自贡市城市社区健康教育与健康促进工作管理机制探讨

[目的]探索建立与经济和社会同步发展的、有效整合和利用资源的城市社区健康教育与健康促进工作体制和机制。[方法]通过分析自贡市城市社区健康教育与健康促进工作的行政与执行部门的结构关系和工作状况,揭示城市社区健康教育与健康促进工作的组织特点和不足,提出建立新模式的原则性建议。[结果]当前城市社区健康教育与健康促进工作主要的管理缺陷表现为:①管理体系中缺乏起主导作用的核心力量;②各纵向组织间的横向联系很少;③社区健康教育与健康促进工作的作用与地位不协调。[结论]在现行体制下从3个方面健全城市社区健康教育与健康促进工作的管理:①调整相应行政管理体系,形成主导性的管理体制;②横向协调,整合资源;③完善各机构的内部管理。     

提高全民健康水平将上海建设成为现代化的健康城市

目的:建设健康城市是上海现代化的根本要求,他对支持上海经济社会和环境的发展具有重要意义.上海提出健康城市项目的目的就是要使上海各项生态环境指标和总体环境质量、卫生服务水平和人民健康水平继续保持领先水平.方法:在先期试点基础上,上海市政府在2003年9月正式公布建设“健康城市“目标,并制订了“三年行动计划“.结果:在健康城市项目建设中,上海首期提出了健康环境、健康食品等8个健康目标,并列出了104个指标.结论:上海是中国第一个提出建设“健康城市“的特大型城市,上海建设健康城市具有中国特色,在实施健康城市中社会组织与上海市民是主要力量.     

南京市江宁区居民健康知识与健康行为调查与分析

目的了解南京市江宁区开展创建健康城市后,居民健康知识的知晓率与健康行为的形成率。方法采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取江宁区18个社区,年龄在18岁以上的常住居民为调查对象,自填式问卷调查其健康基本知识、生活行为方式、健康城市常识情况。结果江宁区健康知识知晓率为72.5%,健康行为形成率为70.5%。Logistic回归分析显示,健康知识知晓率与年龄、性别、受教育程度和职业相关;健康行为形成率、健康城市知晓率与健康知识知晓率存在一定的相关性,相关系数分别为0.33和0.52。结论江宁区居民的健康知识知晓情况较好,对健康城市的相关知识了解还有待提高。     

健康促进企业和健康企业的内涵与实践辨析

<正>健康促进作为初级卫生保健的基础和公共卫生的核心职能,在我国日益得到重视。自2014年以来,一些地区按照原国家卫生计生委印发的《全民健康素养促进行动规划(2014—2020年)》开展健康促进县(区)试点,将健康促进企业纳入健康促进场所创建工作^[1,2],截至2018年仅国家级健康促进县(区)就建成1 663家健康促进企业^[1]。自2016年以来,一些地区按照全国爱国卫生运动委员会开展健康城市、健康村镇建设的工作部署,将健康企业建设纳入健康城市的健康“细胞”工程^[3,4]。     

论健康教育与健康促进并重作用在宣武区创工作中的应用

近年来 ,健康教育在创建国家卫生城市检查评比活动中 ,受到很大重视。实践证明 :健康教育与健康促进在城市创卫中顺应形势发展 ,最大限度的满足了人们对预防保健知识的需求 ,表现出人们对健康环境 ,生命质量的愿望。北京市宣武区政府和相关部门对健康教育与健康促进在创卫中的并重作用有了进一步共识。健康教育与健康促进优势互补作用是工作实施的关键健康教育是有计划、有组织、有系统和有评价的教育活动[1] 。健康促进是在组织、政治、经济、法律上提供支持环境 ,它对行为改变的作用含有命令性、约束性 ,表现更为持久[1] 。在城市创卫中 ,…     

健康城市创建之健康产业发展研究

创建健康城市是实现城市可持续发展的重要措施，发展健康产业是其重要内容之一。文章主要对健康城市创建之健康产业发展目标、原则、思路、措施与支持体系等问题进行综述。     

健康城市创建中的社区卫生服务中心作用

目的 探讨社区卫生服务中心在健康城市建设中的作用。方法 以健康城市为导向，运用SWOT矩阵分析。结果 具体阐述了社区卫生服务中心在创建健康城市的进程中所具有的优势和劣势，以及外部环境的机遇和危机。结论 社区卫生服务中心应发挥自身优势，克服劣势，以创建健康城市为契机，以健康教育和健康促进为抓手，发挥应有的作用。     

创建健康城市从社区开始

创建健康城市是WHO向世界各国倡导的全球战略行动。健康城市是由9O％以上的健康促进示范单位，健康促进学校和健康促进家庭示范户组成，那么只有增强社区的凝聚力及提高居民的健康意识，才能真正达到创建健康城市的目的。     

苏州市社区健康促进能力调查

<正>社区或场所(包括单位、企业等)是开展健康城市建设中的主要阵地,所以社区或场所的综合健康促进能力的培育是健康城市建设的成功基础。社区能力是指在某一特定社区中,能促进社区解决集体问题和改善或保持社区健康和幸福的人力资本、组织资源和社会资本的相互作用。     

