Observation of therehabilitative curative effects after the radical operation or modified radical operation of mastocarcinoma

Background：Thepatientmaydevelopdysfunctionoftheupperlimbsaftertheradicaloperationofmastocarcinoma，andsocausesthedecliningoftheabilityofdailyself－care，andtogetherwithaseriesofotherproblemssuchasthepatients＇psychologicaldysfunctionduetotheexcisionoftheorgan．Andthispsychologicalproblemaffectsbadlytheviabilityofthepatients．Objective：Todiscussthepostoperativerehabilitativeeffectsofradicaloperationormodifiedradicalmastoectomy．Unit：People＇sHospitalofYuebei．Subject：１２６casesunderthesu…     

Effect of music therapy and behavioral therapy on schizophrenia patients

BACKGROUND：Musicplaysstronginfluenceonhumanpsycheandphysiology．Itcanamelioratepeople＇semotionandcog－nitionlevelandchangepeople＇svolitionalbehavior．Behavioralcorrectionchangescognitiveprocessandideasandcorrectsbadmotionandbehaviorthroughpositivereinforcement，negativerein－forcement，positivepunishmentandnegativepunishment．OBJECTIVE：Toinvestigatetheeffectofmusictherapyandbehavioraltherapyonschizophreniapatients．UNIT：SchizophreniaPreventionandTreatmentHospitalofJiningCitySU…     

The effect of QOG magnetopolarization quantum blood treatment machine on improving neural function defectio n of patients with stroke

BACKGROUND：MagnetopolarizationquantumbloodQOGtreatmentmeansusingauto－venousbloodorotherpeople＇sbloodofsametype１５０to２００mlandtransferringbacktobodyafterexternalanticoagulation．OBJECTIVE：ToobservetheeffectofQOGMagnetopolariza－tionquantumbloodtreatmentmachineonimprovingneuralfunctiondefectionofpatientswithstroke．UNIT：DepartmentofWesternMedicineandTraditionalChi－neseMedicine，FifthPeople＇sHospitalofJi＇nanCitySUBJECTS：１２０patientsenteredthisstudyaccordingtothed…     

Rehabilitatioin guide to dysphagia of seniles troke patients

Background：Dysphagiaisacommoncomplicationofstroke．ItismainlycausedbyPseudobulbarpalsyandseldomcausedbyactualbulbarparalysis．Manydysphagiapatientscan＇teatbymouthanddependonnasalfeedingcompletely，whichisdisadvantageoustopatients＇rehabilitation．Soitisimportanttogiverehabilitationguidetodysphagiapatientsandrecovertheirswallowfunctionassoonaspossible．Objective：Giverehabilitationguideandexercisetodysphagiaofsenilestrokepatientsandobservecurativeeffects．Unit：CenterHospitalofNortheastEl…     

The in fluence of acute cerebral infarction early treatment on the patients'''' recovery of nerve function

Background：８０％strokepatientsstillleavebehindfunctionaldisturbanceindifferentdegreeaftertreatment，whichmakegreatinfluenceonpatients＇livinglevel．Prognosisofacutecerebralin－farction（ACI）isdifferentwhenwetreatitindifferentwayintheearliertime．Objective：ToobservetheBarthelindexanddisabilitydegreeofdischargepatientswhoreceivedoneofthreeearlytreatmentmethods，todiscusstheinfluencesmadebyACIearlytreatmentmethodsonpatients＇prognosis，livingqualityanddisabilityde－gree．Design：Weselecte…     

Acupuncture therapy on 30 cases of acquired ophthalmoplegia

BACKGROUND：Causeofacquiredophthalmoplegiaiscom－plex．Withprolongedcourse，diplopia，optoconfoundingandvertigosymptoms，treatmenteffectswerenotgoodenoughforsomepatients．OBJECTIVE：Toinvestigatetheeffectofacquiredophthal－moplegiatreatmentusingcombinationofacupunctureandroutinemedicine．UNIT：DepartmentofOphthalmology，Shenyang１０thPeople＇sHospitalSUBJECTS：３０casesofacquiredophthalmoplegiapatientswith２０malesand１０femalesandtotal３７eyes．Allthepatients＇agerangingfrom１０…     

