Parental origin and cell stage of non-disjunction of double trisomy in spontaneous abortion

Using polymorphic analysis of microsatellites, we investigated the parental origin and mechanism of double trisomies seen in cases of spontaneous abortion. We obtained chorionic villi from spontaneous abortions, and peripheral blood from females who experienced abortion and their spouses. Chromosomal analysis of 170 cases revealed four cases with double trisomy. The karyotypes of these cases are 48,XX,+16,+22, 48,XXY,+18, 48,XX,+15,+21 and 48,XX,+2,+5. In the present study, the incidence of double trisomy was 2.4% of spontaneous abortions. Polymorphic analysis of microsatellites indicated that extra chromosomes were all of maternal origin in the four cases of double trisomy. The predominance of maternal origin in cases of double trisomy is similar to cases of single trisomy. The result also indicated that both extra chromosomes in two cases occurred by non-disjunction at the first meiotic division, and extra chromosomes in the other two cases occurred by non-disjunction at the first mitotic division. The mean maternal age in cases of double trisomy was significantly higher than that in cases of single trisomy. These findings suggest the possibility that abnormal separation of two or more chromosomes may occur simultaneously in oogonia, and that this phenomenon may increase in relation to the increase in age of women.     

Trisomy 18 with ectopia cordis, omphalocele, and ventricular septal defect: case report

A case of thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 21 weeks' gestation. Chromosomal analysis showed full trisomy 18. This case supports the associational of thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis (Cantrell's pentad) with chromosomal errors, specifically trisomy 18.     

Trisomy 18 with Ectopia Cordis, Omphalocele, and Ventricular Septal Defect: Case Report

A case of thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 21 week's gestation. Chromosomal analysis showed full trisomy 18. This case supports the associationl of thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis (Cantrell's pentad) with chromosomal errors, specifically trisomy 18.     

胎儿右位主动脉弓与染色体异常的相关性分析

目的：对系统超声检出胎儿右位主动脉弓与染色体异常的相关性进行分析。方法采集2009年1月至2014年12月在我院进行系统超声产前筛查19例右位主动脉弓胎儿,所有入选右位主动脉弓胎儿均进行羊水穿刺进行染色体核型分析,评价系统超声检测出的胎儿右位主动脉弓与染色体异常之间的相关性。结果15例右位主动脉弓超声像图表现气管和食管被气管左侧的动脉导管和气管后方的迷走左锁骨下动脉围成一“U”字形血管结构;1例胎儿有双主动脉弓超声主要表现为气管和食管被左右两侧的主动脉弓环绕成一个“O”字形包绕;3例右位主动脉弓胎儿另有左位动脉导管及头臂动脉影像分支,超声图主要表现为动脉导管在三血管-气管切面上并未有显示出来,气管的前方是动脉导管,未形成血管环;19例右位主动脉弓胎儿均进行染色体核型分析,3例伴室间隔缺损、单心房、三尖瓣闭锁、肺动脉狭窄,核型为18-三体;4例伴室间隔缺损、完全性房室通道、单心房、右室双出口、肺动脉狭窄近闭锁,核型为18-三体;3例伴单心室、单心房,核型为21-三体;1例法洛四联症和1例右位心、主动脉狭窄,伴有22q11.2。结论在产前胎儿超声筛查中要重视三血管-气管切面上的超声图像,有助于提高右位主动脉弓的检出率,胎儿右位主动脉弓与18-三体、21-三体等染色体病有明显相关性,若发现胎儿右位主动脉弓,应进行染色体核型进一步分析,排除染色体病变,从而达到优生优育的目的。     

Association of trisomy 21 and gonosomal trisomy. Apropos of 2 cases

The existence of double autosomal trisomy is exceptional in a newborn child: --Down syndrome and trisomy 18. --Down syndrome and trisomy 13. On the other hand, the association of an autosomal trisomy, generally Down syndrome with gonosomal trisomy, is less rare with an extra X (triplo X, Klinefelter) or an extra Y. The association of Down syndrome with Turner XO syndrome (autosomal gonosomal association) doesn't insert in the subject, and has been described only once in the literature.     

