Comparison of peripheral blood B cell subset ratios and B cell-related cytokine levels between ocular and generalized myasthenia gravis

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) depends upon T and B cells, as well as complement and cytokines. The activation of functional subpopulations of T and B cells is the basis of the immune response. However, the activation levels of T and B cell subsets remain unclear in the pathogenesis of MG. Here, we evaluated the proportions of T and B cell subsets and related cytokines in ocular MG (oMG) patients and generalized MG (gMG) patients, and analyzed the potential roles of T and B cell subsets in the pathogenesis of oMG.MethodsIn total, 16 patients with oMG, 31 patients with gMG, and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from venous blood via density centrifugation. The percentages of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells, CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells, CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^- regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD19⁺CD27⁺CD38^- memory B cells, CD19⁺CD24^hiCD27⁺ regulatory B cells (Bregs), CD19⁺CD38⁺CD138⁺ plasma cells, and CD19⁺CD40⁺ B cells in PBMCs were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and interferon (IFN)-γ in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Differences in T and B cell subsets and related cytokines were compared among the three groups of participants.ResultsThe proportions of CD19⁺CD27⁺CD38^- memory B cells were significantly higher in the oMG and gMG groups than in the HC group (P = 0.004; P < 0.001), whereas the proportion of CD19⁺CD27⁺CD38^- memory B cells was significantly lower in the oMG group than in the gMG group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the proportion of CD19⁺CD24^hiCD27⁺ Bregs was significantly higher in the oMG group than in the gMG and HC groups (P = 0.001). The proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^- Tregs was significantly lower in the gMG group than in the oMG and HC groups (P < 0.001). Finally, the level of serum IL-10 was significantly higher in the oMG group than in the gMG and HC groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the HC group, serum IL-2 levels were significantly increased in the oMG and gMG groups (P = 0.016; P = 0.002).DiscussionThe reduced ratios of Tregs and Bregs may contribute to the progression of oMG to gMG, and the increased proportion of memory B cells may be closely related to the progression of oMG. IL-2 and IL-10 are important in the development of oMG.     

ACTH4-10 protects the ADR-injured podocytes by stimulating B lymphocytes to secrete interleukin-10

ObjectivesIn the present study, we aimed to assess whether adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) could protect the podocytes from adriamycin (ADR)-induced injury by stimulating B lymphocytes to secrete the associated cytokines.MethodsProliferation assay was used to assess the proliferation and activity of podocytes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the secretion of IL-10 and IL-4. TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was used to detect the apoptosis of podocytes. Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to examine the expressions of nephrin and podocin at the mRNA and protein levels.ResultsCompared with the normal control group, the podocyte proliferation of ADR group was significantly inhibited. However, compared with the ADR group, the podocyte proliferation of the supernatant (1 µg/L, 10 µg/L or 100 µg/L ACTH_4-10) + ADR groups was generally increased, and the pro-proliferative effect of the supernatant containing 10 µg/L ACTH_4-10 was the highest. Moreover, we found that after B lymphocytes were intervened by 10 µg/L ACTH4-10, the IL-10 level in the cell supernatant was significantly elevated (p < 0.05). When anti-IL-10R was added, the podocyte proliferation of the supernatant (10 µg/L ACTH_4-10) + ADR group was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the supernatant of B cells stimulated with 10 µg/L ACTH_4-10 could better decrease the apoptosis rate of injured podocytes and increase the expressions of nephrin and podocin at the mRNA and protein levels by elevating the secretion of IL-10.ConclusionCompared with ACTH_4-10, the supernatant of B cells stimulated with ACTH_4-10 could better protect the podocytes from ADR-induced injury by elevating the secretion of IL-10.     