Clinical significance of rehabilitative education for diabetes patients

Background：Diabetesisakindofchronicallypermanentdisease．Managementduringhospitalizationwasinsufficient．Now，healtheducationistheimportantprojectindiabetesstudy．Patients＇lifestyle，attitudetoconditionandprevioustreat－mentshowedobviousimpactondiabetescontrol．Someinvestigatorsindicatedpatientshadlessknowledgeaboutdiabetes－relatedmat－ters，andtheirself－healthideawasunobvious．Theyrarelyabidedbyphysicians＇demands．So，rehabilitativeeducationisimportantfordiabetespatients．Objective：To…     

糖尿病教育对2型糖尿病患者血糖及并发症发生率的影响

BACKGROUND：Intreatmentofdiabetes，thekeytoensurepatient＇slivingqualityistoeffectivelyalleviatepatient＇sconditionandcontrolcomplicationsanddiabeteseducationisanimportantmethodtomakepatientacquaintedwiththediseaseandsticktolife－longtherapy．OBJECTIVE：Toobservetheeffectofeducationonbloodsugarandcomplicationsof２typediabetes．UNIT：SecondAffiliatedHospital，GuiyangCollegeofChineseTraditionalMedicineSUBJCETS：１９６casesof２typediabeteswereinvestigated，including１３４outpatient…     

The therapy with the large dosage of methylprednisolone for the Bell palsy

Background：ThemainpathologicalimpairmentsincludeedemaoffacialnerveanddifferentleveldegenerationofmyelinsheathoraxiscylinderinBell＇spalsy．Theprognosisofthedis－easeresultsfromseveredegreeofthediseaseandwhethertreat－mentsaretimelyornot．ThetherapywithlargedosagesofMethylprednisolone（MPS）inveinforBell＇spalsy，canrelievelocaledema，improvenerveconduction，avoidprogressiveimpair－mentsofmyelinesheathandaxiscylinderandpromoterepairsofmyelinesheath．Objective：Todiscusstheeffectsoflargedosa…     

The correlation analysis between ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in elderly patients with hypertension and decreasing occurrence of disabled diseases

BACKGROUND：Becauseofrequiringtakingmedicinlong－termly，manypatientswithhypertensioncannotpersevere．Missedtakingandstoppingtakingwithoutauthorizatiowhenbloodpressurearestableornotcontrolledareactivefactointreatmenteffect．Thebloodpressureofsomeoutpatientsarnotcontrolledeffectivelyandbecauseofhavingsubjectivsymptomstheyhasn＇tchangedthekindandquantityomedicine．Thebloodpressureofsomepatientsarenotcontrolleeffectivelyaftertakingonekindofhypotensor，otherwisedoctorhasn＇tadjustedtreatmentre…     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴高血压病的临床特征和危险因素分析

目的评估未治疗的初诊慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴高血压病患者的患病率、临床特征及危险因素。方法采用横断面人群筛查方法抽样受试者,最终纳入初诊COPD患者569例,并分为COPD伴高血压病组249例,COPD不伴高血压病组320例。观察2组呼吸道症状、生活质量评分、血液指标;分析初诊COPD伴高血压病的高危因素。结果COPD伴高血压病组平均年龄、男性占比、身体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟指数高于COPD不伴高血压病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COPD伴高血压病组合并糖尿病和心血管疾病比率均高于COPD不伴高血压病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COPD伴高血压病组改良呼吸困难指数(mMRC)和慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)评分均高于COPD不伴高血压病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COPD伴高血压病组白细胞总数、中性粒细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数均高于COPD不伴高血压病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COPD伴高血压病组静脉空腹血糖、甘油三酯、尿酸、血肌酐水平均高于COPD不伴高血压病组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低于COPD不伴高血压病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高龄、肥胖、空腹血糖升高、单核细胞绝对值升高是COPD伴高血压病的独立危险因素。结论高龄、肥胖、单核细胞计数增高、高血糖的COPD患者更容易合并高血压病,其生活质量较差。全面评估监测COPD患者的代谢状况,控制危险因素,减少合并症的发生具有重要意义。     