Hepatoblastoma in a mosaic trisomy 18 patient

We report a case of hepatoblastoma in a 10-year-old girl with mosaic-type trisomy 18. A comprehensive literature review reveals only 2 cases involving mosaic trisomy 18 patients. Our patient underwent an abbreviated chemotherapy course before complete surgical resection. Her hepatoblastoma did not contain cells with trisomy 18. The conservative management approach resulted in a successful outcome; she remains disease free >2 years after surgery. Along with presenting a literature review, this report demonstrates a favorable outcome in a mosaic trisomy 18 child with hepatoblastoma where tumor cells lacked a trisomy 18 karyotype.     

Ocular findings in a case of trisomy 18 with variant of Dandy-Walker syndrome

Trisomy 18 is the second most common chromosomal syndrome and has multiple dysmorphic features. However, ocular findings in trisomy 18 are rarely reported. Retinal folds are the most common ocular finding described to date, although retinal hypopigmentation, dysplasia, and areas of hemorrhage and gliosis are also found in trisomy 18. Dandy-Walker syndrome is a brain malformation that has been reported in association with numerous chromosomal abnormalities, although it has rarely been reported in association with trisomy 18. Here, we present a case of trisomy 18 with ocular pathology and variant of Dandy-Walker syndrome, a combination that has not previously been reported.     

Extrahepatic biliary atresia associated with trisomy 18

A case of extrahepatic biliary atresia (EBA) associated with trisomy 18 is presented. A 1-month-old boy was suspected to have Alagille syndrome with obstructive jaundice, a systolic heart murmur, growth retardation, and a small, pointed chin. However, surgery and chromosomal analysis revealed EBA associated with trisomy 18. Chromosomal examination must be performed in patients with jaundice and congenital anomalies. It is possible that EBA in trisomy 18 syndrome is due to a chromosomal disorder. Accepted: 20 April 1998     

Trisomy 21 with XYY

A case of double aneuploidy involving chromosome 21 and Y is reported in an eight-month-old infant with developmental delay and failure to thrive. Patient had all classical phenotypical features of trisomy 21 except, absence of epicanthal folds. The diagnosis was confirmed by cytogenetic study performed on peripheral blood leucocyte culture using G-banding. Literature review revealed only 17 cases of XYY and trisomy 21 reported so far. No such case is reported in Indian literature. Relevant literature is reviwed and possible effects of trisomy 21 on XYY and that of XYY on trisomy 21 has been discussed. A routine chromosomal study even in patient with classical features of Down syndrome has been advocated. Interestingly, our patient also had left to right shunts at atrial and ductal level and tricuspid regurgitation. Given the rarity of the disorder and scanty published data the incidence, phenotype and recurrence risk are difficult to establish.     

Trisomy 21 with XYY

A case of double aneuploidy involving chromosome 21 and Y is reported in an eight-month-old infant with developmental delay and failure to thrive. Patient had all classical phenotypical features of trisomy 21 except, absence of epicanthal folds. The diagnosis was confirmed by cytogenetic study performed on peripheral blood leucocyte culture using G-banding. Literature review revealed only 17 cases of XYY and trisomy 21 reported so far. No such case is reported in Indian literature. Relevant literature is reviewed and possible effects of trisomy 21 on XYY and that of XYY on trisomy 21 has been discussed. A routine chromosomal study even in patient with classical features of Down syndrome has been advocated. Interestingly, our patient also had left to right shunts at atrial and ductal level and tricuspid regurgitation. Given the rarity of the disorder and scanty published data the incidence, phenotype and recurrence risk are difficult to establish.     

