娱乐场所暗娼艾滋病知识态度及行为特征的调查分析

目的了解某市娱乐场所暗娼人群艾滋病病毒(H IV)感染情况及艾滋病知识态度、行为特征,为制定预防策略和措施提供理论依据。方法对目标区域的娱乐场所按档次进行分层抽样,对抽得的娱乐场所内暗娼进行问卷调查和H IV、梅毒抗体检测。结果调查对象H IV抗体检测均为阴性;检出梅毒抗体阳性2例,年龄最小为16岁,初中文化占53.5%;首次性行为和首次从事暗娼活动的平均年龄分别为17.6岁和19.6岁。调查对象虽然对艾滋病知识有一定的了解,但对艾滋病深层认识仍很缺乏;其中一部分调查对象从不使用安全套。高档与低档娱乐场所暗娼人群在艾滋病知识、态度、性行为特征和安全套使用方面无统计学差异。结论考虑到暗娼艾滋病相关危险行为发生率高。应加强健康教育和安全套推广工作,以减少H IV经性行为传播。     

Formative Research With College Men to Inform Content and Messages for a Web-Based Sexual Violence Prevention Program

To combat the high rates of sexual violence on college campuses, prevention programming should be theoretically driven, persuasive, and salient, and should provide messages that counter negative normative beliefs supportive of sexual violence. We describe qualitative formative research that identifies themes as a means to inform messages and content for a Web-based sexual violence prevention program. To illustrate the process, we used qualitative analysis of eight focus groups (N = 48) with male undergraduates from a large urban, public, Southeastern university. Analyses focused on how men interpret sexual interest, the meaning and methods of obtaining effective consent for sex, sexual encounters that involve alcohol, barriers to and facilitators of bystander intervention, and intervening techniques. We demonstrate how positive and negative themes identified in the analysis can be incorporated into programming segments.     

Changes in Sexual Risk Behavior as Young Men Transition to Adulthood

CONTEXT: Understanding how young men’s sexual risk behaviors change during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood is important for the design and evaluation of effective strategies to reduce the transmission of HIV and other STDs. METHODS: Data from three waves of the National Survey of Adolescent Males (1988, 1991 and 1995) were used to categorize 1,880 respondents into clusters according to sexual risk behaviors. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to assess associations between clusters and rates of self‐reported STD diagnoses and positive chlamydia tests. RESULTS: Two dimensions of sexual risk‐taking defined the clusters: partner characteristics and condom use. More than 50% of men remained in low‐risk groups over time. In the first two waves, 24–32% of men reported engaging in high‐risk behaviors (risky partners, condom nonuse); these behaviors were associated with elevated levels of STD outcomes. Nearly 40% of men who entered a high‐risk group in the first two waves transitioned to a lower risk group by the third wave. Nine percent of men either engaged in increasingly risky behaviors or maintained membership in high‐risk groups; elevated STD rates characterized both trajectories. Low condom use combined with having multiple partners during adolescence was associated with elevated STD rates in the year preceding the third wave; high condom use coupled with having risky partners was not. CONCLUSIONS: The prominence of low‐risk behaviors over time suggests that most young men avoid sexual risk‐taking. Effective strategies to reduce HIV and STD risk in young men must simultaneously address multiple dimensions of sexual behavior.     

Does Yik Yak Promote Risky Health Behavior on College Campuses?

This study offers an analysis of how healthy and risky behaviors are discussed on an emerging social media platform. We sought to understand what behaviors are communicated and if they are encouraged or discouraged. We completed a content analysis of messages (n = 3,776) posted to Yik Yak captured three times a day on 4 days of the week across two separate weeks. We analyzed messages to determine the category of the behavior, an appraisal of the behavior, and normative voting feedback. Our results show that risky behaviors were discussed with greater frequency and received more user votes than healthy behaviors. Exposure to these messages could influence other students’ perceptions of norms associated with these risky behaviors. We suggest further research to determine how Yik Yak may affect normative perceptions on college campuses.     