发展健康城市项目的20个步骤

健康城市项目是一个非常艰巨的项目。虽然 1 5年前世界卫生组织欧洲区就已启动健康城市项目 ,但时至今日这项目的实施还存在许多问题。把健康城市的理想转化为现实需要勇气、政治承诺和有志于革新与实验。建立公共卫生工作联盟 ,寻求健康促进新的资源 ,以及发展项目的策略和工作方法 ,并把其转化为具体方案和行动必须考虑不同的文化和传统 ,这是最具挑战性的任务之一[1] 。经过多年的欧洲健康城市项目实践 ,世界卫生组织概括总结了健康城市项目发展的基本步骤。一般而言 ,健康城市项目发展分为 3个阶段 :启动 ,组织 ,行动。这 3个阶段相互交…     

健康公平性概述

健康公平性在国际上得到广泛关注,各国把消除健康不公平作为卫生改革与发展的主要目标。本文就健康公平性的内涵进行梳理,为我国健康公平性内涵和测量研究提供参考。     

The Communication Infrastructure as a Social Determinant of Health: Implications for Health Policymaking and Practice

Policy Points

• Persistent communication inequalities limit racial/ethnic minority access to life‐saving health information and make them more vulnerable to the effects of misinformation.
•  Establishing data collection systems that detect and track acute gaps in the supply and/or access of racial/ethnic minority groups to credible health information is long overdue.
• Public investments and support for minority‐serving media and community outlets are needed to close persistent gaps in access to credible health information.

     

Policy Commercializing Nonprofits in Health: The History of a Paradox From the 19th Century to the ACA

Policy Points:

• Health policy in the United States has, for more than a century, simultaneously and paradoxically incentivized the growth as well as the commercialization of nonprofit organizations in the health sector.
• This policy paradox persists during the implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010.

Context

For more than a century, policy in the United States has incentivized both expansion in the number and size of tax-exempt nonprofit organizations in the health sector and their commercialization. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) began yet another chapter in the history of this policy paradox.

Methods

This article explores the origin and persistence of the paradox using what many scholars call “interpretive social science.” This methodology prioritizes history and contingency over formal theory and methods in order to present coherent and plausible narratives of events and explanations for them. These narratives are grounded in documents generated by participants in particular events, as well as conversations with them, observing them in action, and analysis of pertinent secondary sources. The methodology achieves validity and reliability by gathering information from multiple sources and making disciplined judgments about its coherence and correspondence with reality.

Findings

A paradox with deep historical roots persists as a result of consensus about its value for both population health and the revenue of individuals and organizations in the health sector. Participants in this consensus include leaders of governance who have disagreed about many other issues. The paradox persists because of assumptions about the burden of disease and how to address it, as well as about the effects of biomedical science that is translated into professional education, practice, and the organization of services for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness.

Conclusions

The policy paradox that has incentivized the growth and commercialization of nonprofits in the health sector since the late 19th century remains influential in health policy, especially for the allocation of resources. However, aspects of the implementation of the ACA may constrain some of the effects of the paradox.     

Understanding population health terminology

Population health is a relatively new term, with no agreement about whether it refers to a concept of health or a field of study of health determinants. There is debate, sometimes heated, about whether population health and public health are identical or different. Discussions of population health involve many terms, such as outcomes, disparities, determinants, and risk factors, which may be used imprecisely, particularly across different disciplines, such as medicine, epidemiology, economics, and sociology. Nonetheless, thinking and communicating clearly about population health concepts are essential for public and private policymakers to improve the population's health and reduce disparities. This article defines and discusses many of the terms and concepts characterizing this emerging field.     

The Impact of Medical Home on Selected Children's Health Outcome

Medical Home practice has been shown to deliver effective health care to children. This practice model calls for providing patient-centered care that is compassionate, culturally effective, coordinated, integrated, safe, of high quality, and accessible. This study shows that children in the states with a higher amount of Medical Home received childhood vaccinations at a higher rate than others. However, Medical Home had a limited effect on the rate of children receiving dental/medical services, mental health services, or number of overweight children.     

Adolescent Health: Priorities for the Next Millennium

There have been dramatic changes in adolescent health status over the past decade that have resulted from successful interventions. Overall mortality rates are down 14%, and many morbidities have declined. Today we know many of the elements that reduce risk: parental caring and connectedness, parental expectations for school and parent availability all outweigh family structure, ethnicity, and income. Likewise, schools can be extremely protective when young people feel connectedness. Factors associated with successful interventions include: strengthening families; strengthening educational involvement; expanding economic opportunities; and supporting youth development, not just problem reduction. Priorities for the next decade include: establishing resiliency-building interventions; developing positive correlates of negative behaviors; establishing broader multisectorial interdisciplinary teams; and formulating a new, more inclusive framework for adolescent health and development.     

1994年全国学校卫生现状抽样调查──2000年学校卫生发展战略目标与对策研究之一

全国抽样调查561所城乡中小学校的学校卫生现状。结果表明,我国城乡中小学校的学校卫生现状具有两大特点:其一,学校卫生发展呈现出以经济发达地区城市中学领先、经济欠发达地区乡村小学明显滞后的总态势。其二,学校卫生三个维度发展不平衡,健康环境明显落后于健康服务和健康教育。