胆管囊腺癌的MRI表现与病理的对照分析

目的 探讨MRI诊断胆管囊腺癌（BCAC）的价值。方法 回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的BCAC患者的MRI表现，并与病理所见对照。结果 4例单发，1例多发。5例均为囊实性肿物，2例单房、3例多房，囊内可见多个大小不等的壁结节及厚薄不均的间隔。液性部分呈均匀的长T1、长T2信号，实性部分呈稍长T1、稍长T2信号。注射钆喷替酸葡甲胺（Gd—DTPA）后，囊性部分无强化，实性部分动脉期轻度强化、门静脉期及延迟期呈中度至明显强化。MRI表现与病理所见对应良好。术前4例诊断为囊腺瘤或囊腺癌，1例诊断为胆管癌。结论 MRI能显示BCAC的特征性表现，可以做到术前正确诊断。     

Aggressive fibromatosis: MRI features with pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: We present the MRI features with pathologic correlation of aggressive fibromatosis, incorporating 203 cases over a 5-year period from the Royal Marsden Hospital Sarcoma Unit database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients had imaging available for retrospective review of which 29 had preoperative MRI and final histopathologic diagnosis of aggressive fibromatosis. RESULTS: The average age at diagnosis was 41.3 years with a female-to-male sex ratio of 1.2:1. Twenty lesions were extraabdominal; six, intraabdominal; and three, in the abdominal wall (classic desmoid). The average tumor size was 6.4 cm (range, 2.2-13.7 cm). Intraabdominal aggressive fibromatosis produced the largest tumors, averaging 9.5 cm. Most lesions were ovoid (52%) or infiltrative (34.5%) in outline with an irregular or lobulated contour (76%). The lesions crossed major fascial boundaries in 31% of cases overall and in 66% of patients referred for recurrent disease. On MRI, homogeneous isointensity or mild hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and heterogenous high signal on T2-weighted or STIR images were seen. All lesions enhanced after IV gadolinium, usually avidly. In contrast to previous reports, 38% of cases failed to show low signal on all pulse sequences and no abnormalities were seen in local bone structures. Histology showed sheets of bland spindle cells in dense collagen and did not vary with the MRI signal characteristics of the lesion. Patients referred for recurrent disease were most likely to have a recurrence after surgery. MRI and pathology findings did not predict recurrence. CONCLUSION: Accurate diagnosis and staging of aggressive fibromatosis by MRI have important treatment and prognostic implications.     

Small renal cell carcinoma: MRI with pathologic correlation

The MRI features of small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with histology in 24 patients. MRI features on both T1- and T2-weighted images were classified into hypointensity, isointensity, and hyperintensity. Each tumor was pathologically classified into four types: alveolar, papillary, tubular, and cystic. These findings were correlated with MR signal intensities. Alveolar tumors showed hypointensity to isointensity on T1-weighted image and isointensity to hyperintensity on T2-weighted image. In contrast, all papillary tumors showed hypointensity on T2-weighted image. Four of six tumors with hypointensity on T2-weighted image were caused by hemosiderin deposition, hemorrhage, and necrosis. However, there were two papillary RCCs that showed hypointensity on T2-weighted image despite no hemosiderin deposition and no hemorrhage. We conclude that papillary RCC is associated with T2-hypointense appearance as well as hemosiderin deposition, hemorrhage, and necrosis.     

Liposarcoma of soft tissue: MRI findings with pathologic correlation

 Objective. To evaluate the MRI findings of liposarcomas of different histologic types and correlate these with the histopathologic features. Design. The MR images of seven liposarcomas were reviewed retrospectively to assess the tumor size, location, margination, signal characteristics and enhancement patterns in different histologic types. Patients. Seven liposarcomas comprising three well-differentiated, two myxoid and two pleomorphic types were evaluated. Results and conclusion. All tumors showed well-defined and mostly lobulated margins. The well-differentiated liposarcomas were composed mainly of fat with septations or nodules, were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and demonstrated faint enhancement or no enhancement following intravenous contrast. Myxoid liposarcomas were homogeneous or mildly heterogeneous and a pseudocapsule was present in one case. Pleomorphic types showed a markedly heterogeneous internal structure. Both myxoid and pleomorphic lesions-showed moderate or marked heterogeneous enhancement after contrast administration. Well-differentiated liposarcomas may be differentiated from other types of the tumor by their largely lipomatous appearance. The malignancy grade increases in parallel with tumor heterogeneity and contrast enhancement.     