Clinical evaluation and significance of measurement of airway hyperresponsiveness in COPD]

Airway hyperresponsiveness (HR) is one of the clinical characteristics of bronchial asthma and COPD. HR of COPD has been known to correlate with progress of pulmonary function in COPD. In order to evaluate the necessity of HR measurement, HR of COPD alone, COPD with asthma, asthma and control subjects was compared. Patients with COPD alone exhibited weak HR, while COPD with asthma represented severe HR, which was the same degree with asthmatics. From these results, we should be cautious in measurement of HR in COPD. Especially patients with FEV1 less than 1 L should be prevented from HR test.     

D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原检测在慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并2型糖尿病患者中的临床意义

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血浆D-二聚体（D-D）及纤维蛋白原（FIB）的含量,探讨COPD合并T2DM凝血与纤溶机能的变化。方法选择25例COPD合并T2DM患者、25例单纯COPD患者及25例正常对照组进行血浆D-D及FIB含量的检测。结果 COPD合并T2DM组血浆D-D及FIB含量分别与正常对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义,COPD合并T2DM组血浆D-D及FIB含量均高于单纯COPD组。结论 COPD合并T2DM患者体内可能存在凝血与纤溶平衡失调,通过对血浆D-D及FIB的检测,及时防治疾病的发生发展。     

COPD规范化培训对基层医院COPD规范化诊治的提升作用

目的了解农村基层医院在接受慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）规范化培训后对COPD规范化诊治的提升情况。方法随机抽取重庆市某县级医院COPD病历50份进行质量评分,针对其存在的问题进行COPD规范化诊治培训,对培训后的COPD病历质量评分结果进行对比分析。结果 COPD病历评分,包括规范化诊断、规范化治疗及长期健康教育等方面,经规范化培训后均有显著提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论规范化培训COPD知识对基层医院呼吸科COPD规范化诊治有明显提升作用。为进一步提高农村COPD规范化诊治,应继续加强对农村基层医院COPD规范化培训。     

Epidemiology of COPD in Japan

The prevalence of COPD in Japan is revealed to be 8.6 % which is almost the same as foreign countries. However, there are many undiagnosed COPD patients. More than half of undiagnosed COPD patients go regularly to medical institution with other diseases. Among the patients who are 40 or more and go clinics with non-respiratory diseases, the prevalence of COPD is 8.6 to 10.3 %. If they have smoking history or some respiratory symptoms, the prevalence of COPD is 22 %. In Japanese reports, atherosclerosis is detected in 73.8 % of COPD patients, and the prevalence of COPD is high in heart failure, ischemic heart failure and liver diseases. The effort to decrease the mortality of COPD in Japan is necessary.     

Tryptase enzyme activity is correlated with severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tryptic enzymes, including tryptase, a signature enzyme in mast cells, are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic inflammatory airway disease. However, the relationship between tryptase enzyme activity and COPD remains to be investigated. We therefore measured the enzyme activity and immunoreactivity of tryptase in the sputum and plasma of COPD patients in the present study. The results showed that tryptase enzyme activity in the sputum of severe COPD patients (FEV(1)s being recorded at ≤ 30% prediction values) was 3.4 times greater than that in patients with mild COPD (FEV(1)s being recorded at ≥ 80% of predicted values), whereas tryptic activity was 2.0 times higher in the severe COPD patients than in mild COPD patients. Moreover, tryptase enzyme activity, but not tryptic enzyme activity, was significantly elevated in the plasma of severe COPD patients compared with that of mild COPD patients. The level of immunoreactive tryptase was 1.9 times higher in the sputum of the severe COPD patients at admission than that at remission stage. We also employed a rat model of cigarette smoke-induced COPD. After 36 weeks of daily challenges with cigarette smoke, a well-established risk factor of COPD, tryptic and tryptase activities in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were elevated 1.5 and 2.6 times, respectively. These results indicate that smoking induces tryptase enzyme activity in the airway. In conclusion, tryptase enzyme activity is markedly increased in sputum and plasma of severe COPD patients. Enhanced tryptase enzyme activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.     

