Cyclin D1-CDK4 complex, a possible critical factor for cell proliferation and prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Cyclin D1 and its catalytic partner CDK4 are known to play important roles in the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle. The complex formed by CDK4 and cyclin D1 has been strongly implicated in the control of cell proliferation and prognoses in human malignancies. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 102 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Cyclin D1 overexpression was observed in 59 cases (57.8%) of LSCC, and was significantly correlated with tumor site, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. CDK4 overexpression was observed in 48 cases (47.1%), and was significantly correlated with tumor size and advanced stage. Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression was significantly associated with cell proliferation measured by PCNA (r = 0.812, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.725, p < 0.0001, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. CDK4 overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival. When cyclin D1 and CDK4 are combined, the patients with co-overexpression of cyclin D1-CDK4 revealed the poorest overall survival. Additionally, in early-stage (I-II) cases, co-overexpression of cyclin D1-CDK4 was also revealed to possess a significant prognostic role. By multivariate analysis, cyclin D1 overexpression, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Cyclin D1 overexpression, CDK4 overexpression, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. These findings indicate that cyclin D1 and CDK4 overexpression and/or co-overexpression of these proteins may play a pivotal role in the biological behavior of LSCC and may provide a strong prognostic implication.     

Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 and E-cadherin Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cyclin D1 and E-cadherin are important factors in the progression and metastasis of cancers. Their role in laryngeal carcinoma has been studied with conflicting results. To define the frequency of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin expression and its correlation with both the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Tumor tissue samples from 75 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were examined for cyclin D1 and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of both molecules and the age and sex of the patient, tumor site, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor invasiveness, TNM stages, tumor recurrence and overall survival was analyzed. Cyclin D1 was found to be a significant independent prognostic factor of lymph node metastasis (p?=?0.000). The multivariate analysis revealed that cyclin D1 and E-cadherin expression wasn’t an independent prognostic factor of local recurrence free survival (LRFS) in patients with LSCC (P?=?0.56 and 0.28) respectively. However, the univariate analysis revealed a significant association between them and LRFS (p?=?0.003 and 0.000) respectively. Also, the group of high cyclin D1 /low E-cadherin expression had the poorest prognosis, so they might serve as potential predictors of the prognosis of the patients with LSCC. E-cadherin was found to affect the overall survival (OAS) significantly by the univariate analysis (p?=?0.01). However, by the multivariate analysis the TNM stage was the only independent prognostic factor of OAS (p?<?0.05). Cyclin D1 can be used as an independent prognostic marker of lymph node metastasis in patients with LSCC and can help to identify those patients with clinically negative lymph nodes but with considerable risk for occult metastasis. Detection of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin status in LSCC may contribute to the identification of patients with high risk factors of local recurrence. However, they don’t appear to be better prognostic predictors than other established markers in LSCC.     

Tumorigenicity of chloral hydrate,trichloroacetic acid,trichloroethanol, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal,crotonaldehyde, and acrolein in the B6C3F(1) neonatal mouse

Cyclin B1 is a key molecule for G2/M phase transition during the cell cycle and is overexpressed in various human tumors. However, the expression status of cyclin B1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its clinical significance remain unknown. We used immunohistochemical studies to examine the expression of cyclin B1 in 102 patients with LSCC. The results showed that cyclin B1 overexpression was observed in 40 cases (39.2%) of LSCCs and was significantly correlated with the tumor site (P=0.031), tumor size (P<0.0001), and advanced stage (P=0.003). In addition, cyclin B1 overexpression was associated with patients' overall survival, but not with disease-free survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis. On multivariate analysis, cyclin B1 expression was not recognized as an independent prognostic factor. These findings indicate that cyclin B1 overexpression may be associated with the malignant biological behavior of LSCC.     

Survivin expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and its prognostic implications

We examined the expression of survivin using immunohistochemistry in 102 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Overall, 65.7% (67 out of 102) of tumors were positive for survivin expression and significantly associated with tumor site, poor differentiation, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that survivin expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival respectively. When survivin expression and clinical stage were combined, patients with both survivin-positive and advanced stage (III, IV) revealed poorer disease-free and overall survival when compared with the other cases (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Additionally, in early stage (I, II) cases, survivin expression also showed a significant prognostic trend for disease-free and overall survival (p = 0.0727 and p = 0.0701, respectively). By the multivariate analysis, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and survivin expression were independent prognostic factors both in disease-free and overall survival. These findings indicate that survivin expression is associated with unfavorable clinicopathological parameters and represents an independent marker for prognosis of LSCC.     

