无细胞异体真皮基质在烧伤后整形患者功能部位的应用

AIM:To investigate the effect of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix(ADM) on cograft in joint functional positions of patients with post burn plastic operation. METHODS:9 patients with hypertrophic scar and joint dysfunction after severe burns were used. After pre treating with trypsin and TritonX 100, 13 reticulated ADM were overlapped with autogenous ultrathin split thickness skin grafts(USTS), and were transplanted to the scar excision wounds in the joints of four limbs at the same time. The neighbouring autogenous thin split thickness skin grafts(TSTS) were used as control.RESULTS:The composite skin grafts as well as the controls were all survived. The rejection and hypertrophic scars were not found during (1- 5) years follow up studies. The appearance, fiber and function of composite skin grafts were near to normal skins. CONCLUSION:The ADM could be used to joint functional positions of patients with post burn hypertrophic scars and could produce satisfactory plastic results as dermal substitute.     

异体脱细胞真皮联合自体皮复合移植在创面修复中的应用及远期疗效观察

目的寻找功能部位深度烧伤创面与瘢痕畸形修复的理想覆盖材料。方法将功能部位的深度烧伤、瘢痕切除后创面或溃疡创面行脱细胞异体真皮＋自体刃厚皮复合移植。结果30例患者复合皮全部成活,复合皮光滑柔软,局部弹性好,关节功能恢复良好。结论脱细胞异体真皮＋自体皮是功能部位创面修复的理想覆盖材料。     

复合皮移植在整形外科中的应用

目的:总结脱细胞异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植在整形中的应用体会与经验。方法:本组16例,其中男14例,女2例,年龄2~48岁。总共19个部位;受皮区面积最小为20cm2,最大260 cm2。结果:本组16例19个部位全部成活。功能部位植皮区外观平整,柔软度和弹性可以满足功能部位需要,颜色接近正常皮肤。结论:复合皮可以替代自体中厚皮,其存活率高,能减少供皮区瘢痕,术后恢复功能。     

Acellular porcine dermal matrix produced with different methods and an experimental study on its transplantation to skin wound.]

OBJECTIVE: To observed the effect of healing quality of composite skin grafting consisting of acellular porcine dermal matrix combined with autologous split-thickness skin graft. METHODS: Porcine skin was treated with dispase II/triton X-100 or hyperosmotic saline/sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) respectively, and acellular porcine dermal matrix I (APDMI) and APDM II were obtained. Sixty-three Sprague-Dawley rats with full-thickness skin defects on the back were separately covered with APDMT + split-thickness autologous skin, or APDM II + split-thickness autologous skin. The quality of wound healing was observed, the rates of survival and contraction of the grafts were calculated, the tissue samples were harvested for histological examination, and compared with that of autologous split-thickness skin graft. RESULTS: The wound healing quality of composite skin I, and II was good. There was no significant difference in the rate of survival and contraction of the grafts between the two composite skin grafting groups. It was indicated by histological examination intact basal membrane. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between composite skin grafting groups and autologous split-thickness skin at the 6 th week after operation, but the contraction rates of the grafts in the composite skin groups were lower. CONCLUSION: Full-thickness skin defect can be healed by covering with acellular porcine dermal matrix produced by two methods combined with split-thickness autolograft, and it can help improve the quality of wound healing.     

Xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix as a dermal substitute in rats.

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been used as a dermal substitute for the treatment of deep burns, but the availability of cadaver skin for the production of ADM is limited. The usefulness of porcine ADM as a xenogeneic dermal substitute in rats was studied. With the use of Dispase II (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind) and Triton X-100 (US Biochemicals, Cleveland, Ohio), xenogeneic ADM was prepared from commercially available, cryopreserved porcine skin, and allogeneic ADM from the rats was also prepared. Four full-thickness injuries 225 mm2 in size were created on the dorsum of each rat. One of these wounds was treated with xenogeneic ADM and 1 was treated with allogeneic ADM, and immediately a 0.005-in thick split-thickness skin graft was placed over the ADM. The other 2 wounds were covered with 0.005- or 0.017-in thick split-thickness skin grafts alone. The wounds were evaluated macro- and microscopically 10, 14, 20, and 30 days after grafting. At 30 days after grafting, contraction of the wounds that contained xenogeneic ADM was significantly greater than that of the wounds that contained allogeneic ADM. Graft take was poor in the wounds that contained xenogeneic ADM at 14 days after surgery and moderately good in those that contained allogeneic ADM. The use of thick autografts resulted in the best wound healing, whereas the use of thin autografts resulted in considerable wound contraction. Allogeneic ADM diminished this contraction, but wound healing was significantly worsened when xenogeneic ADM was used.     

