活化激酶C受体1在切应力调控血管平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

目的 探讨活化激酶C受体1（receptor for actived C kinase 1, RACK1）在内皮细胞（endothelial cells, ECs）感受切应力刺激调控血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)增殖中的作用及其机制。方法 应用平行平板流动腔系统,对联合培养的大鼠ECs和VSMCs施加1.5 Pa正常切应力（normal shear stress, NSS）和0.5 Pa低切应力（low shear stress,LowSS）,应用BrdU ELISA方法检测VSMCs增殖水平,对蛋白质组学研究发现的力学响应分子RACK1表达以及Akt磷酸化,应用Western blot技术进行检测。静态条件下,应用RNA干扰技术特异性抑制VSMCs的RACK1表达,检测其对细胞增殖和Akt磷酸化的作用。应用ECs与VSMCs隔开培养和联合培养模型,检测ECs对VSMCs的RACK1表达和Akt磷酸化水平的影响。结果 血管差异蛋白质组学的结果发现,与NSS组相比,RACK1在LowSS组血管组织的表达水平明显升高。细胞实验结果显示,LowSS诱导了与ECs联合培养的VSMCs增殖,上调VSMCs的RACK1表达和Akt磷酸化。静态条件下,特异性抑制VSMCs的RACK1表达后,VSMCs的增殖水平和Akt磷酸化水平均显著下降。与ECs联合培养VSMCs,其RACK1表达和Akt磷酸化水平较隔开培养组均上调。结论 VSMCs的RACK1表达受细胞接触与切应力的影响,并可能通过PI3K/Akt信号通路参与LowSS诱导的VSMCs增殖的调控。探讨VSMCs增殖功能变化及其力学生物学机制对于认识动脉粥样硬化等疾病发病机理和疾病防治有重要意义。     

PDGF-BB对血管平滑肌细胞表型标志物表达的影响

目的:观察血小板源性生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)增殖及分化相关基因表达的影响,探讨其可能的机制。方法:分离体外培养的SD大鼠胸腹主动脉VSMCs,分为空白对照组和不同浓度PDGF-BB处理组。分别采用MTT法、流式细胞术和伤口愈合实验检测PDGF-BB对VSMCs增殖、细胞周期和迁移活性的影响;用W estern b lotting分析检测VSMCs表型标志物的表达;用免疫沉淀和免疫共沉淀分析检测Krüppel样因子4(KLF4)磷酸化及与其它转录因子的相互作用。结果:PDGF-BB促进VSMCs增殖和迁移;上调增殖相关蛋白PCNA的表达,下调增殖抑制蛋白p27、分化相关蛋白SM22α的表达。PDGF-BB诱导KLF4的表达和磷酸化,促进KLF4与NF-κB的相互作用,抑制KLF4与Sm ad3、HDAC2的结合。结论:PDGF-BB可能通过影响KLF4磷酸化及其与不同转录调节因子的相互作用而诱导VSMCs表型转化。     

溶血磷脂酸与血管平滑肌细胞表型转化

2003年人类基因组计划的完成开辟了人类遗传学、人类病理学等研究领域的新时代,然而近年来解析人类基因组意义过程中遇到一系列的难题使人们认识到DNA序列本身并不能解释所有关于遗传信息传递、人类疾病生物学基础等问题.随着研究的深入,人们逐渐认识到不仅蛋白编码序列,而且非编码序列、表观遗传机制等也是影响遗传信息传递、疾病发生等过程中的重要因素.     