合肥市庐阳区娱乐场所年轻女性流动人群高危性行为及影响因素分析

目的了解合肥市庐阳区娱乐场所年轻女性流动人群艾滋病性病知识水平及性行为特征,探讨该人群高危性行为的影响因素。方法采用横断面调查的方法,采取随机抽样,抽取合肥市庐阳区22家娱乐场所为调查现场,招募符合要求的调查对象。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、艾滋病性病相关知识、安全套使用知识和自我效能、近1年患性病及生殖道感染状况、流产、近6个月性行为、性伴种类及安全套使用情况。运用EpiData3．0软件建立数据库并录入资料,运用SPSS13．0软件进行统计学分析。结果共调查娱乐场所流动女性180人,艾滋病基本知识知晓率为70．6％;30．0％的调查对象报告近1年患有性病或生殖道感染,58．3％既往有过流产;最近6个月有61．7％的调查对象发生过高危性行为,多因素Logistic分析结果显示,婚姻状态为已婚、累计打工时间〉3年、首次性行为年龄≤18岁、首次性行为未使用安全套者发生高危性行为危险性增加;随着安全套正确使用知识和安全套使用效能的增加,发生高危性行为危险降低。结论合肥市庐阳区娱乐场所女性流动人群性病艾滋病知识不足,高危性行为和生殖健康问题普遍存在,因此,需要制定针对性的干预策略和措施以提高该人群的生殖健康水平。     

北京市某区14家宾馆服务人员和12家出租车司机有关艾滋病的知识、态度、信念及行为(KABP)调查

笔者于１９９１年４－６月－１９９２年２月分别调查了北京市某区１４家宾馆公共场所服务人员和北京市某区注册的１２家出租车司机有关ＡＩＤＳ的知识、态度、信念和性行为，调查方法采用匿名自填问卷方式，共调查４４８名出租车司机，男性４２４名，女性２４名，６０．９％调查对象年龄组为２５－３４岁；５６６名宾馆服务人员，其中男性占４５．６％，女性占５４．４％，６９．９％调查对象年龄组为１５－２４岁，部分调查对象对Ｈ     

阜南县娱乐场所商业性行为人群艾滋病感染状况及相关特征调查

目的了解阜南县娱乐场所商业性行为人群艾滋病病毒感染状况及艾滋病知识、态度、行为特征,为制定预防策略和措施提供依据。方法2005年5～6月对目标区域的娱乐场所内105名商业性行为人群进行匿名问卷调查和HIV、梅毒抗体检测。结果调查对象艾滋病防治知识知晓率为85.06%,主要通过电视、广播、报刊及医生等获取。调查对象从不使用安全套。在调查的105名商业性行为人群中,采血103人（98.1%）,2人（1.9%）HIV检测阳性,未发现梅毒感染。结论应加强娱乐场所商业性行为人群的健康教育和安全套推广工作,以减少HIV经性行为传播。     

Motivational and Parental Mediation Factors Related to Kenyan Adolescents’ Intake of Sexual Radio and TV Content

Research on the influence of media on youths’ sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa has focused almost entirely on the effects of multimedia health communication campaigns and edutainment programming. Scholarly literature is nearly silent about the influence of the multiple hours that young people in many sub-Saharan nations spend immersed in increasingly sex-heavy entertainment programming. We surveyed a stratified cluster sample of 437 Nairobi public high school students about motivational and parental mediation factors associated with their exposure to sexual radio and TV content. Watching sexual content in the bedroom predicted higher intake of both sexual radio and TV content. Believing that parents were successful in their efforts to limit media use predicted lower intake of both sexual radio and TV content. A friend/companion motive for watching was associated with taking in higher levels of sexual TV content. For day school students, watching sexual content in the sitting room also predicted higher levels of exposure to sexual TV content.     

Risky Sexual Behavior across Extremes of Wealth in sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

BackgroundRisky sexual behavior increases the risk of contracting sexually transmitted disease including HIV and other reproductive health problems. There have been varying assumptions and different reported result explaining the relationship between risky sexual behavior and wealth. This review was intended to examine the disparity of risky sexual behavior among the two extremes of wealth in sub-Saharan African countries.MethodThis study reviewed demographic and health survey reports of sub-Saharan African countries. We excluded older reports and reports published in languages other than English. Finally, reports from 16 countries were considered for review. Data were entered in excel and transported to stata for analysis. Metaprop and Metan command were used to compute proportions and odds ratio. Standard chi-square and I square tests were used to assess heterogeneity.ResultPooled prevalence of having multiple sexual partner ranges from 2 to 12%. Over 80% of the countries reported that more than half of the individuals did not use condom at their last risky sexual intercourse. Poorest females were 0.62 [OR: 0.62, 95% CI (0.50, 0.78)] times less likely to have multiple sexual partners than males. Both males and females from the poorest wealth quantile had higher odds of not using condom at their last risky sexual intercourse, 1.41 [OR: 1.41, 95% CI (1.29, 1.53)], 1.41 [OR: 1.46, 95% CI (1.23, 1.73)], respectively.ConclusionMultiple sexual partners is relatively low in the region. Condom non-use is high in both genders. Additionally, poorest males and females were at higher risk of not using a condom at last risky sexual intercourse.     