A higher frequency of IL‐10‐producing B cells in Hepatitis B virus‐associated membranous nephropathy

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the potential role of interleukin (IL)‐10⁺ regulatory B cells and other B cell subsets in the development of hepatitis B virus‐associated membranous nephropathy (HBV‐MN). A total of 14 patients with new onset HBV‐MN, 12 individuals with immune‐tolerant HBV infection (HBV‐IT), and 12 healthy controls (HC) were examined for the percentages of CD38⁺, CD86⁺, CD27⁺, CD95⁺ and IL‐10⁺ B cells by flow cytometry. Serum IL‐10 concentration was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The percentages of CD38⁺CD19⁺, CD86⁺CD19⁺, CD38⁺CD86⁺CD19⁺, and CD95⁺CD19⁺ B cells were significantly higher in HBV‐MN patients than the HBV‐IT and HC. The percentages of CD5⁺CD19⁺, IL‐10⁺CD19⁺ B cells and serum IL‐10 level in HBV‐MN patients were significantly higher than the HC, and lower than the HBV‐IT. Percentages of CD38⁺CD19⁺, and CD86⁺CD19⁺ B cells were reduced after treatment, while the percentages of CD5⁺CD1d⁺CD19⁺, CD5⁺CD1d⁺IL‐10⁺CD19⁺, and IL‐10⁺CD19⁺ B cells were increased. The 24 h urinary protein concentration was positively correlated with the percentage of CD38⁺CD19⁺, and negatively correlated with the percentage of IL‐10⁺CD19⁺ B cells and serum IL‐10 level. Similarly, the value of eGFR was negatively correlated with the percentage of CD38⁺CD19⁺, and positively correlated with the percentage of IL‐10⁺CD19⁺ B cells and serum IL‐10 level. Serum IL‐10 level and the percentage of IL‐10⁺CD19⁺ were negatively correlated with the percentages of CD38⁺CD19⁺, and CD86⁺CD19⁺ B cells. These results suggest that CD86⁺CD19⁺, CD38⁺CD86⁺CD19⁺, CD95⁺CD19⁺, and especially CD38⁺CD19⁺ and IL‐10⁺CD19⁺ cells may participate in the pathogenesis of HBV‐MN.     

Aquaphilus dolomiae extract counteracts the effects of cutaneous S. aureus secretome isolated from atopic children on CD4+ T cell activation

Context: Skin microbiota takes part in the control of cutaneous inflammation. In skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) cutaneous dysbiosis and the emergence of Staphylococcus aureus contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. New therapeutic approaches consist in topical application of natural products able to counteract S. aureus effects through activation of resident immune cells producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10.

Objective: This study investigates the potential immunosuppressive properties of Aquaphilus dolomiae (Neisseriaceae), a flagellated bacterium contained in Avène Thermal Spring Water used in hydrotherapy treatments of AD patients.

Materials and methods: An aqueous protein extract of Aquaphilus dolomiae (ADE, 60?μg/mL) was added to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) for 24?h. Expression of HLA-DR, CD86 and CD83 was evaluated by flow cytometry and released cytokines (IL-10, IL-12) by cytometry bead array assay. The proliferation of allogeneic CFSE-labelled CD4^+?T cells stimulated with ADE-conditioned moDC and S. aureus secretome was analysed by flow cytometry.

Results: MoDC exposed to ADE expressed lower levels of HLA-DR and CD86 than untreated cells, no CD83 and secreted barely detectable IL-12 but high amounts of IL-10 (N?=?12, p?<?0.0002). The proliferative effect of S. aureus secretome on CD4^+?T cells was reduced (p?<?0.001) in the presence of ADE-moDC.

Conclusion: ADE counteracted the mitogenic effect of a S. aureus secretome on CD4⁺T cells. Owing to the role of S. aureus colonization in driving inflammation in AD the immunosuppressive property of the ADE might be useful to reduce disease severity.     

Regulatory B cell is critical in bone union process through suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and stimulating Foxp3 in Treg cells

Bone fractures may result in delayed union (DU) or non‐union (NU) in some patients. Evidence suggests that the skewing of the immune system toward the proinflammatory type is a contributing factor. Because B cells were previously found to infiltrate the fracture healing site at abundant levels, we examined the regulatory B cells (Bregs) in DU/NU patients. In bone fracture patients with normal healing, the frequency of interleukin (IL)‐10‐expressing B cells was significantly upregulated in the early healing process (6 weeks post‐surgery) and was downregulated later on (18 weeks post‐surgery), whereas in DU/NU patients, the early upregulation of IL‐10‐expressing B cells was missing. The majority of IL‐10‐expressing B cells were concentrated in the IgM⁺CD27⁺ fraction in both controls and patients. IgM⁺CD27⁺ B cells effectively suppressed interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐2 expression from CD4⁺ T cells, as well as IFN‐γ and TNF‐α expression from CD8⁺ T cells. The IgM⁺CD27⁺ B cell‐mediated suppression was restricted to the sample from the early healing time point in controls, as the IgM⁺CD27⁺ B cells from normal healing patients later on or from DU/NU patients did not present significant regulatory function. In addition, culturing of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs with IgM⁺CD27⁺ B cells from controls at early healing time point resulted in higher Foxp3 expression, a function absent in controls at later time point, or in DU/NU patients. In conclusion, our results support a role of B cell‐mediated regulation early during the bone healing process.     

