自体游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管病人的护理

[目的]对自体游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管的护理进行总结.[方法]总结、分析了13例自体游离空肠移植重建下咽、颈段食管病人的护理过程.[结果]13例病人中12例恢复顺利,无护理并发症发生;1例移植肠管部分坏死.出院随访13例病人均健在.[结论]术前进行个体化的心理护理,重视肠道准备及营养支持,术后重点做好体位护理,做好生命体征及血氧饱和度监测及护理,排气、鼻饲饮食的观察与护理;气管切开、全喉切除术护理;并发症的观察及预防.     

游离空肠移植重建下咽及颈段食管的临床分析

目的探讨游离空肠修复下咽及颈段食管肿瘤切除术后组织缺损的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析采用游离空肠重建下咽颈段食管7例,为下咽癌侵及颈段食管,均行全喉、下咽及颈段食管切除。术前均行x线食管造影及胃镜检查,了解病变范围,术后复查x线食管造影。术后均补充放疗。随访7个月～24个月。结果本组7例患者移植游离空肠全部成活。1例于术后13d发现咽瘘,经换药、抗炎等处理后18d痊愈。1例患者于术后95d无明确诱因出现上消化道大出血死亡。1例患者术后5个月出现进食困难,发现胸段食管癌,放弃治疗于术后11个月死亡。5例患者随访至今游离空肠均成活良好,无吻合口狭窄及进食困难。结论以游离空肠修复下咽及颈段食管部位肿瘤切除术所致缺损,并发症较少,成功率高,恢复消化道的连续性安全可靠。     

自体游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管病人的护理

[目的]对自体游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管的护理进行总结。[方法]总结、分析了13例自体游离空肠移植重建下咽、颈段食管病人的护理过程。[结果]13例病人中12例恢复顺利，无护理并发症发生；1例移植肠管部分坏死。出院随访13例病人均健在。[结论]术前进行个体化的心理护理，重视肠道准备及营养支持，术后重点做好体位护理，做好生命体征及血氧饱和度监测及护理，排气、鼻饲饮食的观察与护理；气管切开、全喉切除术护理；并发症的观察及预防。     

游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管治疗晚期下咽癌的护理

目的：探讨游离空肠移植重建下咽和颈段食管治疗晚期下咽癌患者的护理。方法：对8例患者行游离空肠移植重建下咽和颈段食管的临床资料进行回顾性分析结果：1例游离空肠修复术后出现游离空肠坏死,7例成功修复组织缺损。2例发生咽瘘,经换药和对症处理后愈合。结论：以游离空肠移植重建下咽颈段食管是治疗下咽癌较好的选择,改善了患者的进食状况。经过实施相关护理措施,有效地促进了患者康复,提高了患者的生存质量。     

空肠移植重建颈段食管术后相关并发症的护理研究进展

自游离空肠移植代替下咽段食管切除术在我国开展以来,因其手术创伤小、并发症少、有良好的修复功能而备受青睐。本文综述了空肠移植重建颈段食管术后相关并发症的护理研究进展。认为术后护理是决定患者移植成功的关键,也是临床护士学习的重点。     

游离空肠移植重建下咽和颈段食管的护理

总结6例自体游离空肠移植重建下咽和颈段食管患者的护理。护理重点为术前做好心理护理,完善术前准备;术后严密观察病情变化,做好切口护理、体位护理、引流管护理,注重移植肠管的观察及气管造瘘护理,做好鼻饲及饮食护理,重视出院指导。经积极治疗及护理,6例患者住院20～30d,好转出院。     

下咽癌合并糖尿病侵犯颈段食管患者行多学科联合复杂手术的预见性护理

下咽癌是头颈部恶性肿瘤中较为常见的一种,好发于环状软骨后区、梨状隐窝、咽后壁等部位,易发生局部浸润和扩增,常累及食管及口咽[1-2]。目前,下咽癌侵及食管且无远处器官转移的患者仍以手术治疗为主。该手术涉及颈、胸、腹等多个部位,其风险高、创伤大,有研究显示,此类手术外科并发症发生率高达20.0%~74.3%[3]。2020年5月4日,我院收治1例下咽癌合并糖尿病侵及颈段食管的患者,成功实施了全喉全下咽颈段食管切除+游离空肠切除移植+气管造瘘+双侧颈淋巴结清扫术,围术期实施预见性护理,效果满意。现报告如下。     

小儿扁桃体摘除术120例呼吸道管理体会

2004年1月～2006年12月,我们对3例下咽癌患者行全喉、全下咽、部分颈段食管切除,颈淋巴结清扫,游离空肠修复下咽、部分颈段食管手术,经精心护理,效果满意.现将围术期护理体会报告如下.     