微孔异种无细胞真皮复合移植用于烧伤创面烧伤创面F功能评估

目的 观察微孔异种无细胞真皮 (acellular xeno- drmal matrix,ADM)与自体皮片复合移植的临床效果. 方法 将打孔的无细胞真皮与自体的大张刃厚皮、网状皮、邮票皮微粒皮等复合移植 ,用于深度烧伤创面的修复 ,观察自体皮片存活率及创面愈合的色素沉着、弹性与柔韧性等 ,并与单纯自体皮片移植部位进行比较. 结果 微孔无细胞真皮与自体刃厚皮、网状皮及邮票皮移植 ,存活率达 100% ,而与微粒皮移植存活率较低.与单纯自体皮片移植相比 ,复合移植后 3个月 ,色素沉着浅 ,富有弹性与柔韧性 ,明显改善创面愈合质量. 结论 微孔无细胞真皮具有完整的基底膜结构 ,胶原排列规则有序 ,可重建高质量真皮层 ,提高柔韧性、耐磨与耐压性.     

Evaluation of autogenous grafts used in vestibuloplasty

Vestibuloplasty is indicated when prosthesis stability is poor due to mandibular or maxillary atrophy. The use of autogenous grafts to provide sufficient vestibular depth is widely accepted. In this retrospective study, the outcomes of vestibuloplasty performed on 41 patients using various types of autogenous grafts (full-thickness skin, dermal, reversed dermal, meshed skin and palatal mucosal) are presented. The best results were obtained with palatal mucosal grafts, but graft size is limited. Meshed skin grafts were shown to be the best alternative.     

烧伤后手指和指蹼挛缩畸形的治疗及功能康复

目的：探讨烧伤后手指和指蹼挛缩畸形的手术治疗和功能康复方法。方法：本组33例45只伤手，采用瘢痕切除或切开加皮片移植术修复127个手指挛缩畸形，采用局部皮瓣或皮片移植术分别修复36只和60只指蹼畸形。手术后早期进行关节功能训练、按摩、弹力手套压迫等康复治疗。结果：皮片移植和皮瓣全部成活，手指间关节和掌指关节功能、指蹼功能均有改善，皮瓣法修复指蹼优于皮片法。通过功能康复治疗，87．9％患者生活能够完全或大部分自理。结论：对烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形采用手术和功能康复治疗可取得较好的效果，手指侧方皮瓣修复指蹼畸形，手术简单可靠．效果好。     

异体表皮干细胞与猪脱细胞真皮构建复合皮移植6例

2005-01/2006-10在南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤科就诊的深度烧伤患者6例,均为四肢Ⅲ度烧伤创面.异种(猪)脱细胞真皮与异体表皮干细胞构建的复合皮由南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤中心提供.清创消毒后,6例患者均进行复合皮移植、自体刃厚皮移植,共移植复合皮12块,自体刃厚皮96块.复合皮移植是将复合皮剪成1.5 cm×1.5 cm,粗糙面向下、光滑面向上植于创面上;自体刃厚皮移植是将大片自体刃厚皮铺于矾土林纱布上,剪成1.5cm×1.5 cm,植于复合皮的四周.移植后3 d揭去创面外层纱布,见复合皮及自体刃厚皮与创面粘连好、湿润,呈淡红色:7 d复合皮及自体刃厚皮大部分成活,随后成活的皮片向四周扩展,至14 d大部分皮片接近融合,21 d时创面已基本愈合.移植的复合皮、自体刃厚皮成活数量比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).因复合皮扩展情况不如自体刃厚皮,所以复合皮移植后的创面愈合面积小于自体刃厚皮移植(P＜0.01).在临床观察中6例患者暂末发生不良事件和副反应.提示表皮干细胞和(猪)脱细胞真皮构建的人工复合皮移植到受区,可建立血液循环,并保持一定的活力,达到覆盖创面、防止感染、防止体液流失的目的.     

深度手烧伤的治疗及功能康复

目的 :探讨深度手烧伤早期创面修复及功能康复最好的治疗方法。方法 :应用中厚皮、异体去细胞真皮基质作支架加自体刃厚皮片移植 ,腹部真皮血管网皮片及超薄皮瓣移植等手术方式 ,进行深度手烧伤早期切削痂。结果 :2 94例 4 6 2只手功能良好者 138例 2 32只手 (5 0 % ) ,功能较好者 79例 134只手 (2 9% ) ,功能障碍者 77例 96只手 (2 1% )。结论 :应用早期切削痂植皮的方法可减少瘢痕增生和畸形 ,使深度手烧伤后获得满意的外形和功能     

建立小鼠增生性瘢痕动物模型的研究

目的:应用小鼠建立自身产生的、与人类类似的增生性瘢痕动物模型。方法:在小鼠耳耳腹面形成边长约3mm的方形全层皮肤缺损创面,愈合后,用计数细胞层数的方法对增生块进行病理学观察,比较瘢痕增生程度。结果:小鼠耳腹面可产生类似于人类的增生性瘢痕。外观明显产生增生80%。结论:这一动物模型可能成为研究人类瘢痕的动物模型。     

