肿瘤负荷对胃癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的探讨胃癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞、单核细胞的表面分子变化及Th1／Th2的漂移,并分析肿瘤负荷对胃癌患者的免疫功能的影响。方法选取胃癌患者30例及同期体检的健康志愿者30例,采用流式细胞仪检测和分析外周血T淋巴细胞、单核细胞的表面分子及Th1／Th2细胞因子的变化。结果T淋巴细胞中CD3^＋、CD4^＋28^＋／CD3^＋、CD8^＋28^＋／CD3^＋水平均低于对照组（P〈0．01）;CD8^＋3^＋,CD28^-较正常组升高（P〈0．01）;单核细胞的表面分子CD40与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但是CD80与CD86均相对于正常水平降低（P〈0．01）;Th1细胞因子（IL-2、IFN-γ）降低（P〈0．01）;Th2细胞因子（IL-4、IL-10）的表达较正常组升高（P〈0．01）。结论胃癌患者的免疫功能受损,胃癌的发病可能与免疫功能低下有一定关系;Th1／Th2失衡,表明肿瘤细胞出现免疫逃避与胃癌的发展可能也有关系。     

桐油联合阿维A酸对银屑病的疗效及其对IL-23/Th17信号通路的影响

目的 观察桐油联合阿维A酸对轻、中度寻常型银屑病的疗效及其对IL-23/Th17信号通路的影响。方法 将196例寻常型银屑病患者随机分为桐油组及对照组,每组98例,对照组患者均给予阿维A酸联合窄谱中波紫外线（NB-UVB）治疗,桐油组患者在对照组治疗基础上给予桐油外敷。以银屑病皮损面积和严重程度指数（psoriasis area and severity index,PASI）评价桐油组及对照组疗效。酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）检测治疗前后2组皮损组织中IL-17、IL-22、TNF-α和IL-23水平变化。免疫组织化学法分析治疗前后2组皮损组织中Th17细胞含量变化。结果 桐油组的总有效率（94.90%）显著高于对照组（76.53%）（P<0.05）。与治疗前相比,治疗后2组PASI评分均显著降低（P<0.01）,且治疗后桐油组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。与治疗前相比,治疗后2组皮损中IL-23、IL-17、IL-22和TNF-α水平均显著降低（P<0.05）,且治疗后桐油组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后2组患者皮损组织中Th17细胞百分比显著低于治疗前,且桐油组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。桐油组不良反应发生率（14.29%）略高低于对照组（10.20%）,但差异不具有统计学意义。结论 桐油外敷联合阿维A酸治疗轻、中度寻常型银屑病有较好的疗效,其机制可能与抑制患者皮损组织中IL-23/Th17信号通路的活性有关。     

高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌的诊断分析

目的：探讨高频彩色多普勒超声在诊断乳腺癌中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析38例乳腺癌高频彩色多普勒超声诊断的二维图像及彩色血流特征,并与手术及病理对照。结果：高频超声对乳腺癌诊断准确率为81.58%,与文献报道一致。结论：高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌具有重要的诊断价值,是诊断乳腺肿块的首选检查方法。     

乳腺癌干细胞RNA-DCs疫苗诱导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤免疫应答

目的制备负载乳腺癌干细胞RNA的树突状细胞(DCs)疫苗,研究其诱导的特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)的抗肿瘤免疫反应。方法采用细胞毒性试剂盒检测2种乳腺癌干细胞疫苗[(A组,CD44+CD24-+MCF-7-CTLs)、(B组,MCF-7-CTLs)]和DC-CTLs(C组)的体外细胞杀伤能力。取24只小鼠均分为四组:A1组皮下接种活化的A组疫苗+MCF-7乳腺癌细胞;B1组接种活化的B组疫苗+MCF-7乳腺癌细胞;C1组皮下注射活化的DCs-CTLs+MCF-7乳腺癌细胞;D1组单用MCF-7乳腺癌细胞作为对照。分析裸鼠接种后肿瘤在体内的生长情况。结果体外对CD44+CD24-+MCF-7乳腺癌细胞杀伤能力强度:A组>B组>C组(P<0.05)。体外对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞杀伤能力强度:B组>A组>C组(P<0.05)。在体成瘤实验显示,B1组和A1组的成瘤时间分别为第7周和第6周,明显长于D1组(第1周)和C1组(第2周)(P<0.05)。结论 CD44+CD24-乳腺癌干细胞RNA-DCs疫苗诱导的CTLs能够产生特异性免疫应答,从而抑制乳腺癌细胞成瘤。     