Angiogenesis-like activity of endothelial cells co-cultured with VEGF-producing smooth muscle cells

A number of strategies have been investigated to improve therapeutic vascularization of ischemic and bioengineered tissues. In these studies, we genetically modified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and formation of microvascular networks. VSMCs were virally transduced to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which acts as a chemoattractant and mitogen of endothelial cells (EC). VSMCs transduced with VEGF(165) cDNA produced significant levels of the protein (2-4 ng/10(5) cell/day). The proliferation of ECs increased after exposure to VEGF-transfected SMCs or their conditioned media. The chemotactic response of ECs to the VEGF-producing cells was explored in two in vitro systems, the modified Boyden chamber assay and a 2-D fence-style migration assay, and both demonstrated increased migration of ECs in response to VEGF-transfected cells. Furthermore, endothelial cells seeded on top of the VEGF-transfected SMCs formed capillary-like structures. These results suggest that VSMCs genetically modified to produce VEGF could be a potential delivery mechanism to enhance endothelial cell migration and subsequent capillary formation, which in turn could improve vascularization of ischemic or regenerating tissue. Furthermore, this system could potentially be used as an in vitro test bed for evaluation of novel angiogenic and anti-angiogenic compounds.     

叶酸通过下调ERK1/2信号通路抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移

目的:探讨叶酸(folic acid,FA)对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)增殖和迁移的影响及其机制。方法:取SD大鼠的主动脉,采用组织贴块法培养VSMCs,随机分组进行实验。采用CCK-8和Ed U法检测叶酸对VSMCs活力和增殖能力的影响。采用划痕实验和Transwell法检测叶酸对VSMCs迁移和侵袭的影响。采用Western blot法检测细胞增殖核抗原(PCNA)蛋白表达以及血小板源性生长因子受体(PDGFR)和细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)蛋白的磷酸化水平。结果:叶酸抑制血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)诱导的VSMCs的活力,并呈浓度依赖性(P0.05)。叶酸抑制PDGF诱导的VSMCs的迁移,并呈浓度依赖性(P0.05)。叶酸降低PCNA表达和PDGFR磷酸化水平,并抑制PDGF激活的ERK1/2信号通路。结论:叶酸降低PDGF诱导的VSMCs PCNA和p-PDGFR蛋白水平,下调ERK1/2信号通路,从而抑制VSMCs的增殖和迁移。     

IQGAP1 promotes the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle by myocardin pathway: a potential target for varicose vein

Recently, the architectural remodeling of venous vessel wall ranks as the basis of varicose veins development based on the phenotypic state of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we firstly demonstrated an obvious up-regulation of IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) in patients with varicose veins. Importantly, following stimulation with PDGF-BB for 4 h, a common inducer of phenotypic switch in VSMCs, a dramatically time-dependent increase in IQGAP1 expression was observed in human venous smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs), concomitant with the down-regulation of SMC markers [including α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), smooth muscle calponin (CNN), SM22α (SM22)], suggesting a critical function of IQGAP1 during the switch of synthetic VSMC phenotype. Further analysis ascertained that IQGAP1 overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of SMA, SM and CNN, while its silencing dramatically promoted their expression levels. Moreover, the elevated IQGAP1 enhanced cell proliferation, migration and rearrangement. Mechanism assay confirmed that IQGAP1 overexpression notably blocked myocardin levels. Importantly, after transfection with myocardin siRNA, IQGAP1 down-regulation-induced decrease in cell proliferation, migration and cell rearrangement was remarkably attenuated. Together, these results demonstrated that IQGAP1 may regulate the phenotypic switch of VSMCs by myocardin pathway, which is critical for the pathological progression of varicose vein. Therefore, this study supports a prominent insight into how IQGAP1 possesses its benefit function in varicose veins development by regulating vascular remodeling.     

Aging reduces susceptibility of vascular smooth muscle cells to H₂O₂-induced apoptosis through the down-regulation of Jagged1 expression in endothelial cells

In addition to excessive proliferation, reduced apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in aging-exaggerated neointima formation after vascular injury. Our previous studies have shown that impaired expression of Jagged1 in the endothelium may be a key event that leads to enhanced VSMC proliferation in the elderly. Here, we are the first to investigate whether the expression of Jagged1 in endothelial cells (ECs) may regulate apoptosis of VSMCs. We discovered that VSMCs co-cultured with senescent ECs exhibited decreased susceptibility to H?O?-induced apoptosis compared with those co-cultured with young ECs. Senescent ECs also displayed lower Jagged1 expression compared to young ECs, which was more evident after H?O? stimulation. Overexpression of Jagged1 in senescent ECs significantly promoted H?O?-induced apoptosis in the co-cultured VSMCs, whereas silencing Jagged1 expression in young ECs reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis in the co-cultured VSMCs. Our studies also revealed that Jagged1 expressed in ECs exerted its pro-apoptotic activity by lowering expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These results demonstrate that aging reduces the susceptibility of co-cultured VSMCs to H?O?-induced apoptosis through impaired Jagged1 expression in ECs.     