S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and its prognostic implications

The F-box protein S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) positively regulates the G1-S transition by controlling the stability of several G1 regulators, such as the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1. However, the clinical significance of Skp2 in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unknown. In this study, a potential distribution of Skp2 in LSCC and its clinical implications was investigated by an immunohistochemical study. Overall, Skp2 overexpression was observed in 36.7% (37 of 102) patients and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.002) and was inversely associated with p27kip1 expression (p=0.026). Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that Skp2 overexpression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival (p=0.0051 and p=0.0002, respectively). When Skp2 expression and p27kip1 expression were combined, patients with both Skp2 overexpression and reduced expression of p27kip1 revealed poorest disease-free and overall survival as compared to the other cases (p=0.0017 and p<0.0001, respectively). Additionally, in early stage (I, II) cases, Skp2 expression was also revealed to possess a significant prognostic factor in overall survival (p=0.0234), but not in disease-free survival (p=0.2055). By multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, tumor grade, tumor size, clinical stage and Skp2 expression were independent prognostic factors both in disease-free and overall survival. These findings indicated that Skp2 expression was closely associated with tumor progression and represented an independent marker for prognosis of LSCC.     

High cyclin E and low p27/Kip1 expressions are potentially poor prognostic factors in lung adenocarcinoma patients

Cyclin E is an important regulator of entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. p27/Kip1 (p27) binds to cyclin E/Cdk2 complex and negatively regulates cell proliferation. We immunohistochemically examined the expression of cyclin E and p27 in 98 cases of resected lung adenocarcinoma to evaluate the prognostic significance of cyclin E and p27. Cyclin E was expressed in 16 cases (16%), and p27 was expressed in 41 cases (42%). Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, patients with cyclin E positive (P=0.0017) and p27 negative (P=0.011), both individually and in combination (P<0.0001), had a worse prognosis. We also analyzed the relationship of these findings to clinicopathological parameters, which revealed that cyclin E-positive, p27-negative cases had a higher Ki67 expression (P=0.012) and a higher rate of lymph node metastasis (P=0.0078) than other groups. Our results suggested that cyclin E over expression, in association with p27 reduction in particular, may potentially be a poor prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma patients. However, to verify the prognostic significance of these factors, a multivariate analysis of a larger number of patients should be undertaken.     

人肺鳞癌组织中Caveolin-1的表达及预后意义

  目的   研究Caveolin-1在人肺鳞癌中的表达, 探讨Caveolin-1的表达与人肺鳞癌临床病理特征以及预后的关系。   方法   运用免疫组织化学法检测人肺鳞癌组织中Caveolin-1、PCNA的表达, 并结合患者的临床病理特征和生存情况进行分析。   结果   Caveolin-1在人肺鳞癌中阳性率显著低于正常肺组织(P < 0.001);Caveolin-1的表达与肺鳞癌的TNM分期(P=0.018) 及淋巴结状态(P=0.006) 有关。在人肺鳞癌组织中Caveolin-1与PCNA表达呈正相关(r=0.360, P=0.018)。生存分析显示肺鳞癌中Caveolin-1阳性组的生存时间显著低于阴性组(P=0.007), 在24例淋巴结未转移组中Caveolin-1阳性组的生存时间显著低于阴性组(P=0.002)。多因素Cox分析显示Caveolin-1阳性表达、高临床分期、支气管残端有癌残留的肺鳞癌患者术后生存时间较短。   结论   Caveolin-1的表达与肺鳞癌的恶性演进呈正相关; 其可促进肺癌细胞的增殖。Caveolin-1可作为评估肺鳞癌患者的不良预后指标。      