Astilbin promotes the induction of regulatory NK1.1− CD4+ NKG2D+ T cells through the PI3K,STAT3, and MAPK signaling pathways

Astilbin is a potential agent for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and has a protective effect in mice with DSS-induced colitis. NK1.1⁻ CD4⁺ NKG2D⁺ T cells are a subpopulation of regulatory T cells that produce TGF-β1 and IL-10. Whether astilbin directly promotes the induction of NK1.1⁻ CD4⁺ NKG2D⁺ T cells and whether these astilbin-stimulated T cells exert an immune-regulatory role remain unclear. Here, we show that astilbin efficiently induces the production of NK1.1⁻ CD4⁺ NKG2D⁺ T cells with high expressions of TGF-β1, IL-10, CCR6, and CCR9 in a dose-dependent manner ex vivo. These regulatory T cells also substantially inhibit the activities of CD8⁺ T cells and macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection of astilbin ameliorates the severity of colitis with an increase in the frequency of NK1.1⁻ CD4⁺ NKG2D⁺ T cells in the colon tissue of DSS-treated mice. Moreover, adoptive transfer of NK1.1⁻ CD4⁺ NKG2D⁺ T cells induced by astilbin remarkably protects against the onset of DSS-induced colitis. Finally, the PI3K, STAT3, and MAPK signaling pathways are involved in the induction of NK1.1⁻ CD4⁺ NKG2D⁺ T cells by astilbin. Taken together, our study elucidates a new immune-regulatory mechanism of astilbin by inducing the regulatory NK1.1⁻ CD4⁺ NKG2D⁺ T cells and indicates a potential clinical use of astilbin for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.     

骨性关节炎患者血清及组织中白细胞介素-10测定

目的探讨白细胞介素-10（IL-10）在骨性关节炎发病机制中的作用。方法采用ELISA法对16例膝关节骨性关节炎（OA）患者的血清、关节液、关节软骨、滑膜及5例类风湿性关节炎（RA）患者的血清、关节液进行了IL-10测定。结果OA患者关节软骨及滑膜中的IL-10含量明显高于血清及关节液,RA患者关节液中IL-10含量明显高于血清中。结论软骨及滑膜中IL-10的高表达说明其在OA的关节损伤中可能起双向调节作用。     

肾综合征出血热患者T淋巴细胞亚群及IL-6和IL-10的变化

目的研究肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者外周血T细胞亚群及血浆IL-6、IL-10水平的变化,并研究其相关性,以探讨其在HFRS发病机制中的作用。方法应用流式细胞仪检测41例HFRS患者外周血及10例正常人外周血的T淋巴细胞CD3及亚群CD4、CD8细胞的数量及CD4/CD8比值;同时应用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测血清IL-6、IL-10水平。结果HFRS患者病程中存在CD3、CD4、CD8细胞数量的不同程度升高,CD3、CD8细胞于发热期明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),均于低血压期达峰值(P<0.01);CD4细胞升高幅度较小,于少尿期达峰值(P<0.01);CD4/CD8比值下降或倒置,于低血压期比值降至最低(P<0.01);血清IL-6、IL-10水平在病程中均明显升高(P<0.01),于少尿期达峰值。在HFRS不同病型中,随临床病型的加重,CD3、CD8细胞明显升高,在危重型升高达峰值(P<0.01),而CD4细胞升高幅度相对较小,在重型升高达峰值(P<0.01);CD4/CD8比值明显降低;血清IL-6、IL-10水平明显升高;CD4/CD8比值的下降与血清IL-6、IL-10水平的升高相一致,呈明显的负相关(P<0.01),相关系数分别为r=-0.9278和r=-0.8787。结论细胞免疫功能紊乱与细胞因子分泌失常介导的体液免疫功能亢进在HFRS发病机制中起重要作用。     

