地塞米松对早期脓毒症大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用研究

目的 观察地塞米松对早期脓毒症大鼠急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)的保护作用.方法 将雄性大鼠随机分为3组:生理盐水组(N组)、脂多糖组(L组)、脂多糖+地塞米松组(LD组).各组大鼠于造模后4h麻醉处死,行动脉血气分析,测定肺组织湿/干质量比值(W/D),用RT-PCR法检测肺组织水通道蛋白1(aquaporin 1,AQP1 )mRNA表达水平.结果 与L组比较,LD组大鼠肺组织湿/千质量比明显降低,AQP1 mRNA表达水平升高,动脉血气改善.结论 地塞米松对早期脓毒症大鼠ALI有保护作用,该作用与上调肺AQP1 mRNA表达水平有关.     

Emodin attenuates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury by suppressing pancreatic exosome-mediated alveolar macrophage activation

Severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (SAP-ALI) is a serious disease associated with high mortality. Emodin has been applied to alleviate SAP-ALI; however, the mechanism remains unclear. We report that the therapeutic role of emodin in attenuating SAP-ALI is partly dependent on an exosomal mechanism. SAP rats had increased levels of plasma exosomes with altered protein contents compared to the sham rats. These infused plasma exosomes tended to accumulate in the lungs and promoted the hyper-activation of alveolar macrophages and inflammatory damage. Conversely, emodin treatment decreased the plasma/pancreatic exosome levels in the SAP rats. Emodin-primed exosomes showed less pro-inflammatory effects in alveolar macrophages and lung tissues than SAP exosomes. In detail, emodin-primed exosomes suppressed the NF-κB pathway to reduce the activation of alveolar macrophage and ameliorate lung inflammation by regulating PPARγ pathway, while these effects were amplified/abolished by PPARγ agonist/antagonist. Blockage of pancreatic acinar cell exosome biogenesis also exhibited suppression of alveolar macrophage activation and reduction of lung inflammation. This study suggests a vital role of exosomes in participating inflammation-associated organ-injury, and indicates emodin can attenuate SAP-ALI by reducing the pancreatic exosome-mediated alveolar macrophage activation.     

Endothelial pathomechanisms in acute lung injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe extreme the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refer to increased-permeability pulmonary edema caused by a variety of pulmonary or systemic insults. ALI and in particular ARDS, are usually accompanied by refractory hypoxemia and the need for mechanical ventilation. In most cases, an exaggerated inflammatory and pro-thrombotic reaction to an initial stimulus, such as systemic infection, elicits disruption of the alveolo-capillary membrane and vascular fluid leak. The pulmonary endothelium is a major metabolic organ promoting adequate pulmonary and systemic vascular homeostasis, and a main target of circulating cells and humoral mediators under injury; pulmonary endothelium is therefore critically involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. In this review we will discuss mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and edema generation in the lung with special emphasis on the interplay between the endothelium, the immune and hemostatic systems, and highlight how these principles apply in the context of defined disorders and specific insults implicated in ALI pathogenesis.     

甘草黄酮对脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠的保护作用

【】目的 探讨甘草黄酮对脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠的保护作用。方法 制作脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠模60只,将大鼠随机分为甘草黄酮组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),甘草黄酮组给予10mg/kg甘草黄酮治疗,对照组给予等剂量生理盐水。主要观察指标为两组大鼠48小时死亡率、氧分压、二氧化碳分压、pH、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α。结果 两组大鼠术前及术后1小时、氧分压、二氧化碳分压、pH、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但与对照组比较,甘草黄酮组大鼠术后24小时甘草黄酮组大鼠氧分压显著增高 (71.3±11.2 vs. 55.2±9.4 mmHg, P=0.000);二氧化碳分压显著降低(39.6±9.4 vs. 54.5±12.6 mmHg, P=0.000);pH显著增高(7.31±0.17 vs. 7.11±0.08, P=0.018);IL-1显著降低(0.34±0.13 vs. 0.62±0.21 ng/ml, P=0.000);IL-6显著降低(180±56 vs. 390±121 pg/ml, P=0.000);TNF-α显著降低(2.23±1.09 vs. 5.32±1.43 ng/ml, P=0.000);术后48小时死亡率显著降低(13.33% vs. 43.33%, P=0.010)。结论 甘草黄酮显著改善了脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠肺通气功能,降低了大鼠全身炎症反应和术后48小时死亡率。     

Isoforskolin pretreatment attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in animal models