Cyclin D1 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Cyclin D1 is one of the G1 cyclins that control cell cycle progression by allowing G1 to S transition. Overexpression of cyclin D1 has been postulated to play an important role in the development of human cancers. We have investigated the correlation between cyclin D1 overexpression and known clinicopathological factors and also its prognostic implication on resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumour tissues resected from 69 NSCLC patients between stages I and IIIa were immunohistochemically examined to detect altered cyclin D1 expression. Twenty-four cases (34.8%) revealed positive immunoreactivity for cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 overexpression is significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (50.0% vs 14.4%, P = 0.002) and with advanced pathological stages (I, 10%; II, 53.8%; IIIa, 41.7%, P = 0.048; stage I vs II, IIIa, P = 0.006). Twenty-four patients with cyclin D1-positive immunoreactivity revealed a significantly shorter overall survival than the patients with negativity (24.0 +/- 3.9 months vs 50.1 +/- 6.4 months, P = 0.0299). Among 33 patients between stages I and II, nine patients with cyclin D1-positive immunoreactivity had a much shorter overall survival (29.7 +/- 6.1 months vs 74.6 +/- 8.6 months, P = 0.0066). These results suggest that cyclin D1 overexpression is involved in tumorigenesis of NSCLCs from early stage and could be a predictive molecular marker for poor prognosis in resectable NSCLC patients, which may help us to choose proper therapeutic modalities after resection of the tumor.     

Cyclin D1 and p16INK4A expression predict reduced survival in carcinoma of the anterior tongue.

Cyclin D1 and p16INK4A are molecules with pivotal roles in cell cycle control and the development of diverse human cancers, and overexpression of cyclin D1 and loss of p16INK4A expression are common genetic events in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The prognostic significance of these molecular events at different sites within the head and neck, however, remains controversial. Thus, we sought to determine the relationship between cyclin D1 and/or p16INK4A expression and disease outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue. Immunohistochemical detection of nuclear proteins cyclin D1, p53, and p16INK4A, and the Ki-67 labeling index was undertaken in tissue sections from 148 tongue cancers treated by surgical resection. Nuclear antigen status was analyzed in relation to pathological variables, tumor recurrence, and patient survival. Statistical significance was assessed using chi2 analysis for pathological variables and the Kaplan-Meier method, log rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards model for survival parameters. Overexpression of cyclin D1 occurred in 68% of tumors (100 of 147) and was associated with increased lymph node stage (P = 0.014), increased tumor grade (P = 0.003), and reduced disease-free (P = 0.006) and overall (P = 0.01) survival. Loss of p16INK4A expression was demonstrated in 55% of tumors (78 of 143) and was associated with reduced disease-free (P = 0.007) and overall (P = 0.014) survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that in addition to pathological stage and regional lymph node status, cyclin D1 overexpression and loss of p16INK4A expression are independent predictors of death from tongue cancer. Loss of p16INK4A in the presence of cyclin D1 overexpression conferred a significantly worse disease-free (P = 0.011) and overall (P = 0.002) survival at 5 years. p53 nuclear accumulation and the Ki-67 labeling index were not prognostic. These data indicate that cyclin D1 overexpression and loss of p16INK4A expression predict early relapse and reduced survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue. Simultaneous assessment of cyclin D1 and p16INK4A protein levels define subgroups of patients at increased risk of relapse and may be of clinical utility in optimizing therapy.     

癌蛋白iASPP在喉鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:从蛋白及mRNA水平检测iASPP在喉鳞癌组织中的表达,并研究其表达与喉鳞癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测99例喉鳞癌和15例癌旁黏膜组织中癌蛋白iASPP的表达,统计分析iASPP的表达与喉鳞癌患者临床病理特征和预后的关系;采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测13例配对喉鳞癌及癌旁组织中iASPP mRNA的表达情况。结果:癌蛋白iASPP在喉鳞癌细胞的胞浆及胞核中均有表达,且iASPP蛋白及mRNA在喉鳞癌组织和癌旁黏膜组织中的表达有显著性差异(P＜0.01)。胞浆iASPP蛋白和胞核iASPP蛋白的表达与喉鳞癌患者的T分期(P=0.001,P=0.021)、临床分期(P=0.001,P=0.010)、淋巴结转移(P=0.001,P=0.003)和复发(P＜0.001,P=0.001)具有显著的相关性。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果表明,胞浆iASPP蛋白高表达组和低表达组、胞核iASPP蛋白高表达组和低表达组的5年无病生存率和5年总生存率间具有显著性差异(P均<0.01)。进一步用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,胞浆iASPP表达水平是喉鳞癌患者预后的独立影响因素(P＜0.01)。结论:癌蛋白iASPP在喉鳞癌组织中的表达显著上调,且与喉鳞癌患者的T分期、临床分期、淋巴结转移和复发密切相关。iASPP可能在喉鳞癌的发生发展中起着重要作用,并有望成为预测和评估喉鳞癌患者预后的重要分子标志物和潜在的治疗靶点。     