Autophagy contributes to IL-17-induced plasma cell differentiation in experimental autoimmune myocarditis

Although IL-17 is considered to promote B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells in some autoimmune diseases, its mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies revealed that autophagy, a lysosome-mediated catabolic process for providing nutrients under starvation, could regulate plasma cell homeostasis, so this study aimed to explore whether and how autophagy participates in IL-17-mediated plasma cell differentiation by MyHC-α-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) mouse model. It showed that IL-17 could not only induce B cell autophagy, but also facilitate the myocarditis severity, serum anti-MyHC-α autoantibody production and splenic CD38⁺ CD138⁺ B cell percentages, while the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine attenuated these effects. Furthermore, serum anti-MyHC-α IgG autoantibody productions and CD38⁺ CD138⁺ B cell percentages were positively correlated with B cell autophagy levels respectively. In vitro, we further revealed that IL-17 could directly promote B cell autophagy, which boosted Blimp-1 expressions and CD38⁺ CD138⁺ B cell percentages. Moreover, elevated autophagy mediated by IL-17 enhanced ubiquitin–proteasome system activity and B cell anti-apoptotic ability by Beclin-1 and p62 through Erk1/2 phosphorylation, and these changes brought by IL-17 could be also inhibited with 3-methyladenine. Therefore, we concluded that autophagy contributed to IL-17-mediated plasma cell differentiation by regulating Blimp-1 expression and Beclin-1/p62 associated B cell apoptosis in EAM.     

Breg Tfh Tfr细胞在免疫性血小板减少症患者中的表达及意义

目的 探讨调节性B细胞（Breg）、滤泡辅助性T细胞（Tfh）、滤泡调节性T细胞（Tfr）在免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）中的作用和临床意义。方法 选择2017年10月至2019年10月安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的初次诊断的30例ITP患者为ITP组，同期选择健康对照组25例，应用流式细胞术（FCM）检测外周血Breg、Tfh、Tfr细胞的表达水平并统计分析。结果 ITP组患者外周血CD19⁺B细胞中Breg[（1.93±1.21）%]、IL-10⁺Breg[（28.64±10.31）%]水平低于健康对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；外周血CD4⁺T细胞中Tfh细胞比例高于健康对照组[（12.18±5.26）% vs（6.21±1.78）%]，Tfr细胞比例[（1.64±1.01）%]、Tfr/Tfh比值（0.21±0.13）低于健康对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 Breg细胞降低，IL-10分泌减少，Tfr/Tfh比值失衡，在ITP发病过程中可能起到重要的作用。     

香菊胶囊联合西替利嗪治疗儿童过敏性鼻炎的临床研究

目的 探讨香菊胶囊联合盐酸西替利嗪滴剂治疗儿童过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年9月—2022年3月在无锡市新吴区新瑞医院就诊的122例过敏性鼻炎患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将所有患儿分为对照组和治疗组,每组各61例。对照组患儿口服盐酸西替利嗪滴剂,1 mL/次,1次/d。治疗组患儿在对照组治疗的基础上口服香菊胶囊,2～4粒/次,3次/d。两组患儿连续服用4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组患儿血清免疫球蛋白、免疫功能、炎症因子水平。结果 治疗后,治疗组的总有效率95.08%,明显高于对照组的总有效率81.97%(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患儿鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、鼻痒缓解时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白三烯B4(TB4)水平明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组血清IgE、IgG、LTB4水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8     

舌下含服免疫治疗对变应性鼻炎患儿的临床疗效

目的 探讨粉尘螨滴剂舌下含服特异性免疫治疗（sublingual immunotherapy，SLIT）对变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）患儿血清sIgG4、IL-10和IL-33表达水平的作用，并对SLIT的临床疗效进行评估。方法 在2016年2月-2016年8月，宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院入组了70例AR患儿，将这些患儿随机分为SLIT试验组（SLIT配合对症药物）和药物对照组（仅对症药物），每组各35例患儿。分别在治疗前、治疗半年、治疗1年、治疗2年时，通过酶联免疫吸附法测定血清sIgG4、IL-10和IL-33的表达水平，同时对患儿的总鼻部症状评分（total nasal symptoms score，TNSS）和总用药评分（total medication score，TMS）进行评估。结果 经过2年的治疗后，与药物对照组相比，SLIT试验组的TNSS评分和TMS评分显著降低（P<0.01）。与治疗前相比，AR患儿经过2年的免疫治疗后，SLIT组的sIgG4和IL-10的水平显著上升（P<0.05），而IL-33的水平显著下降（P<0.05）。2年治疗后药物对照组的sIgG4、IL-10和IL-33的水平都未发生明显的改变。2年治疗结束时2组的sIgG4、IL-10和IL-33水平存在明显的差异（P<0.05）。结论 标准化粉尘螨滴剂SLIT对尘螨引起的儿童AR具有疗效，并且血清sIgG4、IL-10和IL-33表达水平的变化可能作为评估SLIT疗效的指标。     