MRI features of cellular angiomyofibroma with pathologic correlation

Within the spectrum of extratesticular mesenchymal tumors in the scrotum and perineum lies cellular angiofibroma, also known as angiomyofibroblastoma‐like tumor, a rare lesion originally described to almost exclusively occur in the vulva, perineum, and pelvis of women. We report a case of this tumor, with an adjacent scrotal lipoma, occurring in a 60‐year‐old male who presented to our department with a firm palpable scrotal mass. To our knowledge, the MRI findings of this entity have yet to be described in the radiological literature. We present the MRI features of cellular angiofibroma that are consistent with the pathological characteristics of this entity—a benign cellular and fibrous tumor with prominent vascularity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1195–1198. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的MRI与病理对照分析

目的：描述肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（HAML）的MRI表现与病理基础,探讨MRI对该肿瘤的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析了经病理证实的8例HAML的MRI表现,术前或穿刺前诊断,并与病理所见对照。结果：8例均为单发肿块,其中5例混合型HAML术前诊断准确,1例肌瘤型和1例血管瘤型HAML分别诊断为肝腺瘤和局灶结节性增生,1例混合型HAML有明显的出血和囊变,术前误诊为恶性肿瘤。6例混合型HAML在T1和T2WI上表现为以高信号为主的混杂信号,T1WI上的高信号在用脂肪抑制后5例完全消失,1例大部分消失,部分高信号仍存在并见多囊状改变。1例肌瘤型和1例血管瘤型HAML在T1WI上呈低信号、T2WI上呈高信号。6例行多时相动态增强扫描,动态期均显著强化,门脉期和延迟期4例中度强化,2例轻度强化。5例HAML有假包膜,且在门脉期和（或）延迟期出现轻度强化。结论：MRI能显示混合型HAML的特征性表现并做出准确的术前诊断。     

Periosteal chondroid tumors: radiologic evaluation with pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the imaging features of periosteal chondroid tumors correlate with histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients (nine women and 13 men; mean age, 33 years) with pathologically proven periosteal chondroid lesions were retrospectively reviewed. The imaging modalities included conventional radiography (n = 17), CT (n = 10), and MR imaging (n = 14). The images were reviewed by two osteoradiologists, with agreement by consensus. Evaluation criteria included lesion location, mineralization, and size; periosteal reaction; and cortical response. Intramedullary extension, adjacent intramedullary edema, soft-tissue edema, and intrinsic characteristics were also evaluated on MR imaging. After the evaluation, a radiologic diagnosis of chondroma or chondrosarcoma was obtained. An experienced osteopathologist who was unaware of the patient's medical history and radiologic findings reviewed all histopathology. Agreement between the radiologic and the histopathologic diagnosis was tested using the kappa analysis. Imaging features were correlated with the pathologic findings, and a statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Using strict pathologic criteria, we diagnosed 11 chondromas and 11 chondrosarcomas (nine, grade I; two, grade II). Moderate agreement was reached between the radiologic and the pathologic diagnosis (kappa = 0.55). The size of periosteal chondrosarcomas (range, 3-14 cm; median, 4 cm) was considerably larger than the size of the chondromas (range, 1-6.5 cm; median, 2.5 cm; p < 0.05). Other imaging features did not significantly correlate with benign versus malignant disease at pathology (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A variable overlap existed in the imaging appearances of benign and malignant periosteal chondroid lesions, with size being the most reliable indicator in distinguishing the two lesions. This and the fact that histologic differentiation of the entities can be difficult, suggests that surgical wide excision may be the most appropriate procedure in treating patients with lesions greater than 3 cm.     