Isoforskolin was isolated from Coleus forskohlii native to Yunnan in China. We hypothesize that isoforskolin pretreatment attenuates acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). Three acute lung injury models were used: situ perfused rat lung, rat and mouse models of endotoxic shock. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production was evaluated in human mononuclear leukocyte. In situ perfused rat lungs, pre-perfusion with isoforskolin (100, and 200 μM) and dexamethasone (65 μM, positive control) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/L) induced increases in lung neutrophil adhesion rate, myeloperoxidase activity, lung weight Wet/Dry ratio, permeability-surface area product value, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. In rats, pretreatments with isoforskolin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and dexamethasone (5mg/kg, i.p.) markedly reduced lipopolysaccharide (6 mg/kg i.v.) induced increases of karyocyte, neutrophil counts and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and plasma myeloperoxidase activity. Lung histopathology showed that morphologic changes induced by lipopolysaccharide were less pronounced in the isoforskolin and dexamethasone pretreated rats. In mice, 5 mg/kg isoforskolin and dexamethasone caused 100% and 80% survival, respectively, after administration of lipopolysaccharide (62.5mg/kg, i.v., 40% survival if untreated). In human mononuclear leukocyte, isoforskolin (50, 100, and 200 μM) and dexamethasone (10 μM) pre-incubation lowered lipopolysaccharide (2 μg/mL) induced secretion of the cytokine TNF-α, and interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. In conclusion, pretreatment with isoforskolin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in several models, and it is involved in down-regulation of inflammatory responses and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8.     

急性肾损伤诱导急性肺损伤的研究进展

急性肾损伤是一种ICU患者中常见的疾病,致死率较高,当合并肺损伤时,致死率显著提高,可达到80%。急性肾损伤可导致全身体液灌注量增加,血浆渗透压升高进而引起肺水肿和急性呼吸衰竭。同时,炎症反应,氧化应激,细胞凋亡和可溶性调节因子代谢异常等也可能参与急性肾损伤诱导的肺损伤。对急性肾损伤诱导肺损伤的临床认识和可能发病机制的研究,将有助于临床疾病的治疗和死亡率的降低,同时也将有助于对其它肾脏疾病发病机制的认识。     

Glutamine attenuates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice

1. Glutamine is an amino acid that is used to treat various diseases. Glutamine has been reported to have protective effects in human pulmonary epithelia-like cells exposed to hyperoxia. However, the effects of glutamine in hyperoxia-induced lung injury have not been investigated in vivo .
2. Mice treated with saline or glutamine [(750 mg/kg) intravenously] were randomly exposed to hyperoxia for 48 or 72 h. Control mice treated with saline or glutamine were exposed to room air. Cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), heat shock protein (HSP) 70, the wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pathoglogical findings in lung tissue were evaluated to determine the effects of glutamine on acute lung injury. In addition, survival was monitored.
3. Lung expression of HSP70 was significantly enhanced in both the control (room air) and 48 and 72 h hyperoxic glutamine-treated mice. The W/D ratio, BALF concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, MDA levels, MPO activity, neutrophil infiltration and interstitial oedema in lung tissue were significantly lower at 48 and 72 h of hyperoxia in glutamine-treated mice compared with saline-treated mice.
4. In a separate series of experiments evaluating survival, after 96 h continuous exposure to hyperoxia, all saline-treated mice died. In contrast, all glutamine-treated mice died after 108 h exposure to hyperoxia.
5. The data suggest that glutamine administered to mice during hyperoxia has a protective effect against hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury and improves survival.     