细胞周期素E和P53蛋白在胃癌组织中表达及预后意义

目的 :研究细胞周期素E(cyclinE)和P53蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达水平及其与生物学行为和对预后的作用。方法 :应用免疫组化方法检测 1 2 8例胃癌组织中cyclinE和P53蛋白表达水平。 结果 :本组 1 2 8例中 ,cyclinE蛋白阳性 57例 ,占 44 .5 % ;P53蛋白阳性 67例 ,占 52 .3 % ,P53 +/cyclinE +者 48例 ,占 37.5 %。胃癌组织中cyclinE和P53蛋白表达水平与肿瘤大小、浸润深度、局部淋巴结转移、脉管侵犯和远处转移均相关。单因素生存分析显示 ,cyclinE阳性表达组五年生存率 (5 .3 % )显著低于cyclinE表达阴性组 (36 .6 % ,P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,P53蛋白表达阳性的病例五年生存率 (7.8% )显著低于P53表达阴性的病例 (2 2 .6 % ,P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,cyclinE和P53均阳性的病例五年生存率 (2 .3 % ) ,明显低于其他组的病例 (2 7.3 % ,P <0 .0 0 5)。COX模型多因素分析显示 ,cyclinE蛋白表达水平是独立的预后指标 ,P53蛋白表达水平不能作为独立的预后指标。结论 :CyclinE在胃癌中表达具有一定的预后意义 ,P53蛋白在胃癌中表达与肿瘤的生物学行为有关     

81例男性乳腺癌临床特征及生存分析

目的探讨男性乳腺癌的临床特点、治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析81例男性乳腺癌患者的临床及病理特征、复发转移及生存情况。结果本组5年无病生存率和5年总生存率分别为63.6%和77.7%。单因素分析结果显示,影响患者无病生存时间的因素有肿物大小（P=0.002）、淋巴结状况（P=0.041）、临床分期（P=0.000）和辅助化疗（P=0.033）。影响本组患者总生存时间的因素有肿瘤大小（P=0.002）、淋巴结状况（P=0.012）、临床分期（P=0.000）和辅助化疗（P=0.040）。COX多因素分析示临床分期（P=0.000）和辅助化疗（P=0.018）为影响患者无病生存时间的独立因素;同时,临床分期（P=0.000）和辅助化疗（P=0.012）也是影响患者总生存时间的独立因素。结论男性乳腺癌发病率低,预后较差,病理类型以浸润性导管癌为主。以手术为主的综合治疗为其公认的治疗模式,其预后与临床分期和辅助化疗有关。应注意早期诊断和治疗,并重视术后辅助化疗等综合治疗。     

细胞周期蛋白D1、CDK4在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究乳腺癌组织周期蛋白D1、CDK4的蛋白表达定位、表达水平,及与P21蛋白表达、与临床病理指标的关系及其预后意义。方法：①应用免疫组织化学染色方法,检测106例乳腺癌组织石蜡切片上的周期蛋白D1、CDK4的蛋白定位和蛋白表达,比较其与P21的蛋白表达,与临床病理学指标,如病理类型、组织学分型、组织学分级、淋巴结状态、雌激素受体状态、TNM分期等之间的关系;②对周期蛋白D1、CDK4、P21及临床病理指标如肿瘤的组织学分级、淋巴结状态、TNM分期、ER状态等,应用Kaplan-Meier法Log-rank检验进行单因素生存分析,应用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素生存分析。结果：①周期蛋白D1表达定位于细胞核、CDK4的表达位于细胞质和细胞核,周期蛋白D1的阳性率为30.2%,CDK4的阳性率为53.8%。②周期蛋白D1及CDK4的表达与乳腺癌的病理诊断组织学分型、组织学分级、ER状态、临床TNM分期、淋巴结状态、P21蛋白表达水平无关（P＞0.05)。周期蛋白D1的蛋白表达与DCK4的蛋白表达相关（P＜0.05)。③单因素分析提示影响140个月无瘤生存率及总生存率的因素有：临床TNM分期、组织学分级、腋淋巴结状态、周期蛋白D1的蛋白表达（P＜0.05)。在无腋淋巴结转移亚组周期蛋白D1蛋白表达单因素生存分析无统计学意义（P＞0.05),在腋淋巴结有转移亚组周期蛋白D1是影响140个月无瘤生存率和总生存率的因素（P＜0.01)。④多因素生存分析结果表明周期蛋白D1、P21蛋白表达、组织学分级是影响乳腺癌患者无瘤生存率和总生存率的独立预后因素（P＜0.05)。结论：周期蛋白D1、P21的蛋白表达水平及组织学分级可能是判断乳腺癌术后生存的有效指标,综合应用这些指标可能更有帮助。     