颅咽管瘤:MRI 和CT 表现及与病理对照

分析颅咽管瘤ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ特征,探讨影像学表现和病理间的联系,尤其是ＭＲＩ的Ｔ１高信号的产生基础,方法：ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ检查２１例颅咽管瘤患者,均经手术病理证实,囊液进行内容物的镜下分析。结论ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ相结合可以准确诊断颅咽管瘤,颅咽管瘤囊液内的高信号主要与囊液内的蛋白质有关,与胆固醇类物关系较小。     

节细胞神经瘤的CT、MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的 分析节细胞神经瘤的CT与MRI表现以及与病理的对照.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的11例节细胞神经瘤的CT与MRI表现及临床病理资料,11例全部行CT检查,其中4例同时行MRI检查.结果 11例节细胞神经瘤大小范围在3cm×4cm×4cm～6cm×7.8cm× 8.5cm之间.肿瘤形态表现为边界清楚的椭圆形肿块,亦可呈不规则形,沿冠状轴生长,可对邻近大血管包绕1/2以上.CT平扫表现为水样至肌肉样密度,多表现低密度,其内散在点状或结节状钙化,不增强或轻度增强居多.MRI T1WI为低信号,T2WI为不均匀混杂信号,但以高信号为主;动态增强扫描中,肿瘤早期不强化,并呈逐渐强化的特征,肿瘤包膜可强化.结论 节细胞神经瘤的CT与MRI表现有一定特征性,并与病理中肿瘤富含大量黏液基质呈相关性.     

妊娠滋养细胞疾病的MRI诊断及病理对照

目的:探讨妊娠滋养细胞疾病(GTD)的MRI表现及与病理改变的相关性,旨在提高对本痛的认识.方法:回顾性分析21例妊娠滋养细胞疾病患者的MRI表现、病理资料、手术所见及临床资料.结果:21例中葡萄胎9例,主要MRI表现为子宫体积增大,宫腔内有葡萄状或蜂窝状囊泡影,病变包膜完整;其中8例行增强扫描,显示囊泡无明显强化,7...     

MRI diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic diseases with pathologic correlation

目的:探讨妊娠滋养细胞疾病(GTD)的MRI表现及与病理改变的相关性,旨在提高对本痛的认识.方法:回顾性分析21例妊娠滋养细胞疾病患者的MRI表现、病理资料、手术所见及临床资料.结果:21例中葡萄胎9例,主要MRI表现为子宫体积增大,宫腔内有葡萄状或蜂窝状囊泡影,病变包膜完整;其中8例行增强扫描,显示囊泡无明显强化,7例囊泡间分隔较均匀强化,1例分隔强化欠均匀.侵袭性葡萄胎及绒毛膜癌各6例,MRI检查示宫体扩大,腔内蜂窝状或囊实性异常信号影,分隔杂乱;包膜不完整,侵犯肌层;3例合并病变内出血;12例宫腔内或肌层内血管增粗、增多;11例子宫周围血管增多、纡曲;其中5例行增强扫描,显示肿瘤内分隔及实性部分强化,囊性部分无明显强化,2例病变内有片状强化.结论:妊娠滋养细胞疾病的MRI表现具有一定特征性,MRI能较好地显示病变的内部结构、明确肿瘤范围,结合临床病史及实验室检查可以作出诊断,并可在早期提示病变的良恶性,从而指导临床制订治疗方案.     

Ovarian torsion: diagnostic features on CT and MRI with pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: The CT and MRI features of ovarian torsion are illustrated with gross pathologic correlation. Ovarian enlargement with or without an underlying mass is the finding most frequently associated with torsion, but it is nonspecific. A twisted pedicle, although not often detected on imaging, is pathognomonic when seen. Subacute ovarian hemorrhage and abnormal enhancement is usually seen, and both features show characteristic patterns on CT and MRI. Ipsilateral uterine deviation can also be seen. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic pitfalls that may mimic ovarian torsion and observations for discriminating them are discussed.     

