HCG及PLF水平与胎儿发育迟缓的相关研究

目的探讨孕妇血浆绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）及胎盘异铁蛋白（PLF）水平与胎儿宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）发生、发展的关系。方法对晚孕早期（孕24—34周）最初正常的1802例孕妇，根据随访妊娠结局分为IUGR组（64例），用化学发光法进行血浆绒毛膜促性腺激素和胎盘异铁蛋白的水平测定，并与正常组（50例）对比分析。结果IUGR组p—HCG为（50．63±8．86）μg／L校正常组（18．76±3．69）μg/L明显升高；而PLF（242．76±43．69）mg／L低于正常组（716．95±82．63）mg／L，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；绒毛膜促性腺激素与胎盘异铁蛋白水平呈负相关（r=-0．563，P〈0．01）。结论晚孕早期绒毛膜促性腺激素水平升高和胎盘异铁蛋白水平的降低与胎儿宫内发育迟缓的发生有密切关系。     

胎儿宫内发育迟缓与血浆AMD、PLF的关系研究

目的:探讨胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)与血浆肾上腺髓质素(ADM)和胎盘异铁蛋白(PLF)的关系,为临床防治IUGR提供新思路。方法:根据随访妊娠结局IUGR组30例、正常组30例,晚孕早期用ELISA法检测血浆ADM水平,化学分析法测定血浆PLF水平。结果:与正常组比较,IUGR组血浆ADM水平明显升高、PLF水平明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。IUGR者血浆ADM水平与PLF显著负相关(r=-0.543,P<0.01)。结论:血浆ADM水平升高和PLF水平降低与IUGR的发生密切相关。     

妊高征对围产儿影响250例临床分析

目的 妊高征对围产儿的影响。方法 取250例妊高征患者为妊高征组，随机抽取正常孕妇310例为对照组，进行不同程度的妊高征与胎儿发育迟缓（IUGR）、新生儿窒息率、围产儿死亡率的比较。结果 妊高征组胎儿发育迟缓（IUGR）、新生儿窒息率、围产儿死亡率均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．005、P〈0．005、P〈0．005）有显著差异。结论 加强孕期系统管理，适时终止妊娠，是降低妊高征围产儿病死率的关键。     

抗心磷脂抗体水平与不良妊娠和胎儿预后的关系

目的　探讨孕晚期妇女血清抗心磷脂抗体水平与不良妊娠结局和胎儿预后的关系。方法　用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定200份孕妇的血清抗心磷脂抗体(ACL)水平与妊高征、胎儿宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息的关系,及其与正常妊娠抗心磷脂抗体水平作对照。结果　妊高征患者中ACL的阳性率为87.2%。IUGR中的ACL阳性率为92.3%,正常妊娠为26.4%。其差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01)。围生儿缺氧组(胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息)中ACL测定明显高于正常新生儿组(P＜0.05)。 结论　孕妇ACL水平测定对不良妊娠结局和胎儿预后具有临床意义     

重度妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘表皮生长因子受体的表达

目的：研究胎盘表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)蛋白及基因的表达在置度妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)发病中的作用以及对妊高征胎儿生长发育的影响。方法：采用免疫组织化学法和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术测定21例重度妊高征患者[分2组，重度妊高征合并胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)组9例和重度妊高征未合并IUGR组12例]胎盘EGFR的表达，并与15例正常妊娠者(对照组)比较。结果：与对照组相比，重度妊高征患者胎盘EGFR蛋白及其mRNA的表达显著降低(P＜0．01)，重度妊高征合并EGFR组与重度妊高征未合并IUGR组之间胎盘EGFR的表达差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论：胎盘滋养层细胞EGFR表达显著降低，可能是重度妊高征发病的重要因素；如果EGFR的低表达发生较早，容易发生IUGR。     

高龄初产妊高征孕妇过氧化反应的研究

目的：探讨高龄初产妊高征孕妇体内过氧化反应。方法：测定正常初产妇、妊高征孕妇妊娠晚期母血过氧化脂质（LPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（DOD）的含量。结果：1．高龄初产妇母血LPO较非高龄初产妇明显升高，SOD明显下降，P＜0．05。孕妇年龄与母血LPO呈明显正相关，与SOD呈明显负相关，P均＜0．05。2．妊高征孕妇LPO较正常孕妇显著增高，SOD显著下降，P＜0．05，并随病情加重LPO水平升高、SOD水平下降更为显著，P＜0．05。3．高龄初产妊高征孕妇母血LPO含量较非高龄初产妊高征孕妇明显增高，P＜0．05，而SOD则无显著变化，P＞0．05。4.妊高征孕妇胎儿宫内生长发育迟缓（IUGR）发生率较正常孕妇显著升高，P＜0．025，各组脐血清LPO、SOD含量无显著差异，P＜0．05。结论：高龄初产妊高征孕妇体内过氧化作用明显增强，LPO水平的升高可能为高龄初产妇妊高征发生率及IUGR发生率增加的原因之一。     