分泌型卷曲相关蛋白 1通过 MAPK/ERK信号通路抑制结直肠癌细胞的迁移侵袭

目的探讨分泌型卷曲相关蛋白 1(SFRP1)对结直肠癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响机制。方法本研究起止时间 2018年 11月至 2019年 6月。运用实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应( qRT-PCR)检测正常结肠上皮细胞 HCoEpiC、人结直肠癌细胞 HCT8、SW480、RKO中 SFRP1的 mRNA表达;将 pcDNA 3.1组(转染 pcDNA 3.1)pcDNA 3.1-SFRP1组(转染 pcDNA 3.1-SFRP1)、 pcDNA 3.1-SFRP1+DMSO组［转染 pcDNA 3.1-SFRP1,再用二甲基亚砜( DMSO)处、理］、 pcDNA 3.1-SFRP1+IGF组［转染 pcDNA 3.1-SFRP1,再用丝裂原活化蛋白激酶( MAPK)/细胞外信号调节激酶( ERK)信号通路激活剂( IGF1)处理］均用脂质体法转染至 HCT8细胞。蛋白质印迹法( Western blotting)检测细胞中 SFRP1、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、纤维黏连蛋白(FN)、,基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP-9)、 N-钙黏蛋白( N-cadherin)、上皮钙黏蛋白( E-cadherin)、 MAPK/ERK信号通路关键基因( Ras)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、细胞外信号调节激酶 1/2(ERK1/2)、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶 1/2(p-ERK1/2)、细胞外信号调节激酶( ERK)的蛋白表达;迁徙实验( Transwell)检测细胞的迁移侵袭。结果与正常结肠上皮细胞 HCoEpiC相比,人结直肠癌细胞 HCT8、SW480、 RKO中 SFRP1的表达显著降低［mRNA(1.00±0.06)比( 0.36±0.03)、(0.62±0.05)、(0.59±0.05);蛋白( 1.00±0.04)比( 0.24±0.02)、(0.48±0.04)、(0.47±0.04)均 P<0.05］。过表达 SFRP1可抑制 HCT8细胞的迁移( 120±11)比( 65±6)和侵袭( 98±8)比( 47±4)并下调Vimentin(0.96±0.05)比,(0.23±0.02)、FN(1.00±0.07)比(0.51±0.04)、MMP-9(0.98±0.08)比(0.35±0.03)、N-cadherin(1.01±0.09)比(0.43±0.04)上调 E-cadherin(0.99±0.06)比( 3.71±0.27)抑制 MAPK/ERK信号通路关键蛋白 Ras(0.97±0.07)比( 0.34±0.03)、mTOR(1.03±0.07)比(0.42±0.04)、 p-ERK1/2(0.98±0.08)比(0.29±0.03)和 ERK(1.01±0.06)比( 0.31±0.03)的表达。激活 MAPK/ERK信号通路可逆转过表达 SFRP1对结直肠癌细胞迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。结论 SFRP1可抑制结直肠癌细胞的迁移和侵袭,其机制可能与失活 MAPK/ERK信号通路相关,将可为 SFRP1用于结直肠癌的治疗提供依据。     

Excess salt intake promotes M1 microglia polarization via a p38/MAPK/AR-dependent pathway after cerebral ischemia in mice