卵巢良恶性肿瘤与MRI平扫及DWI影像表现的相关性研究

目的 探讨卵巢良恶性病变与其MRI平扫及DWI影像表现的相关性,提高定性诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析48例经手术病理证实的卵巢占位病变的MRI平扫加DWI影像表现,纳入分析指标共9项,包括年龄、单/双侧、最大径、边界、囊壁/分隔、囊实性、T1WI及T2WI信号特征、表观扩散系数(ADC),进行单因素及多因素分析.结果 48例患者中良性34例,恶性14例,其中双侧者良性8例,恶性5例,占位病变共61个.(1)单因素分析结果显示:良、恶性病变的最大径、囊壁/分隔情况、囊实性成分比例、T2 WI信号均匀性及ADC值(b=600 s/mm2)差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)多因素分析结果显示:2组变量中上述5项影响因素曲线下面积(AUC)从大到小依次是:ADC值(0.881)＞囊壁/分隔(0.764)＞最大径(0.736)＞T2信号均匀性(0.710)＞囊实性(0.695),其中ADC值价值最大,其在b=600 s/mm2时临界值为1.53×10-3 mm2/s,小于界值,提示恶性.结论 MRI平扫加DWI在卵巢肿瘤良恶性的鉴别中具有重要价值,病变ADC值小于1.53×10-3mm2/s,囊壁/分隔厚且不均,病变较大、T2WI信号等或混杂,DWI呈高信号是恶性肿瘤的有力证据,同时结合临床病史,综合评估,为临床诊治提供可靠的信息和依据.     

心脏黏液瘤MRI与手术病理对照研究

目的 通过MRI与病理对照研究探讨MRI诊断心脏黏液瘤的价值.方法 22例心脏黏液瘤均经MR检查,分析其MRI表现,并与手术病理对照.结果 22例中21例单发,其中左房12例,右房6例,左室2例,右室1例.1例多发.MRI表现:22例中19例信号欠均匀,3例信号均匀.心脏电影:18例带蒂,4例基底较宽.13例引起瓣膜狭窄或关闭不全.9例出现心功能异常.增强扫描,19例轻至中度不均匀强化,其中4例行首过灌注,时间-信号强度曲线呈锯齿状缓慢上升,延迟扫描瘤蒂及瘤壁明显强化.3例未见强化.手术:21例呈卵圆形略分叶状,1例呈葡萄串状.10例可见新鲜出血,5例见陈旧出血,14例出现坏死,2例出现囊变,4例见钙盐沉积.病理:19例见小血管或炎症细胞分布.结论 MRI在显示心脏黏液瘤大小、位置、形态,特别是评价肿瘤的组织学特征、血供及对心功能的影响,具有一定的价值.     

心脏黏液瘤MRI与手术病理对照研究

目的 通过MRI与病理对照研究探讨MRI诊断心脏黏液瘤的价值.方法 22例心脏黏液瘤均经MR检查,分析其MRI表现,并与手术病理对照.结果 22例中21例单发,其中左房12例,右房6例,左室2例,右室1例.1例多发.MRI表现:22例中19例信号欠均匀,3例信号均匀.心脏电影:18例带蒂,4例基底较宽.13例引起瓣膜狭窄或关闭不全.9例出现心功能异常.增强扫描,19例轻至中度不均匀强化,其中4例行首过灌注,时间-信号强度曲线呈锯齿状缓慢上升,延迟扫描瘤蒂及瘤壁明显强化.3例未见强化.手术:21例呈卵圆形略分叶状,1例呈葡萄串状.10例可见新鲜出血,5例见陈旧出血,14例出现坏死,2例出现囊变,4例见钙盐沉积.病理:19例见小血管或炎症细胞分布.结论 MRI在显示心脏黏液瘤大小、位置、形态,特别是评价肿瘤的组织学特征、血供及对心功能的影响,具有一定的价值.     

Nonenhancing breast malignancies on MRI: sonographic and pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic appearance and histopathologic basis of those malignancies of the breast that show non-enhancement on MRI. CONCLUSION: Breast malignancies with suspicious features on sonography may not be detected on MRI due to non-enhancement of the lesions. In such cases, we suggest the use of tissue sampling to differentiate between benign and malignant breast lesions.     