姜黄素通过上调 miR-124减轻脂多糖诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤

目的探究姜黄素( Cur)对脂多糖( LPS)诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤( ALI)的保护作用及可能机制。方法体外培养大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞 NR8383,采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证微小 RNA-124(miR-124)与肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子 6(TRAF6)的靶向关系。 SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为对照组( NC组)、 LPS组、 LPS+Cur组、 LPS+Cur+inhibitor-NC组、 LPS+Cur+inhibitor组,每组 10只。 LPS组腹腔注射 LPS 10 mg/kg制备 ALI大鼠模型, LPS+Cur组在 ALI模型制备 30 min后尾静脉注射 Cur 200 mg/ kg,LPS+Cur+inhibitor-NC组、 LPS+Cur+inhibitor组大鼠尾静脉分别注射 miR-124 inhibitor-NC、miR-124 inhibitor 50 mg/kg 1周后腹腔注射 LPS 10 mg/kg,30 min后尾静脉注射 Cur 200 mg/kg,NC组注射等量生理盐水 30 min后尾静脉注射等量生理盐水。干预 24 h后, HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素 -6(IL-6)水平,分别采用实时荧光定量 PCR(RT-qPCR)、蛋白质印迹法( WB)检测肺组织 miR-124、TRAF6 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示, miR-124可直接靶向 TRAF6 3 '' UTR区负调控其表达。动物实验结果表明, NC组大鼠肺组织结构清晰,肺泡结构完整,无明显异常改变; LPS组、 LPS+Cur+inhibitor组大鼠肺组织结构破坏严重,肺间质增厚,大量炎性细胞浸润,弥漫性充血、渗出,肺泡萎缩; LPS+Cur组、 LPS+Cur+inhibitor-NC组大鼠肺组织损伤减轻。与 NC组比较, LPS组大鼠血清 TNF-α、IL-6、肺组织 TRAF6 mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著增加, miR-124表达水平显著降低( P<0.05);与 LPS组比较, LPS+Cur组大鼠血清 TNF-α、IL-6、、肺组织 TRAF6 mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著降低, miR-124表达水平显著增加( P<0.05);与 LPS+ Cur+ inhibitor-NC组比较, LPS+ Cur+inhibitor组大鼠血清 TNF-α、IL-6、肺组织 TRAF6 mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著增加, miR-124表达水平显著降低( P<0.05)。结论 Cur可通过上调 miR-124靶向抑制 TRAF6减轻 LPS诱导的大鼠 ALI及炎症反应,发挥治疗作用。     

Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious illness, the incidence and mortality of which are very high. Free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), are considered to be the final causative molecules in the pathogenesis of ALI. Hydrogen, a new antioxidant, can selectively reduce OH and ONOO⁻. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that hydrogen inhalation could ameliorate ALI induced by intra-tracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg body weight). Mice were randomized into three groups: sham group (physiological saline + 2% hydrogen mixed gas), control group (LPS + normal air) and experiment group (LPS + 2% hydrogen mixed gas). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed to determine the total protein concentrations and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lung tissues were assayed for oxidative stress variables, wet/dry (W/D) ratio, histological, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting examinations. Our experiments exhibited that hydrogen improved the survival rate of mice and induced a decrease in lung W/D ratio. In addition, hydrogen decreased malonaldehyde and nitrotyrosine content, inhibited myeloperoxidase and maintained superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissues and associated with a decrease in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and total protein concentrations in the BALF. Hydrogen further attenuated histopathological alterations and mitigated lung cell apoptosis. Importantly, hydrogen inhibited the activation of P-JNK, and also reversed changes in Bax, Bcl-xl and caspase-3. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that hydrogen inhalation ameliorated LPS-induced ALI and it may be exerting its protective role by preventing the activation of ROS–JNK–caspase-3 pathway.     

胆红素对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的探讨胆红素对内毒素致急性肺损伤(ALI)的保护作用及其可能机制。方法将雄性Wis-tar大鼠30只随机分为正常对照组、ALI模型组和胆红素干预组。检测肺系数(LI)、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞(WBC)计数和中性粒细胞(PMN)百分比、蛋白质含量(Pr)、肺泡通透指数(LPI);采用原位杂交技术半定量法和免疫组织化学染色测定肺血管内皮细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)mRNA、核因子κB(NF-κB)和其抑制蛋白I-κBα的表达。结果①ALI模型组LI、BALF中WBC计数、PMN百分比和Pr及LPI均显著高于正常对照组(P均<0.01);胆红素干预组LI、BALF中WBC计数和LPI均显著低于ALI模型组(P均<0.01),PMN百分比和Pr也明显低于ALI模型组(P均<0.05),且与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②ALI模型组肺血管内皮ICAM-1 mRNA表达和胞核NF-κB含量与正常对照组比较显著升高(P均<0.01),胞质I-κBα水平却明显降低(P<0.01);胆红素干预组ICAM-1 mRNA表达和胞核NF-κB与模型组相比明显减低(P<0.01),胞质I-κBα含量显著升高(P<0.01),但与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(分别P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论胆红素通过抑制NF-κB和ICAM-1 mRNA的表达而减少中性粒细胞肺内浸润来对抗大鼠急性肺损伤。     