游离空肠修复下咽及颈段食管肿瘤切除术后组织缺损的护理

目的 探讨游离空肠修复下咽及颈段食管肿瘤切除术后组织缺损及组织瓣的监测和护理.方法 对25例患者行游离空肠修复肿瘤切除术后下咽及颈段食管组织缺损的临床资料进行回顾性分析 结果 1例游离空肠修复术后出现游离空肠坏死,24例成功修复组织缺损,经过组织辩护理、鼻饲管护理、营养支持、并发症的观察与护理,患者恢复良好.3例发生咽瘘,经换药和时症处理后愈合.结论 以游离空肠修复下咽及颈段食管部位肿瘤切除术所至缺损,改善了患者的进食状况.经过相关护理措施,显著提高了忘者的生存质量.     

移植空肠修复下咽癌颈段食管切除3例围术期护理

2004年1月～2006年12月,我们对3例下咽癌患者行全喉、全下咽、部分颈段食管切除,颈淋巴结清扫,游离空肠修复下咽、部分颈段食管手术,经精心护理,效果满意.现将围术期护理体会报告如下.     

下咽癌切除及胸大肌肌皮瓣重建下咽的围术期护理

目的:探讨下咽癌切除及胸大肌肌皮瓣重建下咽围手术期护理方法。方法:术前做好心理护理,有效的沟通交流;术后严密观察病情变化,做好颈部刀口的护理、气道护理、饮食护理,积极预防术后并发症的发生。结果:3例因发生咽瘘延期2周出院,29例皆刀口一期愈合,无术后并发症,平均住院24d。结论:对下咽癌切除及胸大肌肌皮瓣重建下咽的患者,有效的围手术期护理是保证手术成功和患者康复的重要措施。     

超声在食管癌诊断中的价值

目的 :探讨超声在食管癌诊断中的价值。方法 :用超声检查 59例食管癌患者及 60例正常人作为对照。结果 :超声对食管癌的诊断符合率为 96.6%。食管癌的管壁较对照组增厚 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,病变食管较对照组增粗 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,其颈段食管的返流行程大于对照组 (P<0 .0 1 )。根据声像图特征 ,可将食管癌分为壁厚型、腊肠型和肿块型。结论 :超声对食管癌具有重要的诊断价值。     

中上段食管癌切除后颈部吻合口瘘的原因及预防

目的探讨中上段食管切除后颈部吻合口瘘的发生原因及预防措施。方法选择我院1998年5月至2007年12月采用食管癌切除胃代食管左颈部吻合术式治疗256例,其中经左胸切除215例,经右胸切除41例。经左胸切除病例胸腔胃均经原食管床主动脉弓后间隙上提至颈部进行吻合。结果256例术后发生吻合口瘘12例,发生率为4.7%;颈部切口感染8例,发生率为3.1%;胸部切口感染3例,发生率为1.2%,均经换药治愈,无手术死亡病例。结论降低吻合口张力,保证胸腔入口主动脉弓后间隙宽畅是避免吻合口瘘发生的关键。     

Mediastinoscopic salvage esophagectomy for recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy in a previously pneumonectomized patient

We herein report a case of mediastinoscopic salvage esophagectomy for recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy in a previously pneumonectomized patient. A 66‐year‐old man with a medical history of left‐sided pneumonectomy for lung cancer was diagnosed with local recurrence of lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (cT3N0M0 cStage II) 9 years after definitive chemoradiotherapy. The mediastinoscopic cervical approach and laparoscopic transhiatal approach were combined, and the thoracic esophagus was safely mobilized to separate the esophagus from the stump of the left bronchus and to divide dense adhesions between the esophagus and fibrotic tissue at the site of the previous left mediastinal pleural resection. The esophagectomy was uneventful and followed by reconstruction with a gastric conduit via the retrosternal route. The pathological diagnosis was esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (pT3‐AD, pN1, M0, pStage III), indicating R0 resection. Even as salvage surgery, mediastinoscopic esophagectomy is a safe and curative treatment strategy for esophageal cancer patients who have previously undergone pneumonectomy.     

Head and neck cancer arising after endoscopic mucosal resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is well known that patients with head and neck cancer often have synchronous or metachronous squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. However, the prevalence of subsequent head and neck cancer in patients with early-stage esophageal cancer is still unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of metachronous head and neck cancer after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for esophageal cancer and to investigate whether minute iodine-unstained areas, often associated with squamous cell carcinomas, would be an index for metachronous head and neck cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 99 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent EMR were studied. Based on the iodine-staining pattern at initial EMR, they were categorized into those with uniform (group U) and scattered (group S) types of background mucosa. Patients were monitored endoscopically and otolaryngologically (group U, median 46 months, range 12-83 months; group S, median 44 months, range 13-80 months). RESULTS: In total, 5/99 patients (5.1 %) were found to have metachronous head and neck cancer during the follow-up, including 4/20 patients (20 %) in group S. In three cases laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer was found by endoscopic examination. The cumulative proportion of metachronous head and neck cancer-free subjects was significantly lower in group S than group U (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients who undergo EMR for esophageal carcinoma, those with scattered-type iodine staining of the background mucosa have an increased risk of metachronous head and neck cancer, and should therefore be closely observed. Careful endoscopic observation led to early detection of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.     