基于计划行为理论的女性性工作者安全套使用行为影响因素的分析

目的运用计划行为理论来探索低档娱乐场所女性性工作者(FSWs)安全套使用行为的主要影响因素,以期为今后预防艾滋病的行为干预工作提供有针对性的指导。方法按计划行为理论设计问卷,对随州和武汉地区低档场所FSWs进行调查,采用结构方程模型来分析安全套使用行为的影响因素。结果行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对于行为意向的总体影响分别为0.517、0.127和0.086。知觉行为控制、行为意向、行为态度、主观规范对于行为的总体影响分别为0.654、0.183、0.095和0.023。结论行为态度是影响FSWs安全套使用行为意向的最主要因素。知觉行为控制相比行为意向对FSWs人群安全套使用行为的影响更大。     

Original Research: AIDS Educational Videos for Gay and Bisexual Men: A Content Analysis

Objective: To systematically describe the content of AIDS educational videos targeting gay and bisexual men, and to compare it to the content of videos for heterosexual African American and Latino audiences. Design: AIDS videos targeting gay/bisexual men (n = 35), heterosexual African Americans (n = 14), and heterosexual Latinos (n = 25) were coded for the presence or absence of messages identified by various theoretical models as relevant to HIV education and risk reduction. Results and Conclusions: Videos targeting gay and bisexual men typically emphasized sexual risk reduction techniques, whereas videos for heterosexual minority viewers were more likely to provide information about HIV transmission and audience members' vulnerability to AIDS. Despite their focus on reducing personal risk, most gay/bisexual videos did not depict partner negotiation for safer sex, reinforce the perception that social norms favor sexual risk reduction, or eroticize safer sex practices. Suggestions are offered for future research and for production of AIDS educational videos.     

安全套使用项目对降低我国艾滋病性病传播的作用及其可行性研究

目的探索在中国实施娱乐场所100％安全套使用项目的有效性和可行性。方法采用非概率抽样法选择武汉市黄陂区木兰镇和前川镇，对性服务娱乐场所中所有女性性工作者实施现场干预流行病学研究，分干预前和干预后第3、6、9个月共4次，进行包括安全套使用情况等内容的面对面问卷访谈和艾滋病、衣原体血清学检验。结果共352人次接受本次调查，未发现艾滋病毒阳性感染者。研究对象安全套坚持使用率由干预前的32．86％逐步上升至干预后的第3、6、9个月分别为50．00％、63．22％和69．09％，干预前后差异有统计学意义（x^2=5．558，P〈0．05）。坚持使用安全套与未坚持和从不使用安全套的研究对象，其衣原体感染率差异有统计学意义（x^2=248．72，P〈0．01），从不使用安全套感染衣原体的危险性是坚持使用者的10．91倍。使用安全套预防性传播疾病的总有效性为85．82％。结论坚持正确使用安全套能有效减少性传播疾病的发病率；通过有效的政策倡导，在我国现行的法律政策范围内可以开展娱乐场所100％安全套使用项目。     

Assessment of Sexual Behavior,Sexual Attitudes,and Sexual Risk in Sweden (1989–2003)

To assess changes in sexual behavior, sexual attitudes, and sexual risk related to HIV, we conducted mailed questionnaire surveys in random samples of the Swedish general population in 1989, 1994, 1997, 2000, and 2003 (total N = 13,762). Each sample consisted of 4,000–6,000 subjects aged 16–44 years, stratified by age: 16–17, 18–19, 20–24, 25–34, and 35–44 years. The overall participation rate was 63.8% (for men, 55.9%; for women, 71.9%). The prevalence of three or more sexual partners and casual sexual contacts without the use of a condom was comparatively high for men, for persons aged 16–24 years, single persons with and without a regular partner, and persons living in towns and urban areas. The prevalence of multiple sexual partners and casual sexual contacts increased significantly over time. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of participants who agreed with the statement Sexual intercourse should only take place in a stable relationship. Personal risk assessments related to HIV did not change significantly over time. The study shows that risky sexual behavior related to HIV/AIDS increased in the Swedish population between 1989 and 2003, and that attitudes concerning casual sexual relations became more permissive.     