Alloantigen specific T regulatory cells in transplant tolerance

CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺T cells are regulatory/suppressor cells (Treg) that include non-antigen(Ag)-specific as well as Ag-specific Tregs. How non-Ag-specific naïve CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg develop into specific Tregs is unknown. We have studied DA rats tolerant to fully allogeneic PVG cardiac grafts that survived with out immunosuppression for over 100 days and identified the cellular basis of alloantigen specific tolerance. Key observations from our studies will be reviewed including how CD4⁺CD25⁺Tregs were first identified and the cytokine dependence of CD4⁺T cells that transfer alloantigen specific transplant tolerance which died in culture unless stimulated with both cytokine rich ConA supernatant and specific donor alloantigen. Both the tolerant CD4⁺CD25⁺ and CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cell populations are required to transfer tolerance, yet alone the CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cell effect rejection. Tolerance transfer occurs with a low ratio of CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells (< 1:10), whereas to induce tolerance with naive CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells requires both a ratio of > 1:1 and is not alloantigen specific.Recent findings on how naïve CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells developed into two separated pathways of alloantigen specific Tregs, by culturing them with alloAg with either IL-2 or IL-4 and donor alloantigen are described. IL-2 enhances IFN-γR and IL-5 mRNA while IL-4 induced a reciprocal profile with de novo IL-5Rα and increased IFN-γ mRNA expression. Both IL-2 and IL-4 alloactivated CD4⁺CD25⁺Tregs within 3–4 days of culture can induce alloantigen specific tolerance at ratios of 1:10. Long term, CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells from tolerant hosts given IL-2 cultured cells have increased IL-5 and IFN-γR mRNA; whereas hosts given IL-4 cultured cells had enhanced IL-5Rα mRNA expression and IL-5 enhanced their proliferation to donor but not third party alloAg.These findings suggest that Th1 and Th2 responses activate two pathways of alloantigen specific Tregs that can mediate transplant tolerance but are dependent upon cytokines produced by ongoing Th1 and/or Th2 immune responses.     

肺癌手术期间血清IL-10含量及临床意义

目的测定肺癌患者手术期间血清白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量,探讨肺癌手术期间血清IL-10含量的变化及临床意义。方法用放射免疫吸附法测定了39例肺癌患者手术期间及16例肺良性肿瘤患者和30例正常人血清IL-10含量并进行对照比较。结果肺癌组术前IL-10含量明显高于肺良性肿瘤组及正常人组(P<0.01),根治切除的肺癌患者血清IL-10含量术后明显下降,与术前相比,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);开胸探查的肺癌患者术后24h轻度升高,72h恢复到术前含量。结论动态观察血清IL-10含量对肺癌诊断、判断手术效果、预测病情、指导术后治疗有重要的临床意义。     

卡介苗对毛细支气管炎患儿免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨卡介苗体外对毛细支气管炎患儿免疫功能的影响。方法：取健康及毛细支气管炎患儿外周血体外分离单核细胞,加入不同浓度的卡介苗（BCG）培养,观察BCG对IL-12、IL-10水平的影响;同时分离外周血的淋巴细胞,加入经BCG处理的单核细胞培养液,用生理盐水作为阴性对照,培养满3d收集培养上清液,检测细胞因子IL-4水平。结果：体外实验结果显示BCG刺激单核细胞分泌的细胞因子水平（IL-10、IL-12）在一定浓度下呈浓度依赖性,BCG浓度为50μL／mL时,单核细胞分泌的细胞因子IL-10水平最高;IL-4的水平下降,与干预前相比具有统计学差异;IL-12升高不显著。结论：适宜浓度的BCG具有增强TH1的作用,IL-4水平降低推测可能与IL-10诱导产生调节性T细胞（CD4＋CD254-Tr）有关。     