热休克蛋白70与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的关系

目的探讨热休克蛋白70(HSP70)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的关系。方法选取COPD患者130例,按照暴露情况分为吸烟COPD组100例(按肺功能分为轻、中、重度)、不吸烟COPD组30例;同时选取对照组60例,按暴露情况分为吸烟对照组30例、不吸烟对照组30例。采用Westernblot法检测各组HSP70表达。分析四组及不同程度的吸烟COPD患者与HSP70的关系。结果吸烟COPD组、不吸烟COPD组、吸烟对照组和不吸烟对照组的HSP70吸光度分别为:19.22±5.33、21.96±7.85、22.65±10.01和22.21±8.94,吸烟COPD组中外周血HSP70的表达明显低于不吸烟COPD组、吸烟对照组及不吸烟对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=2.41、3.25、2.98,P均<0.05);重、中、轻度COPD组的HSP吸光度分别为:17.92±5.81、24.13±13.11和26.82±14.93,重度的COPD患者外周血HSP70的表达明显低于中度及轻度的COPD患者,中度COPD患者低于轻度的COPD患者,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=2.50、3.93、3.18,P均<0.05)。线性回归分析显示:HSP70与COPD的严重程度呈负相关(r=-0.57,P<0.05)。结论 HSP70与COPD的发生相关,且HSP70表达的高低与COPD疾病的严重程度呈负相关。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者对疾病的认知情况

目的调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者对COPD疾病知识的认知情况,以期为今后有效开展COPD患者的自我管理干预提供依据。方法便利抽样法选取2010年3-8月间某地区3所三级甲等医院和2所二级甲等医院呼吸内科住院或门诊的137例COPD患者,采用自行设计的调查问卷对其进行COPD认知情况的调查。结果 137例COPD患者知识问卷总评分为3～29分,平均（15.55±6.28）分。患者在类固醇激素应用、吸入型支气管舒张剂应用、康复训练、家庭氧疗、肺部感染等主题的评分处于低水平,分别为（0.77±0.28）、（1.02±0.20）、（1.28±0.19）、（1.32±1.08）、（1.60±0.89）分。患者在COPD疾病本质、病因、抗生素应用、COPD症状、吸烟等5个主题的评分处中等水平。结论 COPD患者对自身疾病知识的掌握程度不高,针对性的健康教育亟须加强。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生活习惯与复发的相关性调查

目的探讨影响市区老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者疾病复发的居家生活习惯,提出有针对性的健康教育及社区干预措施。方法用自制的问卷对某街道100例老年COPD患者近3年的疾病复发和日常居家生活情况进行调查,并探讨其日常居家生活中与疾病复发相关的因素。结果在老年COPD患者的居家生活中,吸烟与取暖方式（空调）是影响其疾病复发的主要相关因素,日平均开窗时间、学历和年龄与疾病的复发存在一定的相关性,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论应该加强对老年COPD患者的健康宣传力度,减少吸烟和空调的使用程度,养成良好的居家生活习惯,从而降低疾病的复发率,提高患者的生活质量。     

Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan--international comparison

Substantial variation among countries has been reported regarding mortality data for COPD in industrialized countries. Differences in COPD death rates among countries have attracted considerable attention, with multiple suggested hypothesis, including smoking behaviors, air pollution, respiratory infections and genetic factors. However, the lack of standardization of death certification as well as differences among countries in diagnostic standards of COPD, could limit the interpretation of the data. No meaningful international comparisons of COPD prevalence can be possible until a GOLD initiative bring information about COPD to public health officials, the medical community, and the public throughout the world. No comparable data regarding the COPD epidemiology such as Nippon COPD Epidemiology(NICE) study, has been available in other countries than Japan. NICE study indicated that most of COPD cases(90%) are undiagnosed, and a significant attention will be required to raise awareness of COPD.