云南省2016年独龙族农村成年居民艾滋病知识、相关行为及HIV感染现况调查

目的 了解云南省独龙族农村成年居民艾滋病相关行为、艾滋病知识知晓率及HIV感染现况,为制定少数民族艾滋病干预策略提供依据。方法 采用系统抽样,对云南省独龙族的聚居地云南省怒江傈僳族自治州贡山独龙族怒族自治县（贡山县）独龙江乡6个行政村农村成年居民进行横断面调查,并用系统抽样样本估算为383人,通过一对一入户调查并进行HIV抗体检测,收集相关信息,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 共调查400人,有效问卷394份。调查对象年龄18~65（34.39±9.74）岁,已婚者占80.7%（318/394）,小学以下文化程度占54.0%（213/394）,外出打工者占13.2%（52/394）。HIV感染率为0.5%（2/400）,均为外出打工经性传播感染。艾滋病知识知晓率为69.8%（275/394）,知识来源主要是免费宣传材料50.0%（197/394）。婚前性行为发生率为6.4%（60/366）、最近1年多性伴行为发生率为18.0%（66/366）、最近1年临时性行为发生率为5.7%（21/366）、最近1年商业性行为发生率为1.9%（7/366）。最近1次性行为安全套使用率为8.0%（25/311）。结论 独龙族农村成年居民存在少数HIV感染者,感染原因主要是外出打工经性行为感染。独龙族农村居民近年外出打工现象增多,存在艾滋病知识知晓率不高、高危性行为发生率较高、安全套使用率较低的问题。应加强艾滋病知识教育、提高安全套使用率等干预服务。     

克拉玛依市娱乐场所性服务人员性传播疾病/艾滋病危险行为调查

[目的]掌握克拉玛依市娱乐场所服务小姐性传播疾病/艾滋病(STD/AIDS)危险性行为特征和影响因素.[方法]对克拉玛依市所属辖区所有娱乐场所和出租屋以及路边小店里的服务小姐进行一对一调查.[结果]755名服务小姐AIDS知识平均知晓率为70.97%.最近一次与客人发生性行为使用安全套的占68.34%.曾自愿做过艾滋病病毒(HIV)检查的占32.98%,HIV感染率为0.13%.有过静脉吸毒行为的占0.40%.[结论]服务小姐对AIDS知识认识少,且未充分认识AIDS的危害.应长期广泛开展AIDS相关防治知识的健康教育.     

成都市男男性行为人群涉药性行为聚类分析及其对高危性行为的影响

目的了解成都市MSM涉药性行为(SDU)特征及应用二阶聚类算法对其行为模式进行分类, 并探索SDU与HIV高危性行为的关联, 为制定预防艾滋病干预措施提供参考依据。方法 2021年12月至2022年2月依托成都市MSM社会组织开展横断面调查, 通过现场调查和同伴推荐招募MSM, 收集社会人口学、SDU特征、性行为情况、STD诊断史和HIV感染等信息。对7项SDU特征进行二阶聚类分析, 进一步采用单因素χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析SDU聚类模式与高危性行为的关联。结果共调查MSM 727人, 近6个月SDU报告率为39.8%(289/727)。二阶聚类将报告SDU的MSM(SDU-MSM)聚成三类, 单因素分析结果显示, 三类MSM在月均收入、SDU所使用毒品类型、毒品使用方式、SDU频率、多种毒品或与药品混用、不坚持使用安全套和群交等变量间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示, 第三类报告SDU-MSM不坚持使用安全套的可能性是第一类的2.22(95%CI:1.06～4.66)倍;第三类和第二类报告SDU-MSM发生群交的可能性...     

2006—2011年北京市密云县女性性服务者艾滋病监测分析

目的了解北京市密云县娱乐场所女性性服务者艾滋病知识知晓情况及行为状况,为有针对性地开展行为干预及健康教育提供依据。方法参照《全国艾滋病监测工作规范》,对娱乐场所女性性服务者采取匿名问卷调查,并采集静脉血进行HIV抗体及梅毒抗体检测。结果 2006—2011年间共监测娱乐场所女性性服务者677人,监测对象以未婚和离异的性活跃期女性为主,96.0%为外地户籍,初中及以下文化程度的占67.7%,艾滋病知识知晓率为84.2%,3种传播途径知晓情况高于非传播途径知晓率,最近1个月与客人发生性行为时每次都用安全套的占43.1%。HIV抗体阳性检出率为0.1%,梅毒抗体阳性检出率为6.6%。结论加强对娱乐场所女性性服务者健康教育和行为干预,推广100%使用安全套,以降低艾滋病、性病的感染及传播。