Oxygen- and glucose-deprived culture promotes cell proliferation and invasion of vascular smooth muscle cells

Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an important reason for the formation and development of many vascular remodeling diseases. In pathological conditions, necrosis of VSMCs may result in the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to stimulation of other normal smooth muscle cells, and promote the proliferation of VSMCs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oxygen- and glucose-deprived (OGD) conditioned medium on VSMC cell proliferation and invasion. Following culture of VSMCs in OGD-conditioned medium, the cell cycle distributions were remarkably altered. The number of cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased, while the number of cells in G2/M and S phase increased. The expression of cell cycle proteins D1 (Cyclin D1) in VSMCs increased correspondingly. These results suggested that after being cultured in OGD medium, VSMCs can pass through the G0/G1 phase by up-regulation of Cyclin D1 expression, and promote cell proliferation. In addition, we found that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was increased in OGD medium cultured VSMCs. Using a Transwell invasion assay, we showed that the OGD medium enhanced VSMC cell invasion. These results suggest that MMP-2 and MMP-9 degraded the basement membrane and promoted VSMC invasion. Taken together, our data demonstrate that OGD-conditioned medium can promote VSMC proliferation and invasion by up-regulating Cyclin D1 and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, which may contribute to the formation and development of vascular remodeling diseases.     

Smad通路参与ERK通路诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖的过程

目的： 探讨Smad通路是否参与细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)通路诱导血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）增殖的过程及其可能机制。方法：将人脐动脉平滑肌细胞（hUASMCs）分为对照组、血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）组、ERK阻断剂组和PDGF+ERK阻断剂组。用MTT法测hUASMCs的增殖活性(A值)，用免疫组化法测hUASMCs内细胞核增殖抗原（PCNA）、磷酸化ERK和磷酸化Smad蛋白的表达，用RT-PCR法测hUASMCs内Smad2/3 mRNA的表达。结果：PDGF组hUASMCs的增殖活性(A值)及hUASMCs内的PCNA、磷酸化ERK和磷酸化Smad2/3蛋白的表达都明显高于其它各组(P<0.01)；各组hUASMCs内Smad2/3 mRNA的表达没有差异。结论： Smad通路可在蛋白水平参与ERK通路诱导VSMCs的增殖过程。     

MicroRNA 181b promotes vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation through activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) hyperplasia is a common feature of pathologic cardiovascular event such as restenosis and atherosclerosis. The role and mechanisms of microRNAs (miRs) in VSMCs proliferation are poorly understood. Here, we report that miR-181b promotes VSMCs proliferation and migration. In an animal model, miR-181b was significantly increased in the rat carotid artery after balloon catheter injury. Delivery of miR-181b inhibitor to injured artery exhibited a marked inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. Transfection of miR-181b with “mimics” to A10 cells accelerated cell proliferation, which was accompanied by an increase of cell migration. The induction of A10 cells proliferation by miR-181b appeared to be involved in activation of S and G2/M checkpoint, concomitant with decreases in cell-cycle inhibitors p21 and p27, and increases in cell-cycle activators CDK4 and cyclinD1. In contract, miR-181b inhibition attenuated A10 cells proliferation, inhibited cell migration and arrested cell cycle transition. Moreover, forced miR-181b expression elevated the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Erk1/2, whereas inhibition of miR-181b produced the opposite effects. Additionally, inhibition of PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways with specific inhibitors, but not inhibition of JNK pathway, significantly abolished the effects of miR-181b in promoting cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate that miR-181b enhances the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways.     