芥子气促进真皮成纤维细胞分泌IL-10的时效和量效研究

目的：探讨芥子气诱导真皮成纤维细胞分泌IL-10的规律。方法：采用ELISA方法,检测不同浓度梯度的芥子气调节IL-10分泌的量效和时效关系。结果：成纤维细胞自身可分泌一定量的IL-10,芥子气作用成纤维细胞后,显著上调IL-10的分泌（P〈0．05）。并呈时间依赖性和剂量依赖性。结论：芥子气治疗银屑病的作用机制可能与促进细胞分泌抗炎因子IL—10有关。     

肺结核患者治疗前后外周血中IL-10、IL-22、IL-23水平变化及其临床意义

目的 分析肺结核患者治疗前后外周血中IL-10、IL-22、IL-23表达水平变化及其临床意义.方法 收集本院2014年10月至2015年5月收治的活动性肺结核患者49例,选择健康体检者30例为对照组.ELISA法检测肺结核患者治疗前、治疗6个月后以及对照组外周血血清中IL-10、IL-22、IL-23表达水平,并分析其相关性.结果 ELISA结果显示,肺结核患者治疗前外周血血清IL-10表达水平为(24.15±13.21) pg/ml,明显高于对照组[(14.91±8.23) pg/ml],P＜0.05,经抗结核常规治疗6个月后,血清IL-10表达水平为(17.11 ± 7.59) pg/ml,明显低于治疗前(P＜0.05),但仍高于对照组.肺结核患者治疗前外周血血清IL-22、IL-23表达水平分别为(20.56±7.41) pg/ml、(21.12 ± 2.68) pg/ml,明显低于对照组[(53.78±8.22) pg/ml、(36.42±2.16) pg/ml,P＜0.05],经抗结核常规治疗6个月后,血清IL-22、IL-23表达水平分别为(38.95±6.35) pg/ml、(29.89±3.74) pg/ml,明显高于治疗前(P＜0.05),但仍明显低于对照组(P＜ 0.05).Pearson相关分析结果表明,血清IL-22、IL-23呈正相关性.结论 肺结核患者外周血中IL-10、IL-22、IL-23在治疗前后表达水平发生变化,可能与机体结核免疫有关,有望作为评价肺结核疗效的参考指标.     

丹参对重型颅脑损伤患者血清中可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1、IL-10表达的影响

目的探讨早期应用丹参对重型颅脑损伤患者血清中可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）、IL-10表达的影响。方法21例重型颅脑外伤患者（GCS评分≤8分）随机分为丹参组11例和对照组10例。通过双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA法）检测患者伤后第1、3、5、7天血清中sICAM-1、IL-10的表达情况。结果丹参组第3、5、7天血清中的sICAM-1含量均明显低于对照组相应时间点（P〈0.01）,IL-10则高于对照组。结论丹参能减少重型颅脑损伤患者血清中sICAM-1的表达,促进IL-10的表达,有助于减轻颅脑外伤所致的脑损害。     

Chlorella vulgaris restores bone marrow cellularity and cytokine production in lead-exposed mice

Chlorella vulgaris (CV) was examined for its modulating effects on the reduction induced by lead (Pb) on the numbers of marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) (c-Kit⁺Lin⁻), granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (Gr1⁺Mac1⁺) and total bone marrow cellularity. In mice gavage-treated daily with 50 mg/kg dose of CV for 10 days, concomitant to a continuous offering of 1300 ppm lead acetate in drinking water, the treatment with the algae recovered the significantly reduced numbers of these cell populations to control values. As CV may have a myelostimulating effect through the induction of cytokines, we evaluated its modulating effects on the production of IL-1α, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6. Our results demonstrated that lead significantly impairs the production of IFN-γ, IL-1α and TNF-α and increases the production of IL-10 and IL-6 and that these effects are successfully modulated by the CV treatment. The activity of NK cells, reduced in Pb-exposed animals, was raised to levels higher than those of controls in the exposed group treated with CV. Treatment with the algae also stimulated the production of IFN-γ, IL-1α, TNF-α and NK cells activity in normal mice. In addition, zinc bone concentrations, reduced in lead-exposed mice, were partially, but significantly, reversed by the treatment with CV.