关节功能部位复合皮移植12例分析

目的 :修复关节功能部位创面 ,包括切、削痂后创面、肉芽创面、外伤性软组织缺损、疤痕切除松解后创面 ,寻找一种较为理想的创面覆盖材料 ,从而达到恢复关节功能的目的。方法 :应用桀亚真皮与自体刃厚皮片复合移植。结果 :深度烧伤切痂后创面 5例 ,疤痕切除后创面 5例 ,肉芽创面 1例 ,外伤后软组织缺损创面 1例 ,复合皮成活良好 ,皮肤色泽接近正常 ,关节功能满意。结论 :复合皮移植是治疗关节功能部位创面较为理想的创面覆盖材料。     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体大张薄皮修复功能部位创面的疗效观察

目的：总结功能部位创面用脱细胞异体真皮与自体大张薄皮修复后的疗效。方法：对感染创面清创，控制感染。移植脱细胞异体真皮与自体大张薄皮封闭创面。结果：该技术操作简单，皮片成活良好，外观平整,皮肤弹性好,修复区无功能障碍。结论：关节功能部位创面用脱细胞异体真皮与自体大张薄皮移植能恢复关节功能，避免或减少后期整形。     

Observations on stability and contraction of composite skin grafts: xenodermis or allodermis with an isograft overlay

Composite skin grafts of xenodermis or allodermis with a thin split-thickness isograft overlay were evaluated for stability and contraction. Male inbred Lewis rats were used as recipients, with Buffalo rats serving as allogeneic dermis donors. Cryopreserved human skin was used for xenodermis grafts. The two components of the composite graft, the xenodermis or allodermis and the isograft overlay, were grafted in one operation to a surgically created wound. Wounds were observed for 1 year. The composite skin grafts took fairly well, although spotty loss of the overlaid isograft was noted. The xenodermis and allodermis remained grossly intact even at 1 year after grafting. However, composite skin grafts in this animal model contracted more than did sheet isografts alone.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对增生性瘢痕与正常皮肤成纤维细胞胶原、纤维连接蛋白表达的影响

背景:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能促进愈合伤口产生胶原蛋白、纤维连接蛋白和基质酶的基质成分.然而,细胞增殖、细胞外基质及新生血管的形成或伤口基质重塑过程失调,会导致瘢痕组织过度增殖.目的:观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在正常皮肤创面愈合和增生性瘢痕形成中的作用.方法:从5例进行瘢痕修复手术患者身上同时取正常皮肤和增生性瘢痕组织,分离培养正常人皮肤成纤维细胞和增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞.应用RT-PCR和酶联免疫吸附法检测两种成纤维细胞胶原、纤维连接蛋白基因表达和蛋白合成.采用JC-1染色和流式细胞术测定成纤维细胞线粒体膜电位改变,采用化学发光法检测细胞内ATP水平改变.观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对两种细胞的上述指标的影响.结果与结论:不同浓度碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可减慢增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞生长,抑制增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原表达和合成(P<0.05).碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对正常皮肤和增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞Ⅲ型胶原表达和合成均无影响.然而可上调正常皮肤成纤维细胞表达纤维连接蛋白(P<0.05).此外,10,100 μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子处理后增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞线粒体膜电位呈去极化趋势,正常皮肤成纤维细胞中ATP水平显著增高(P<0.05).结果表明,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在正常皮肤创面愈合和增生性瘢痕形成中可能有不同的作用和机制.     

Application of split-thickness dermal grafts in deep partial- and full-thickness burns: a new source of auto-skin grafting

Early tangential excision of nonviable burn tissue, followed by immediate skin grafting with autograft or allograft, has resulted in the improvement of burn patient survival. The aim of this study was to add split-thickness dermal grafts (STDGs) as a new source of auto-skin grafting tool to our reconstructive armamentarium in deep partial- and full-thickness burns and soft tissue defects. The authors successfully applied STDGs along with split-thickness skin grafts as a new source of auto-skin grafting in 11 deep partial- and full-thickness burns over a period of 1 year without any significant donor site morbidity. Dermal graft take was complete in all but one patient. There was no donor site healing problem, and donor site epithelization was completed generally 1 week later than split-thickness skin graft by semi-open technique. Autologous split-thickness skin grafting still remains the standard therapy for burn wound closure but may be in limited availability in severe burns. The authors conclude that STDGs may be a new source of auto-skin grafting tool in extensive deep partial- and full-thickness burns.     