Rab28相关信号通路在低切应力诱导 血管平滑肌细胞迁移中的作用

目的 研究低切应力（low shear stress, LowSS）诱导的血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMCs）迁移功能异常在动脉粥样硬化血管重建病理过程中的作用及其分子机制。 方法 应用双向凝胶电泳结合质谱分析的差异蛋白质组学方法,研究1.5 Pa正常切应力（normal shear stress, NSS）与0.5 Pa LowSS条件下培养血管组织的蛋白质差异表达谱。应用血管内皮细胞（endothelial cells, ECs）与VSMCs联合培养的平行平板流动腔系统,分别施加NSS和LowSS,Western blot检测ECs与VSMCs的Rab28表达水平以及VSMCs的磷酸化ERK表达水平;Transwell法检测VSMCs的迁移能力;RNA干扰和PD98059分别特异性抑制VSMCs的Rab28表达和ERK磷酸化,再观察VSMCs迁移能力变化。结果 血管差异蛋白质组学的结果发现,与NSS组相比,Rab28在LowSS组血管组织的表达水平明显升高。细胞实验结果显示,LowSS加载明显上调VSMCs的Rab28蛋白表达、VSMCs迁移和ERK磷酸化。静态条件下RNA干扰抑制单独培养VSMCs的Rab28表达,VSMCs迁移能力明显降低,但ERK磷酸化水平无明显变化;应用PD98059特异性抑制VSMCs的ERK磷酸化,VSMCs迁移能力和Rab28表达水平均明显降低。结论 LowSS可能通过上调VSMCs的ERK磷酸化水平引起Rab28表达水平增加,从而诱导VSMCs迁移。探讨Rab28及其相关信号通路在切应力调控VSMCs功能中的作用及其机制,可能为深入理解动脉粥样硬化血管重建疾病发病机制和寻找新的药物治疗靶点提供力学生物学依据。     

胰岛素通过活性氧的产生促进VEGF表达及血管平滑肌细胞迁移和增殖

 目的:探讨活性氧（reactive oxygen species, ROS）在胰岛素促进的血管平滑肌细胞迁移和增殖中的作用及分子机制。方法:采用原代培养的大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞,应用DCF-DA荧光探针检测细胞内ROS的生成;应用实时定量PCR、Western blotting和ELISA法检测mRNA和蛋白的表达;应用转染报告基因的方法检测基因的转录活性;划痕法测定细胞迁移;CCK-8法测定细胞增殖。结果:胰岛素处理后血管平滑肌细胞内ROS产生明显增加。过氧化氢酶和NADPH氧化酶抑制剂二亚苯基碘鎓（DPI）明显抑制胰岛素促进的ROS生成及p-Akt、p-p70S6K1和p-ERK1/2蛋白的表达。过氧化氢酶和DPI明显降低胰岛素促进的血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）的mRNA和蛋白表达及转录激活。抑制ROS产生明显抑制胰岛素刺激的血管平滑肌细胞迁移和增殖。结论: 胰岛素通过NADPH氧化酶途径促进血管平滑肌细胞ROS产生。ROS介导了胰岛素促进的Akt/p70S6K1和ERK信号通路的激活、VEGF表达及血管平滑肌细胞的迁移和增殖。     

Shear stress protects against endothelial regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration in a coculture system.

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly exposed to blood flow-induced shear stress; these forces strongly influence the behaviors of neighboring vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMC migration is a key event in vascular wall remodeling. In this study, the authors assessed the difference between VSMC migration in VSMC/EC coculture under static and shear stress conditions. Utilizing a parallel-plate coculture flow chamber system and Transwell migration assays, they demonstrated that human ECs cocultured with VSMCs under static conditions induced VSMC migration, whereas laminar shear stress (1.5 Pa, 15 dynes/cm2) applied to the EC side for 12 h significantly inhibited this process. The changes in VSMC migration is mainly dependent on the close interactions between ECs and VSMCs. Western blotting showed that there was a consistent correlation between the level of Akt phosphorylation and the efficacy of shear stress-mediated EC regulation of VSMC migration. Wortmannin and Akti significantly inhibited the EC-induced effect on VSMC Akt phosphorylation and migration. These results indicate that shear stress protects against endothelial regulation of VSMC migration, which may be an atheroprotective function on the vessel wall.     