Capsular transgression of prostatic carcinoma: evaluation with transrectal US with pathologic correlation

One hundred twenty-five patients with biopsy proved clinical stage A or B prostatic carcinoma were evaluated with biplane transrectal ultrasonography (US) prior to radical prostatectomy. Sonograms were evaluated for capsular transgression of the tumor into the posterior and posterolateral aspects of the glands as manifested by local contour deformity and irregularity or interruption of the periprostatic fat echoes. Correlation of the findings at US with the findings at pathologic examination of the step sections was obtained, and the presence and depth of capsular penetration were assessed. Of the 250 halves or hemispheres of the prostate gland that were evaluated, capsular penetration was seen at pathologic examination in 86. US enabled correct identification of pericapsular tumor spread in 59 of the 86 hemispheres but did not depict pericapsular tumor spread in 27 hemispheres. Absence of pericapsular tumor spread was verified at pathologic examination in 149 of the 164 hemispheres that either did not have tumor or did not show pericapsular tumor spread. Pericapsular tumor spread was incorrectly diagnosed in 15 hemispheres. A positive US diagnosis of pericapsular tumor spread correlated moderately well with the depth of penetration demonstrated at pathologic examination. Transrectal US is an effective noninvasive procedure that demonstrates the presence of prostatic cancer.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation between gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI and pathologic findings

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To correlate the appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma on delayed (60 minutes) postcontrast T1-weighted gradient echo images with the mode of action of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) and the anatomic and pathologic characteristics of the lesions. METHODS: A total of 34 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and varying degrees of diffuse liver disease were studied. T2-weighted spin echo and T1-weighted spin echo and gradient echo images were acquired before and 60 minutes after the intravenous administration of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-BOPTA. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the images were performed and correlated with histologic findings. The quantitative evaluation, performed on T1-weighted gradient echo images, looked at the percentage increase of liver enhancement after Gd-BOPTA administration, the lesion-to-liver contrast/noise (C/N) ratio before and after Gd-BOPTA administration, and the C/N variation after Gd-BOPTA administration. Qualitative assessment considered the morphologic features of the lesions as well as the visual variation of contrast before and after Gd-BOPTA administration. Finally, a histologic evaluation was made of the degree of differentiation of the lesions and of the presence of fatty metaplasia, necrosis, bile, or intratumoral peliosis. RESULTS: Among the parameters affecting lesion identification were the extent of liver function, degree of vascularization, residual functionality of the tumor cells, and characteristics of the neoplastic tissue. Positive correlations (Spearman coefficients = 0.359 and 0.393, respectively) were observed precontrast between the degree of liver failure and the amount of contrast noise, and postcontrast between the amount of intralesional fatty metaplasia and the extent to which lesion conspicuity worsened after Gd-BOPTA administration. An inverse correlation (Spearman coefficient = -0.330) was observed between the degree of lesion differentiation and the visible appearance after Gd-BOPTA administration, with well-differentiated lesions tending toward worsened conspicuity postcontrast. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.001) was observed in the mean precontrast C/N ratio for lesions later showing unchanged conspicuity and worse conspicuity on postcontrast images, respectively. Marked variation (P = 0.019) was also observed between Child A and B cirrhotic patients for the degree of hepatic enhancement on postcontrast images. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that liver parenchyma signal intensity is influenced by the extent to which liver function is compromised, that residual hepatocytic functionality permits Gd-BOPTA uptake by certain lesions and that this uptake might subsequently impair the observed C/N ratio on delayed images, and that the worsening of lesion conspicuity on postcontrast images is influenced also by high quantities of intralesional fatty metaplasia.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的MRI与病理对照性分析

目的:研究肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的MRI表现和病理学表现及其它们的相关性。方法:回顾性分析9例经手术病理证实的FNH的MRI表现及其病理学表现。结果:FNH平扫T1WI 5例为等信号,4例为稍低信号;T2WI 3例为等信号,6例为稍高信号。7例病灶中心或偏心有瘢痕。动态增强扫描9例病灶在动脉期均呈明显均匀强化;门脉期和延迟期为轻度增强或等信号;7例病灶在延迟期出现瘢痕强化。FNH是多血供实质性肿块,肿瘤内部结构均匀,出血和坏死少见,镜下可见典型的星状瘢痕。结论:MRI平扫和动态增强扫描能够显示FNH的特征性表现,反映FNH的病理特点,提高FNH的确诊率。