Decreasing of p27(Kip1)and cyclin E protein levels is associated with progression from superficial into invasive bladder cancer

The p27(Kip1)(p27) protein is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor of the transition from G1 to S phase. It has been reported that decreased p27 protein level is a negative prognostic indicator in human tumours including bladder cancer. We studied the relationship between protein levels of p27, cyclin E and Ki-67 and clinicopathological features of 145 consecutive Japanese patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder using immunohistochemical staining. Low protein levels of p27 were associated with low staining of cyclin E (P = 0.0302), high Ki-67 index (P = 0.0306), poorly differentiated grade (P = 0.0006), muscle invasion (P = 0.0019) and lymph node metastsis (P = 0.0002). Low staining of cyclin E and high Ki-67 index correlated with poorly differentiated grade, muscle invasion and lymph node metastsis. Cyclin E protein levels was inversely related with Ki-67 index (P = 0.0002). Kaplan-Meier plots of survival rate in patients with low versus high p27 staining showed that low protein levels of p27 were associated with a shortened disease-free and overall survival (P< 0.0001 and P< 0.0001, respectively). Similarly, low staining of cyclin E and high Ki-67 index correlated with a shortened disease-free and overall survival. On multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model, low protein levels of p27 and high Ki-67 index were independent predictors of shortened disease-free (P< 0.0001, P = 0.0031, respectively), and low protein levels of p27, low staining of cyclin E and high Ki-67 index of overall survival (P = 0.0017, P = 0.0009, P = 0.0003, respectively). In superficial bladder tumours (Ta, T1; 86 patients), significant correlations were observed between low p27 staining and high Ki-67 index and early recurrence (P = 0.0048, P = 0.0178, respectively). Among the recurrenced superficial tumours (35 patients), the tumours which remained at a low stage showed high protein levels of p27 and cyclin E, and the tumours which progressed to invasive disease showed a gradual decrease in p27 and cyclin E protein levels over time. Our findings suggest that decreased protein levels of p27 and cyclin E play a role in the progression of bladder cancer and to evaluate these protein levels may be useful in management of the diseases.     

Cyclin D1 overexpression as a prognostic factor in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cyclin D1 is known to play important roles in the G1/S check-point of the cell cycle. We investigated the correlation between cyclin D1 overexpression and clinical characteristics to clarify its prognostic significance in patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS: From 1991 to 1998, cyclin D1 was investigated in esophageal cancers from 86 patients who underwent esophagectomy. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was demonstrated using an immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Overexpression of cyclin D1 was found in 23 (26.7%) of 86 cases. Overexpression of cyclin D1 correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0083) and lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.018). Cyclin D1 overexpression may indicate resistance to chemotherapy. The patients with cyclin D1 overexpression had a significantly lower survival rate than those without overexpression (P = 0.013). The multivariate analysis revealed cyclin D1 overexpression to be an important prognostic factor in patients with esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical examination of cyclin D1 expression may provide important prognostic information in univariate and multivariate analysis and may be necessary for determining therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer.     