瑞芬太尼对脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤大鼠肺脏Toll样受体4的影响

目的研究瑞芬太尼对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织的影响。方法24只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组(n=8):对照组(C组),肺损伤组(LPS组)和瑞芬太尼组(R组)。分别于气管内给药前、给药1h、3h和5h记录平均动脉压和心率,行动脉血气分析。注药、机械通气5h后测定TLR4mRNA和蛋白表达,观察肺组织病理学及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的表达。结果与C组比较,LPS组及R组TLR4mRNA表达和蛋白表达明显增加,BALF中TNF-α增加。与LPS组比较,R组TLR4mRNA表达增高,BALF中TNF-α增加。肺组织损伤程度从轻至重分别为C组、LPS组、R组。结论瑞芬太尼能加重LPS诱导的ALI大鼠肺组织的损伤,其作用机制与上调TLR4表达有关。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸在急性肺损伤中的保护作用

目的观察N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)在急性肺损伤(ALI)中的保护作用。方法建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤模型,将24只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、LPS组和NAC组,测定各组肺含水量、湿/干质量比值,对支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞计数,并用ELISA法测定肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的量。结果NAC组大鼠肺含水量、湿/干质量比值、TNF-α含量、白细胞计数均少于LPS组(P<0.05)。结论N-乙酰半胱氨酸能通过阻断细胞因子和炎性介质的释放来抑制大鼠急性肺损伤的肺部炎症反应。     

丙泊酚对内毒素性大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的探讨丙泊酚对内毒素(LPS)性大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的影响。方法 60只SD大鼠随机均分5组:A组为ALI模型;B1、B2、B3组静脉注射LPS5mg/kg后,再分别输注丙泊酚5、10、15mg.kg-1.h-1;C组为假手术对照。放血处死大鼠,右肺HE染色,左肺测定湿干重比;分离外周血中性粒细胞(PMN),流式细胞仪检测PMN凋亡。结果与C组比较,A组肺部损伤严重,肺泡损伤比值(IQA)显著增加、PMN的凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05);与A组比较,丙泊酚处理组肺损伤程度减轻,IQA降低,凋亡显著增加,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚减轻LPS诱导的大鼠ALI,这可能与促进PMN的凋亡有关。     

地塞米松对大鼠急性肺损伤中性粒细胞凋亡的影响

目的 Dex)在大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)中对中性粒细胞(PMN)凋亡的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠66只,随机分为3组.正常对照组(N组)6只,静注生理盐水后采集标本.内毒素致伤组(LPS组)30只,静注脂多糖制成ALI模型;地塞米松干预组(DEX组)30只,静注脂多糖的同时静注地塞米松.两组分别于给药后2、4、6、8、16h采集标本.观察肺组织病理切片、肺水含量测定(W/D)、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中PMN凋亡测定.结果 LPS组注射内毒素2h后光镜可见肺泡腔狭窄,中性粒细胞渗出等ALI表现,且随时程延长病变加重;DEX组ALI表现较LPS组好转.LPS组和DEX组肺W/D均比N组明显增加(P＜0.05).但DEX组与LPS组比较,2、6、16h显著减少(P＜0.05),BALF中PMN凋亡率比N组明显降低(P＜0.01).DEX组PMN凋亡率比N组显著降低(P＜0.01);与LPS组相比,DEX组PMN凋亡率增加,4、6、8及16h与对应的LPS组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 ALI时PMN在肺泡内的凋亡延迟,DEX减轻ALI时肺组织损伤可能与DEX促进PMN在肺泡内的凋亡有关.     

Depletion of NK cells attenuates paraquat-induced acute lung injury by manipulating macrophage polarization

Acute lung injury is the main causative factor in paraquat dichloride (PQ)-induced mortality. The innate immune system-triggered detrimental inflammatory cascade plays a vital role in PQ-induced acute lung injury. However, the role of natural killer (NK) cells, which are essential for innate response, in PQ-induced acute lung injury remains largely unknown. Here, we found that in an acute PQ poisoning model, depletion of NK cells attenuated PQ-induced lung injury by inhibiting macrophage polarization towards the M1 type. Specifically, the percentages of NK cells were reduced in the lung, spleen, and peripheral blood in a murine model of acute PQ poisoning. NK cells were aberrantly activated, evidenced by upregulation of the activating markers CD69, CD107a, and NKG2D and downregulation of the inhibitive marker KLRG1. Further, NK-specific depletion in mice greatly prolonged the survival time and ameliorated reactive oxygen species-induced damage following PQ treatment compared with the control group. Importantly, NK cell depletion alleviated macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the lung and reversed PQ induced-macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory M1 type. Our study demonstrates a crucial role of NK cells and NK cell-to-macrophage interaction in PQ-induced acute lung injury.     