Proximal gastrectomy and jejunal pouch interposition: radiographic evaluation of postoperative findings

BACKGROUND: We assessed the postoperative findings of proximal gastrectomy and jejunal pouch interposition with contrast radiography. METHODS: Eleven patients with proximal gastrectomy and jejunal pouch interposition for proximal gastric carcinoma underwent contrast radiography. We evaluated the radiographic findings of the remnant stomach and interposed jejunal pouch. RESULTS: The interposed jejunal pouch showed good expansion, and the motility of the remnant gastric antrum was normal in all patients. One patient had significant lumenal narrowing of the esophageal pouch anastomotic site. Leak at the anastomotic site was not found. Reflux into the esophagus from the pouch was observed in two patients. Gastric emptying time was considerably delayed in two patients. CONCLUSION: Follow-up upper gastrointestinal series of the proximal gastrectomy and jejunal pouch interposition showed different postoperative findings. Awareness of the normal and abnormal findings is essential in the accurate postoperative evaluation of these patients.     

Barium studies in esophageal cicatricial pemphigoid

Background: Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) (benign mucous membrane pemphigoid) is a rare, blistering disease of skin and mucous membrane. The disease rarely extends to involve the esophagus, and there are only a few cases reported in the radiological literature. The aims of this study were to document the frequency of esophageal involvement and to describe the findings on upper GI barium studies. Methods: A total of 197 patients with CP were seen at our institution from 1981 to 1991. The clinical and radiological findings of these patients were reviewed and compared with findings reported in the literature. Results: Esophageal involvement was documented in seven patients. Cervical esophageal webs were found in five of the seven patients. Two patients had single esophageal webs while three had multiple webs. Frank strictures of the esophagus were also seen in five patients. These were most common in the cervical esophagus, but strictures were also found in the mid and lower esophagus. Two of the strictures resulted in significant dysphagia and required multiple endoscopic dilatations. One of the dilatations was complicated by mucosal injury, and follow-up barium examination showed dissection of the esophageal mucosa from the cervical esophagus to the esophagogastric junction. One patient demonstrated intramural pseudodiverticulosis in the cervical esophagus. Functional disturbances demonstrated on barium studies included tracheal aspiration in two patients and nasopharyngeal reflux in three. Conclusions: CP involves the esophagus in approximately 5% of cases. The hypopharynx and cervical esophagus are most commonly involved, but any portion of the esophagus may be involved, and multiple levels of involvement may be seen. Cervical esophageal webs, often multiple or complex, are the most common appearance on barium studies, but frank strictures are also found. Secondary manifestations of esophageal involvement include nasopharyngeal reflux, tracheal aspiration, and intramural pseudodiverticulosis.     

食管癌的CT扫描技术探讨

目的：提高食管癌的检出率。材料与方法；28例食管癌均经手术病理或细胞学证实，采用三种对比研究方法；（1）、低张口服造影剂前后；（2）、快速增强扫描前后；（3）、薄层扫描后多方位重建，结果：低张口服造影后，可以较清晰地显示狭窄的管腔及内壁，并有利于早期食管癌的检出；快速增强扫描有利于判断食管癌的外侵；而重建后则可多方位观察病灶的整体。结论：通过改进食管癌的CT扫描方法，可以明显提高食管癌的显示率和检出率。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期下咽癌及癌前病变的可行性研究

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期下咽癌及癌前病变的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2016年2月-2018年12月在浙江省肿瘤医院内镜科行ESD治疗的10例早期下咽癌及癌前病变患者的病例资料,评价ESD治疗的安全性及有效性。结果 10例患者共计12处下咽病变行ESD治疗,病变长径0.8?～3.0?cm,平均(1.7±0.8)cm,均一次性完整切除,整块切除率100%,ESD治疗时间20～160?min,平均(65.6±46.0)min。术后并发迟发性出血1例,呼吸困难1例,经内镜及内科保守治疗后痊愈;无穿孔、皮下气肿等并发症发生。ESD术后病理提示:低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN) 3处,高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)5处,中分化鳞状细胞癌(SCC)4处。除1例SCC基底切缘阳性追加放疗外,其余病变周切缘及基底切缘均阴性。中位随访时间21.5个月(5～39个月),1例患者并发食管入口狭窄,扩张后成功解除梗阻;无局部残留及复发转移。结论 ESD治疗早期下咽癌及癌前病变安全有效,值得临床推广应用。