A high salt diet (HSD) is among the most important risk factors for many diseases. One mechanism by which HSD aggravates cerebral ischemic injury is independent of blood pressure changes. The direct role of HSD in inflammation after cerebral ischemia is unclear. In this research, after twenty-one days of being fed a high salt diet, permanent focal ischemia was induced in mice via operation. At 12 h and 1, 3 and 5 days postischemia, the effects of HSD on the lesion volume, microglia polarization, aldose reductase (AR) expression, and inflammatory processes were analyzed. We report that in mice, surplus dietary salt promotes inflammation and increases the activation of classical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia/macrophages (M1). This effect depends on the expression of the AR protein in activated microglia after permanent middle cerebral artery ligation (pMCAL) in HSD mice. The administration of either the AR inhibitor Epalrestat or a p38-neutralizing antibody blocked the polarization of microglia and alleviated stroke injury.In conclusion, HSD promotes polarization in pro-inflammatory M1 microglia by upregulating the expression of the AR protein via p38/MAPK, thereby exacerbating the development of ischemia stroke.     

Effective attenuation of acute lung injury in vivo and the formyl peptide-induced neutrophil activation in vitro by CYL-26z through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma pathway

5-[4-Acridin-9-ylamino]phenyl]-5-methyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2-one (CYL-26z) inhibited the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration and protein leakage into the lungs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice as determined on the basis of PMNL and protein contents in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and myeloperoxidase (MPO) content in whole lung extracts. CYL-26z also attenuated the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and respiratory burst in vitro (IC(50) 8.4+/-0.9microM and 2.0+/-0.6microM, respectively). CYL-26z had no effect on superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation during dihydroxyfumaric acid autoxidation or on the NADPH oxidase activity in two cell-free systems (the arachidonic acid-induced assembly of NADPH oxidase and the preassembled oxidase caused by phorbol ester treatment), whereas it inhibited NaF-induced respiratory burst. Inhibition of respiratory burst by CYL-26z was readily reversible by washing. Only slight, but significant, inhibition of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in response to fMLP by CYL-26z up to 30microM was obtained. CYL-26z effectively blocked the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)) as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assays and the dual phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) on S473 and T308 residues in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils. The membrane recruitment of p110gamma and Ras, the Ras activation, and the association between p110gamma and Ras were also attenuated by CYL-26z. These results indicate that the blockade of Ras activation by CYL-26z attenuated the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) gamma signaling, which is involved in chemoattractant-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and respiratory burst, and may have a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect on ALI.     

UDP-glucose acting at P2Y14 receptors is a mediator of mast cell degranulation

UDP-glucose (UDPG), a glycosyl donor in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, is an endogenous agonist of the G protein-coupled P2Y₁₄ receptor. RBL-2H3 mast cells endogenously express a P2Y₁₄ receptor at which UDPG mediates degranulation as indicated by β-hexosaminidase (HEX) release. Both UDPG and a more potent, selective 2-thio-modified UDPG analog, MRS2690 (diphosphoric acid 1-α-d-glucopyranosyl ester 2-[(2-thio)uridin-5″-yl] ester), caused a substantial calcium transient in RBL-2H3 cells, which was blocked by pertussis toxin, indicating the presence of the G_i-coupled P2Y₁₄ receptor, supported also by quantitative detection of abundant mRNA. Expression of the closely related P2Y₆ receptor was over 100 times lower than the P2Y₁₄ receptor, and the P2Y₆ agonist 3-phenacyl-UDP was inactive in RBL-2H3 cells. P2Y₁₄ receptor agonists also induced [³⁵S]GTPγS binding to RBL-2H3 cell membranes, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P38 and JNK. UDPG and MRS2690 concentration-dependently enhanced HEX release with EC₅₀ values of 1150 ± 320 and 103 ± 18 nM, respectively. The enhancement was completely blocked by pertussis toxin and significantly diminished by P2Y₁₄ receptor-specific siRNA. Thus, mast cells express an endogenous P2Y₁₄ receptor, which mediates G_i-dependent degranulation and is therefore a potential novel therapeutic target for allergic conditions.