Corticosteroids found ineffective for phosgene-induced acute lung injury in rats

Various therapeutic regimes have been proposed with limited success for treatment of phosgene-induced acute lung injury (P-ALI). Corticoids were shown to be efficacious against chlorine-induced lung injury but there is still controversy whether this applies also to P-ALI. This study investigates whether different regimen of curatively administered budesonide (BUD, 10 mg/kg bw, i.p. bid; 100 mg/m³ × 30 min, nose-only inhalation), mometasone (MOM, 3 mg/kg bw, i.p. bid) and dexamethasone (DEX, 10, 30 mg/kg bw, i.p. bid), show efficacy to alleviate P-ALI. Efficacy of drugs was judged by nitric oxide (eNO) and carbon dioxide (eCO₂) in exhaled air and whether these non-invasive biomarkers are suitable to assess the degree of airway injury (chlorine) relative to alveolar injury (phosgene). P-ALI related analyses included lung function (enhanced pause, Penh), morbidity, increased lung weights, and protein in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) one day postexposure. One of the pathophysiological hallmarks of P-ALI was indicated by increased Penh lasting for approximately 20 h postexposure. Following the administration of BUD, this increase could be suppressed; however, without significant improvement in survival and lung edema (increased lung weights and BALF-protein). Collectively, protocols shown to be efficacious for chlorine (Chen et al., 2013) were ineffective and even increased adversity in the P-ALI model. This outcome warrants further study to seek for early biomarkers suitable to differentiate chlorine- and phosgene-induced acute lung injury at yet asymptomatic stage. The patterns of eNO and eCO₂ observed following exposure to chlorine and phosgene may be suitable to guide the specialized clinical interventions required for each type of ALI.     

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate phosgene-induced acute lung injury in rats

Abstract

Accidental phosgene exposure could result in acute lung injury (ALI), effective therapy is needed for the patients with phosgene-induced ALI. As a type of cells with therapeutic potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been showed its efficacy in multiple diseases. Here, we assessed the therapeutic potential of MSCs in phosgene-induced ALI and explored the related mechanisms. After isolation and characterization of rat bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), we transplanted BMMSCs into the rats exposed to phosgene and observed significant improvement on the lung wet-to-dry ratio and partial oxygen pressure (PaO₂) at 6, 24, 48?h after phosgene exposure. Histological analyses revealed reduced sign of pathological changes in the lungs. Reduced level of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor α and increased level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 were found in both bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma. Significant increased expression of epithelial cell marker AQP5 and SP-C was also found in the lung tissue. In conclusion, treatment with MSC markedly decreases the severity of phosgene-induced ALI in rats, and these protection effects were closely related to the pulmonary air blood barrier repairment and inflammatory reaction regulation.     

丙泊酚对急性肺损伤大鼠血红素氧合酶-1表达的影响

目的探讨丙泊酚对肺的保护作用及其可能作用机制。方法通过尾静脉注射内毒素建立急性肺损伤模型,丙泊酚和锌原卟啉同样经过尾静脉给药。将Wistar大鼠随机分入实验对照组（C组）、脂多糖组（L组）、脂多糖＋丙泊酚组（LP组）和锌原卟啉组（LZ组）。给药前及开始后第3、6和12h测定动脉血氧分压（PaO2）,实验结束后观察肺湿/干重（W/D）比值、肺组织病理学检查并进行肺损伤轻重程度评分,同时观察各组大鼠肺组织血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）含量。结果实验前各组PaO2无明显差异,注射LPS后L组PaO2持续下降,和C组相比其PaO2显著降低（P〈0.05）。实验结束后L组和C组相比其W/D比值、肺组织病理学检查评分及HO-1含量显著增加（P〈0.05）。而LP组和L组相比W/D比值、肺组织病理学检查评分含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,而PaO2和HO-1含量显著升高（P〈0.05）。而LZ组加入锌原卟啉后明显抑制丙泊酚以上保护作用。结论丙泊酚具有肺保护作用,且该作用可能与其通过增加HO-1表达作用相关。     

Atractylodin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4 pathways

Acute lung injury (ALI) arises from uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation with high mortality rates. Atractylodin (Atr) is a polyethylene alkynes and has been reported to possess anti-inflammation effect. Thus, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of Atr on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses ALI. The results indicated that Atr treatment not only significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated histopathological changes but also lessened the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the wet-to-dry weight ratio of the lungs, protein leakage and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, Atr inhibited the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 secretion in BALF. Further study demonstrated that such inhibitory effects of Atr were due to suppression of nucleotide-binding domain-(NOD-) like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, likely contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Collectively, these findings suggest that Atr may be an effective candidate for alleviating LPS-induced inflammatory responses.