Roles and mechanisms of MFG-E8 in vascular aging-related diseases

The aging of the vasculature plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of various vascular aging-related diseases. As endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential parts in the inner and medial layers of vessel wall, respectively, the structural and functional alterations of ECs and VSMCs are the major causes of vascular aging. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a multifunctional glycoprotein which exerts a regulatory role in the intercellular interactions involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that MFG-E8 is a novel and outstanding modulator for vascular aging via targeting at ECs and VSMCs. In this review, we will summarise the cumulative roles and mechanisms of MFG-E8 in vascular aging and vascular aging-related diseases with special emphasis on the functions of ECs and VSMCs. In addition, we also aim to focus on the promising diagnostic function as a biomarker and the potential therapeutic application of MFG-E8 in vascular aging and the clinical evaluation of vascular aging-related diseases.     

趋化素通过上调磷酸化JNK促进小鼠血管平滑肌细胞的增殖

 目的: 利用慢病毒构建趋化素基因缺陷性小鼠血管平滑肌细胞株,观察沉默趋化素基因后血管平滑肌细胞的增殖情况并探讨其机制。方法: 将正常血管平滑肌细胞、趋化素基因干扰对照血管平滑肌细胞株和趋化素基因缺陷性血管平滑肌细胞株分成正常组、增殖组、对照组和沉默组,增殖组加入血小板源性生长因子BB促进增殖,采用细胞计数和BrdU法检测血管平滑肌细胞增殖,采用Western blot检测丝裂原激活蛋白激酶( MAPK)信号通路的蛋白水平。结果: 增殖组血管平滑肌细胞的细胞数目和BrdU的A值显著高于正常组(P<0.05);与正常组相比,沉默组的血管平滑肌细胞数目和BrdU的A值显著降低(P<0.05);与此同时,对照组与正常组之间的血管平滑肌细胞增殖情况无明显差异。各组血管平滑肌细胞之间的p-ERK1/2、ERK1/2、p-p38 MAPK和p38 MAPK水平无明显变化,增殖组血管平滑肌细胞的p-JNK蛋白表达增加,而沉默组血管平滑肌细胞的p-JNK水平下降。结论: 趋化素具有促进小鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的作用,该作用可能与p-JNK表达上调相关。     

降钙素基因相关肽对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的:为阐明神经因素与平滑肌细胞增生调控之间的关系提供理论依据。方法:取人胚胎的主动脉,体外原代培养血管平滑肌细胞。实验分为联胺诱导组、联胺 降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)组、CGRP组;用细胞计数法和MTT法检测细胞增殖,RT-PCR法检测细胞周期蛋白D1、周期蛋白E mRNA的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化。结果:联胺能诱导血管平滑肌细胞的增殖。CGRP对正常血管平滑肌细胞的增殖有抑制作用,但对联胺诱导增生的血管平滑肌细胞抑制作用更明显。对周期蛋白D1 mRNA的表达有明显下调作用。结论:CGRP对血管平滑肌细胞的增殖,特别对联胺诱导增殖的下调作用更明显。     

Normal Shear Stress and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Modulate Migration of Endothelial Cells Through Histone Deacetylase 6 Activation and Tubulin Acetylation