肺腺癌根治术后复发与转移的预后因素分析

目的 探讨肺腺癌根治术后局部复发与远处转移的危险因素.方法 收集2005年1月至2010年1月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的102例接受肺叶切除肺腺癌病例,对影响其预后的临床病理因素进行单因素及多因素分析,采用Kaplan-Meier绘制生存曲线,采用Log-rank检验单因素统计学差异,采用COX回归比例风险模型对预后影响因素进行多因素分析.结果 全组1、2、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为74.30％、58.00％、51.50％、44.90％,总的中位无瘤生存期为30个月.单因素分析结果显示,肿瘤直径(x2=9.951,P=0.002)、临床类型(χ2=8.460,P=0.004)、肿瘤分化程度(χ2=4.807,P=0.028)、淋巴结转移情况(χ2=40.516,P=0.000)、病理分期(x2 =38.769,P=0.000)是影响肺腺癌患者根治术后局部复发和远处转移的预后因素.多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤直径(OR=1.943,95％ CI为1.091～3.463,x2 =5.082,P=0.024)、肿瘤分化程度(OR =2.570,95％ CI为1.451～4.552,x2=10.467,P=0.001)、淋巴结转移情况(OR=3.196,95％ CI为1.037～9.849,x2 =4.096,P=0.043)是影响患者术后局部复发和远处转移的独立预后因素.结论 对于肺腺癌根治术的患者,肿瘤直径、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移情况是独立的预后因素.     

Association of CXCR4 and CCR7 chemokine receptor expression and lymph node metastasis in human cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 have been suggested to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. The expression of these receptors in human cervical cancer, however, has seldom been characterized. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the expression of CXCR4 and CCR7 in cervical cancer specimens and determined the association between their expression and the clinicopathological features observed, including patient outcome. RESULTS: CXCR4 expression was significantly higher in elderly patients (P=0.025); it was also significantly increased in patients with cancers displaying large tumor size (P=0.010), deep stromal invasion (P=0.0004), lymph-vascular space involvement (P=0.0002), or lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001). CCR7 expression was significantly higher in cases of squamous cell carcinomas (P=0.010) and in patients with cancers showing large tumor size (P<0.0001), deep stromal invasion (P<0.0001), vaginal invasion (P=0.047), lymph-vascular space involvement (P=0.012), or lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that deep stromal invasion (P=0.017) and CXCR4 (P=0.016) and CCR7 (P=0.022) expression were independent factors that influenced pelvic lymph node metastasis. The disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) rates of patients exhibiting both CXCR4 and CCR7 expression were significantly reduced (P<0.0001). In addition, the expression of both CXCR4 and CCR7 was an independent prognostic factor for OS (95% confidence interval=1.03-17.86; P=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: CXCR4 and CCR7 expression may be associated with lymph node metastasis; moreover, the expression of these receptors can serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.     

胰腺癌组织中p57kip2、cyclinE和PCNA表达与临床病理因素的关系

背景与目的:细胞周期调控异常、细胞过度增殖与肿瘤发生密切相关 ,p57kip2蛋白作为细胞周期负性调控因子与胰腺癌的关系尚很少报道.本研究的目的是探讨 p57kip2、 cyclin E蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原( proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)在胰腺癌发生、发展中的作用.方法:应用免疫组织化学技术( SP法)对 32例胰腺癌组织及癌旁组织中 p57kip2、 cyclin E蛋白和 PCNA表达进行检测.结果: p57kip2蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为 46.9% ,显著低于癌旁胰腺组织 (75.0% )(χ 2=5.317,P< 0.05),并与胰腺癌组织分化程度有关 (P< 0.05),而与淋巴结转移情况无关 (P >0.05); cyclin E蛋白阳性表达率在胰腺癌组织中为 68 8%,显著高于癌旁胰腺组织 (43.8% )(χ 2=4 063,P< 0.05) ,并与胰腺癌组织分化程度和淋巴结转移情况相关 (P< 0.05);PCNA阳性表达率在胰腺癌组织中为 71.9%,显著高于癌旁胰腺组织 (43.8% )(χ 2=5.189,P< 0.05),并与胰腺癌组织分化程度和淋巴结转移情况有关 (P< 0.05). p57kip2阳性胰腺癌组织中 cyclin E蛋白阳性表达率 ( 60.0%)低于 p57kip2阴性胰腺癌组织中 cyclin E蛋白阳性表达率( 76.5%) ,但两者无相关 (r=- 0 11211,P >0.05).结论: p57kip2蛋白低表达和 cyclin E、 PCNA蛋白过度表达与胰腺癌的发生、发展有关.