肥厚性瘢痕胶原酶治疗效果的初步观察

背景肥厚性瘢痕是是烧伤和创伤后局部胶原合成与降解平衡失调,胶原异常聚集的结果.目的观察胶原酶影响裸鼠移植肥厚性瘢痕胶原降解的过程,以及其对肥厚性瘢痕的治疗作用.设计对照实验.单位解放军第三军医大学西南医院康复理疗科.对象实验于1995-07/1997-04在第三军医大学实验动物中心完成.肥厚性瘢痕标本10例,均为第三军医大学西南医院整形外科手术切除的肥厚性瘢痕,术前已征得患者同意.实验动物BAVB/C裸鼠15只,雄性8只,雌性7只.共移植肥厚性瘢痕组织15只,一次存活10只,余2次移植,存活动物2只,死亡3只.将存活裸鼠随机分为胶原酶治疗组和对照组,每组6只.方法将整形手术切除的肥厚性瘢痕移植于裸鼠背部创面,建立肥厚性瘢痕裸鼠移植模型.胶原酶治疗组局部注射1%胶原酶于瘢痕组织,对照组局部注射胶原酶溶解液,1次/周,共4周,治疗结束后取材行肉眼观察、光、电镜观察和分析.主要观察指标①治疗前后瘢痕组织的肉眼观察结果.②治疗前后瘢痕组织的光镜观察结果.③治疗前后瘢痕组织的电镜观察结果.结果移植瘢痕后实验裸鼠存活12只,均进入结果分析,胶原酶治疗组6只,对照组6只.①胶原酶治疗组瘢痕面积变小、高度变低、质地变软,与对照组相差十分显著.②在苏木精-伊红染色、Van Gieson氏胶原纤维染色方法和复合染色法切片上,胶原酶治疗组真皮层变薄,胶原纤维结构模糊,排列较疏散;而对照组瘢痕组织真皮层肥厚,含丰富的胶原纤维,胶原纤维排列紊乱.③在电镜下观察,胶原酶治疗组胶原纤维被破坏,结构不清.对照组胶原纤维排列紊乱,横纹明显,结构清楚.结论胶原酶使肥厚性瘢痕胶原被降解,瘢痕变小变软,提示局部注射胶原酶可能是治疗肥厚性瘢痕较好的方法.     

烧伤后瘢痕整形患者反刍性沉思、家庭关怀度与创伤后成长水平的相关性分析

目的 探究烧伤后瘢痕整形患者反刍性沉思、家庭关怀度与创伤后成长水平的相关性.方法 选择我院2018年3月至2020年3月收治的烧伤后瘢痕整形患者100例,借助一般资料调查患者基础信息,借助创伤后成长量表、家庭关怀度指数问卷、事件相关反刍性沉思问卷进行调查,经Pearson相关性检验分析烧伤后瘢痕整形患者反刍性沉思、家庭...     

异体脱细胞真皮基质作为组织工程皮肤真皮支架的可行性

背景:组织工程皮肤是目前研究皮肤损伤修复重建的重要手段之一,异体脱细胞真皮基质不存在免疫原性,在异体移植时不会发生排斥反应,是比较理想的真皮替代物。目的:观察异体脱细胞真皮基质的组织相容性。方法:以正常人体真皮组织作为对照,通过体外、体内细胞毒性实验检测异体脱细胞真皮基质的组织相容性,以膨胀度、饱和含水量及生物力学分析检测异体脱细胞真皮基质的亲水性及机械性能。结果与结论:真皮基质中未见任何细胞成分,其网孔直径介于100～180μm之间。脱细胞真皮基质组饱和含水量为(69.6±3.97)%,膨胀度2.30±0.42,最大断裂力为(3.082±0.046)N,与对照组相比,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。体内外细胞毒性检测,未见明显细胞生长抑制及免疫排斥反应。提示异体脱细胞真皮基质机械性能接近正常皮肤,组织相容性好,免疫排斥反应小,是构建组织工程皮肤理想的真皮材料。     

血管内皮细胞生长因子在烧伤后肉芽组织和增生性瘢痕中的表达

目的观察血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF)在烧伤创面肉芽组织和烧伤后不同时期增生性瘢痕中的动态变化 ,探讨VEGF在烧伤创面修复过程中的表达规律及其作用。方法选择临床手术切除的新鲜烧伤创面肉芽及各个时期的增生性瘢痕 ,制成匀浆液 ,应用ELISA方法检测匀浆液中VEGF的变化。结果VEGF可在烧伤创面肉芽组织中有一定的表达 ,随着增生性瘢痕的发展 ,其表达量进一步增加 ,在 4— 6个月的增生性瘢痕中 ,表达量达到峰值。瘢痕成熟后 ,VEGF的组织表达逐渐下降。结论VEGF的表达量与增生性瘢痕组织中的血管丰富程度以及成熟程度密切相关