Endothelial cells (ECs) line the innermost of the blood vessel wall and are constantly subjected to shear stress imposed by blood flow. ECs were also influenced by the neighboring vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The bidirectional communication between ECs and VSMCs modulates vascular homeostasis. In this study, the involvement of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in modulating migration of ECs co-cultured with VSMCs by the normal level of laminar shear stress (NSS) was investigated. ECs was either cultured alone or co-cultured with VSMCs under static conditions or subjected to NSS of 15 dyne/cm² by using a parallel-plate co-culture flow chamber system. It was demonstrated that both NSS and VSMCs could increase EC migration. The migration level of ECs co-cultured with VSMCs under NSS was not higher than that under the static condition. The process of EC migration regulated by VSMCs and NSS was associated with the increased expression of HDAC6 and low level of acetylated tubulin. The increase in HDAC6 expression was accompanied by a time-dependent decrease in the acetylation of tubulin in ECs co-cultured with VSMCs. Inhibition of the HDAC6 by siRNA or tributyrin, an inhibitor of HDACs, induced a parallel alteration in the migration and the acetylated tubulin of ECs co-cultured with VSMCs. It was observed by immunofluorescence staining that the acetylated tubulin was distributed mostly around the cell nucleus in ECs co-cultured with VSMCs. The results suggest that the NSS may display a protective function on the vascular homeostasis by modulating EC migration to a normal level in a VSMC-dependent manner. This modulation process involves the down-regulation of acetylated tubulin which results from increased HDAC6 activity in ECs.     

apelin-13下调caveolae可促进血管平滑肌细胞增殖

背景：结合课题组以往研究成果,提出caveolae可能参与apelin-13促血管平滑肌细胞增殖的假设。 目的：实验观察细胞膜特殊凹陷结构caveolae参与G蛋白偶联受体APJ的内源性配体apelin-13促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的作用。 方法：采用组织贴块法培养大鼠胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞,用MTT方法观察血管平滑肌细胞增殖,Western Blotting方法观察信号蛋白表达,免疫共沉淀技术检测信号分子复合物的形成。 结果与结论：①caveolae结构破坏剂β-环糊精(5 mmol/L,25 h)可明显增强apelin-13诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖。②apelin-13(0,1,2,4,8 µmol/L)刺激血管平滑肌细胞,caveolin-1的表达下调,在1 µmol/L时下调明显。③β-环糊精        (5 mmol/L)破坏caveolae后,可使apelin-13下调caveolin-1表达的作用增强。④对照组(体积分数为0.1%胎牛血清孵育)及处理组(apelin-13刺激)caveolin-1与PI3K及ERK1/2均有复合物形成,在apelin-13刺激的情况caveolin-1-PI3K复合物减少、caveolin-1-ERK1/2复合物减少,即apelin-13可能促进caveolin-1与PI3K及ERK1/2解离。结果提示细胞膜特殊凹陷结构caveolae参与apelin-13促血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用。     

山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷对血管平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移及TGFBR1信号通路活化的影响

目的:探索山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(KR)对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖、迁移及转化生长因子β受体1(TGFBR1)信号通路活化的影响。方法:将KR(10、20和40μmol/L)孵育大鼠VSMC细胞系A7R5 24 h,或将40μmol/L KR孵育A7 R5细胞24、48和72 h后,MTT法检测细胞活力,Ed U染色检测细胞增殖情况,Transwell小室实验检测细胞迁移能力的变化,Western blot检测细胞迁移相关蛋白基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)及基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)的表达;分子对接技术探索KR与TGFBR1之间的相互关系,Western blot检测TGFBR1及其下游的Smad2和Smad3的激活情况。结果 :KR剂量和时间依赖性地降低细胞活力,剂量依赖性地减少Ed U染色阳性细胞数量,降低迁移细胞数量,减少迁移相关蛋白MMP2和MMP9的表达(P0.05)。KR与TGFBR1发生分子对接的结合力为-9.804 kcal/mol,与TGBFR1的SER-280、ARG-215、ASP-290和LYS-335氨基酸残基形成氢键连接。KR剂量依赖性地降低TGFBR1及其下游Smad2和Smad3的激活(P0.05)。结论:KR能抑制VSMC的增殖和迁移,其机制可能与抑制TGFBR1信号通路相关。