妊高征患者新生儿脐血血小板蛋白激酶C活性变化的研究

目的：探讨不同程度妊高征患新生儿脐血血小板蛋白激酶C（PKC）活性变化与妊高征患病情程度及胎儿宫内发育迟缓之间的关系。方法：底物蛋白磷酸化检测35例妊主同征患及20例健康孕妇新生儿脐血血小板胞膜和胞浆的蛋白激酶C（PKC）活性。结果：轻度妊高征患新生儿脐动，静脉中血小板的细胞膜与细胞浆PKC比活分别与正常妊娠组相比，无明显差异（P＞0．05）；中度及重度妊高征患新生儿脐动，静脉中血小板的细胞与细胞浆PKC比活均高于正常妊娠组（P＜0．01），正常妊娠组新生儿脐动，静脉中血小板的细胞膜和细胞浆PKC比活相比无明显差异（P＞0．05）。而中度及重度妊娠征患新生儿脐动，静脉中血小板的细膜PKC比活明显高于细胞浆PKC比活（P＜0．01），且随病情加重而逐渐明显，正常妊娠组及妊高征各组新生儿脐动脉与脐静脉血小 板PKC比活相比均无明显差异（P＞0．05），重度妊高征合并IUGR患新生儿脐动脉及脐静脉血小板细胞膜PKC比活均高于重度妊高征不合并IUGR患（P＜0．05）。结论：中度及重度妊高征患新生儿脐血血小板PKC存在着异常活化状态，其异常活化程度随妊高征病情加重而增高，重度妊高征患出生的15例新生儿中有6例为IUGR，为40％，其脐静脉血小板细胞膜PKC活性明显高于非IUGR，说明其可介导IUGR的发生和发展。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9在胎儿宫内发育迟缓病人胎盘组织中的表达

①目的　检测胎盘绒毛滋养细胞基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP 9)的表达 ,探讨MMP 9在胎儿宫内发育迟缓 (IUGR)发病中的作用。②方法　采用SP免疫组化法检测 37例妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )并发IUGR病人和 30例非妊高征IUGR病人及 30例正常妊娠孕妇胎盘组织中滋养细胞MMP 9的表达。③结果　正常妊娠组滋养细胞MMP 9阳性表达明显强于妊高征并发IUGR组和非妊高征IUGR组 (H =13.32、16 .2 4 ,P <0 .0 1) ,而后两者差异无显著意义。而且随妊高征病情的加重 ,MMP 9的表达有递减的趋势。④结论　在妊高征并发IUGR及非妊高征IUGR病人胎盘组织中 ,滋养细胞MMP 9的表达均减少 ,与IUGR的发病关系密切     

正常妊娠和妊高征血浆ANP与ET水平及其相互关系的研究

探讨ANP与ET在正常妊娠和妊高征中血浆水平变化规律及相互关系。采用RIA正常孕阳20例,正常妊娠早孕20例,晚孕20例,产后20例,脐血16例以及妊高征孕妇30例,产后20例,脐血16例血浆ANP与ET浓度。结果：（1）血浆ANP水平变化规律：正常妊娠是脐血组＞正常晚孕组＞产后组＞早孕组＞非孕组,后四组之间无显性差异（P＞0．05）,但与脐血组之间有非常显性差异（P＜0．01）;妊高征是脐血组＞孕妇组＞产后组,但无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。（2）血浆ET水平变化规律：正常妊娠是脐血组＞正常晚孕组＞早孕组＞非孕组＞产后组,后四组之间无显性差异（P>0．05）,但与脐血组之间有显性差异（P＜0．05）。妊高征脐血组＞孕妇组＞产后组,但无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。（3）正常妊娠与妊高征血浆ANP和ET水平比较均是：妊高征孕妇组,产后组＞正常晚孕组,产后组（P＜0．01）,脐血组之间变化不明显（P＞0．05）。（4）在正常妊娠和妊高征中,血浆ANP水平与尿蛋白呈负相关(r=-0.33,P<0.05);血浆ET水平与收缩压呈正相关（r=0.20,P<0.05);血浆ANP与ET之间呈正样关（r=0.96,P<0.01).结论：血浆ANP与ET在正常妊娠过程及妊高发病中起着重要作用,并且两之间相互作用,相互影响。     

52例重度妊高征孕妇及围生儿临床分析

目的：探讨重度妊高征孕妇的分娩方式及对围生儿结局的影响。方法：对52例重度妊高征孕妇的分娩方式及58例围生儿进行临床分析。结果：重度妊高征发生率为0．41％，分娩方式以剖宫产最多，占61．54％，自然分娩占23．08％。新生儿平均体重：先兆子痫组2588g，子痫组3109g，两者相比差异有显著性。胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)发生率占29．31％；围生儿病死率6．89％。手术产组围生儿窒息发生率与自然产组围生儿窒息发生率相比差异有显著性(P＜0．05)，早产儿与足月儿Apgar评分比较差弄有显著性(P＜0．0025)。结论：重度妊高征对孕产妇及围生儿均可造成不良影响，适时终止妊娠是重要的措施之一，并能有效的降低围生儿的并发症及死亡率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.