滤层析方法提取螺旋藻多糖,经红外光谱技术检测螺旋藻多糖提取物的成分,采用硫酸-蒽酮比色法检测提取物中螺旋藻多糖提取物的含量.经口饲喂果蝇分别为0.125％、0.250％、0.500％浓度的螺旋藻多糖提取物,观察其对果...     

翅果油对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响

目的探讨翅果油对黑腹果蝇寿命、体内SOD活力和MDA含量的影响。方法采用乙醚麻醉法,收集10h内羽化出的成虫,选择个体相近的雌雄果蝇,在不同浓度的培养基中饲养,每天定时统计果蝇死亡数,直到全部死亡。分别用NBA法和TBA法测定SOD在果蝇体内的活力和MDA在果蝇体内的含量。结果4个剂量组雌雄果蝇半数死亡时间、平均寿命、最高寿命以及果蝇体内SOD活力和MDA含量与对照组比较差异均有显著性(P<005,P<001)。结论翅果油具有延长果蝇平均寿命和最高寿命,并能提高果蝇体内SOD活力和明显降低MDA含量作用。     

肉苁蓉复盆子对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响

本文观察了肉苁蓉和复盆子对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响。实验组培养基中药物的浓度(干重)分别为5％和10％,对照组培养基不加药物。实验结果表明,实验组果蝇在半数死亡期、平均寿命和最高寿命等方面均明显长于对照组。从而说明肉苁蓉和复盆子有延缓衰老的作用。     

Mortality dynamics of density in the mediterranean fruit fly

The effects on medfly age-specific mortality of three types of densities—initial, current, and cumulative—were examined using sex-specific data from two sets of studies: (1) previous research on mortality patterns in 1.2 million individuals maintained in 167 different cages (1992 Science 258,457) and ii)density experiments using a total of 210,000 individuals contained in 49 cages and maintained at one of three initial densities—2500, 5000 and 10,000 flies/cage. A central death rate was computed for each of the 216 cages at specified numerical levels (e.g., 5000, 4000, 1000, 500, 100, and so forth), which was distributed over a range of ages. This yielded a series of mortality schedules at “equivalent current densities.” Two main results are reported. First, the leveling off and decline in mortality at the most advanced ages as observed in the original study of 1.2 million medflies cannot be explained as an artifact of declining current densities at older ages. Second, increased initial density heightened the mortality level at each age but had essentially no effect on mortality pattern. The overall methodology and many of the results are believed to be general and thus both logistical and conceptual implications for gerontology and population biology are discussed.     

A new cultivation system for studying chemical effects on the lifespan of the fruit fly

A side-by-side comparison was made between a conventional vial system and a novel bottle system for cultivating flies and testing the effect of chemical exposure on the lifespan of the flies. While the two cultivation systems yielded very similar results for the effect of DEHP (di[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate) on reducing the lifespan of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the new bottle system has many advantages over the conventional vial system. The bottle system allowed long-term cultivation of flies in the same bottle and thus eliminated the need for transferring of flies between vials. Foods/nutrients were provided as fresh moisture medium coated on a glass slide vertically hanged in the center of the bottle. Fly discharges and dead flies were collected onto a draw horizontally inserted into the bottom of the bottle. These features have resulted in great convenience for cultivating flies and reduced labor and media cost. The effective separation of food from discharge may allow accurate mass balance measurement and thus yield more definitive observations for understanding the actual role of calorie restriction (CR) or dietary-restriction (DR) in fly metabolism and longevity.     

赤芍、尼群地平对家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化病灶的消退作用

雄性大耳白兔２５只，采用免疫损伤合并高胆固醇（１％）喂饲４０天，造成动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）模型，然后随机分四组：模型组（Ｍ组）立即处死；对照组（Ｃ组）喂普通饲料；治疗组又分两组，均喂普通饲料７５天，其中尼群地平组（Ｎ组）同时每天每只口服尼群地平４０ｍｇ，赤芍组（Ｐ组）同时服赤芍煎剂（按每千克体重每天含生药１０ｇ配制）。结果：各组主动脉ＡＳ病灶面积百分比为：Ｍ组５８．１％，Ｃ组６８．１％，Ｎ组２７．５％，Ｐ１９．６％；各组冠状动脉ＡＳ病灶面积百分比分别为：Ｍ组６０．６％，Ｃ组４３．５％，Ｎ组１９；７％，Ｐ组２６．６％。提示尼群地平、赤芍可促进ＡＳ病灶的消退。     

丹参对衰老鼠脑海马神经细胞凋亡作用的研究

目的：研究丹参对衰老鼠脑海马神经细胞凋亡的作用。方法：用TUNEL法及流式细胞仪观察衰老鼠的神经细胞凋亡,并用免疫组织化学法检测相关基因表达变化。以丹参注射液干预衰老的大鼠模型,观察了丹参对衰老鼠神经细胞凋亡的作用。结果：衰老鼠海马细胞有典型的凋亡特征,与丹参组比较海马细胞的凋亡率有明显差异,衰老鼠bcl-2表达下调,bax的表达量明显增加,基因表达变化与流式细胞仪测定的细胞凋亡率一致。结论：丹参对衰老鼠的脑神经细胞凋有明显的抑制作用。     

Effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on physical function and muscle strength in older adults

Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, which is often low in older people, may be associated with improved muscle strength and physical function. However, there is a shortage of intervention trial evidence to support this. The current study examined the effect of increased FV consumption on measures of muscle strength and physical function among healthy, free-living older adults. A randomized controlled intervention study was undertaken. Eighty-three participants aged 65–85 years, habitually consuming ≤2 portions of FV/day, were randomised to continue their normal diet (≤2 portions/day), or to consume ≥5 portions of FV/day for 16 weeks. FV were delivered to all participants each week, free of charge. Compliance was monitored at baseline, 6, 12 and 16 weeks by diet history and by measuring biomarkers of micronutrient status. Grip strength was measured by a hand-held dynamometer, while lower-extremity physical function was assessed by performance-based measures. Eighty-two participants completed the intervention. The 5 portions/day group showed greater change in daily FV consumption compared to the 2 portions/day group (P < 0.001). This was reflected in significant increases in biomarkers of micronutrient status. No significant differences were evident in change in physical function between the two groups. However, there was a trend towards a greater change in grip strength in the 5 portions/day compared to the 2 portions/day group (mean change at 16 weeks ± SD, 2.04 ± 5.16 and 0.11 ± 3.26 kg, respectively, P = 0.06). Increased FV consumption may modestly increase grip strength but has no effect on physical function in healthy older adults.     

Balance between macronutrients affects life span and functional senescence in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

It has recently been demonstrated that as the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P:C) in the diet declines, life span increases in Drosophila. Here we explored how extremely low dietary ratios of protein to carbohydrate affected longevity and a selection of variables associated with functional senescence. An increase in P:C ratio from 1:57 to 1:20 shortened life span by increasing age-dependent mortality; whereas a further decline in P:C from 1:57 to 1:95 caused a modest decrease in life span. Female flies consuming the 1:20 and 1:38 diets laid more eggs than those consuming the lower P:C diets. Flies fed diets with higher ratios were more resistant to heat stress. Flies consuming the diets with lowest P:C ratios needed more time to restore activity after paralysis. Our study has therefore extended to very low P:C ratios available data demonstrating that dietary P:C ratio affects life span, fecundity and heat stress resistance, with fecundity and heat stress responses showing the opposite trend to life span.     

Natural variation in replicative and chronological life spans of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Natural variation in the lifespan of natural yeast populations has not been systematically investigated. Here, we have quantified the variation in the replicative and chronological life spans (RLS and CLS) in natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found that genotypic variation accounts for about 22% of the total variation of RLS. Strikingly, the average RLS of 14 natural isolates is about 30% longer than that of 13 laboratory strains (32 versus 21 cell divisions). As is the case for aging in mammals, there is a negative correlation between the logarithmic transformation of the initial mortality rate and the Gompertz coefficient for RLS. Thus this characteristic feature of aging is conserved from yeast to mammals. The average CLS of the natural isolates is about 7 days, significantly shorter than that of the laboratory strains. There is no correlation between RLS and CLS in natural isolates. Possible reasons for the differences between natural and laboratory strains are discussed.     

Extraordinary long life spans in fruit-feeding butterflies can provide window on evolution of life span and aging

Information on the life span of organisms in the field is essential for elucidating the evolution of life span and aging. We present mark-recapture data (>30,000 marked individuals, >4000 recaptured at least once) on 47 species of fruit-feeding butterflies in a tropical forest in Uganda. The data reveal adult life spans in the field for several species that are significantly longer than previously recorded in Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). Longevity records for species of which more than 100 individuals were recaptured ranged from 67 (Bicyclus auricruda) to 293 days (Euphaedra medon). In contrast to the majority of Lepidoptera which are short-lived, these all show exceptionally long life spans, and may thus help to better identify factors that affect aging, particularly when combined with information on temporal patterns in reproduction, strategies to avoid predation, and nutritional ecology. These key traits are readily measurable in butterflies and thus studies on fruit-feeding butterflies have much potential for gaining insight into the evolution of life span and aging, especially given the tradition of field-research on butterflies.     

下丘脑室周核内生长抑素神经元的衰老变化及牛膝抗衰老作用的实验研究

采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合图象定量分析观察下丘脑室周核内生长抑素（ＳＯＭ）神经元的衰老变化及牛膝的抗衰老作用。结果表明：室周核内ＳＯＭ神经元的细胞数和灰度值呈增龄性降低；细胞面积在９月龄呈现增大，２２月龄又趋向缩小．牛膝喂药组与同月龄大鼠相比，ＳＯＭ神经元的细胞数减少及灰度值的减少均降低，细胞面积相对较大。本实验从形态学上报示牛膝具有延缓衰老之功效。     

Biodemography of the Mediterranean fruit fly: aging, longevity and adaptation in the wild

The purpose of this paper is to summarize recent research on longevity, aging and adaptation in wild medfly populations and in a close relative of the medfly. The key findings include a new life table identity that relates age structure and the distribution of deaths in stationary populations, seasonal variation in the post-capture longevity of trapped medflies of unknown age, greater longevity of once-wild (wild-caught) adult medflies relative to never-wild (laboratory-emerged) individuals, differences in age specificity of different medfly field capture methods, large variation in the sex-specific longevity of six medfly global biotypes (e.g. Kenya; Brazil; Greece), and the extraordinary longevity of the natal fruit fly — a sister species of the medfly. The discussion contains a listing of discoveries derived from this recent research that appear to be unique to the investigations on medfly aging in the wild. It is suggested that studies of aging in wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster have the potential to exploit this model organism in an entirely new aging research domain and thus complement the already deep literature on aging in this species.