Parachute mitral valve,coarctation of aorta,radius aplasia,and omphalocele in an infant with the trisomy 18 syndrome

A premature infant with trisomy 18 had cardiac defects including parachute mitral valve, coarctation of the aorta, and a subcristal ventricular septal defect.The parachute mitral valve was funnel-shaped with a moderately-thick cone of fibrous tissue around the annulus and an eccentric orifice.Many forms of congenital cardiac defects have been described in the 18 trisomy syndrome. However, parachute mitral valve has not, to our knowledge, been part of the spectrum of cardiac defects in trisomy 18.Other anomalies were absent radii, omphalocele, and cleft palate and cleft lip; these have been observed previously in the 18 trisomy syndrome.Studies supported by DHEW/PHS Grant GM20130 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences     

Truncus arteriosus associated with trisomy 18

Summary The spectrum of cardiac anomalies in trisomy 18 typically includes septal defects and polyvalvular disease and only rarely complex malformations. We report the first case of trisomy 18 with truncus arteriosus type II.     

Surgical and anesthetic management for hepatectomy in two pediatric patients with trisomy 18, pulmonary hypertension,and hepatoblastoma

Children with trisomy 18 are surviving longer and undergoing more aggressive life‐sustaining therapy. This report describes two patients with trisomy 18 and hepatoblastoma (HB) successfully resected in the setting of significant pulmonary hypertension. Forty‐four previously published cases of the association between HB and trisomy 18 are reviewed. With careful multidisciplinary preoperative planning, successful resection of HB in children with trisomy 18 who have significant pulmonary hypertension is feasible. Because HB and trisomy 18 are increasing in prevalence, the need for timely liver tumor resection in the setting of pulmonary hypertension will be more common.     

TRISOMY 18 WITH OVARIAN DYSGENESIS

A case of trisomy 18 with ovarian dysgenesis is described. The chromosome study did not reveal any abnormality of the sex chromosomes and therefore we conclude that ovarian dysgenesis is another rare manifestation of trisomy 18.     

Further observations of ocular pathology in trisomy 9

The ocular pathology in a new patient with mosaic trisomy 9 comprised major anomalies and contrasted sharply with the findings in a previous case reported by us. The ocular changes in this case were, in essence, indistinguishable from those encountered in the most severe form of trisomy 13. Similarities to trisomy 18 and 21 were further evidence of the overlap of ocular findings in autosomal trisomies. There is increasing evidence that most, if not all, chromosomes have some role in regulating ocular embryogenesis.     

An infant with trisomy 18 and a ventricular septal defect

Decisions for critically ill infants with trisomy 18 raise thorny issues about values, futility, the burdens of treatment, cost-effectiveness, and justice. We presented the case of an infant with trisomy 18 to 2 neonatologists with experience in clinical ethics, Annie Janvier and Felix Okah, and to a parent, Barbara Farlow. They do not agree about the right thing to do.     

Trisomy 4p and partial monosomy 18q due to paternal translocation t(4;18) (p11; q21.3)

A carrier status for balanced translocation in either of the parents increases the risk of congenital malformation in the offspring. A case, of multiple congenital anomalies in a female newborn was found to be associated with trisomy 4p and partial monosomy 18q as a result of a reciprocal translocation, t(4; 18) (p11; q21.3) in the father. The clinical and cytogenetic findings are compared with characteristic features of trisomy 4p, monosomy 18q and two similar cases reported earlier.     

Hepatoblastoma in a 2-year-old girl with trisomy 18.

A very rare case of mosaic type trisomy 18 associated with hepatoblastoma is described. The patient underwent an extended right hepatic lobectomy at 2 years of age, and the resected tumor was diagnosed as a fetal type dominant hepatoblastoma. The results of chromosome analysis demonstrated that in the peripheral blood and skin, the trisomy 18 cells were 80% and 67%, respectively. On the other hand, although virtually 100% of the cells in the normal liver tissue were 46, XX, about one third of the cells were trisomy 18 in the tumor tissue. At 2 years and 9 months after the operation, the patient was generally healthy and had no evidence of recurrence.     

Detection of Trisomy 18 on Formalin-fixed and Paraffin-embedded Material by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded autopsy material from 10 fetuses and infants with unknown karyotype and anomalies suggestive of trisomy 18 were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Nuclei were extracted from the tissues and hybridized with a chromosome 18–specific centromere probe. The hybridization was successful in 9 of 10 cases. Two cases showed three hybridization signals in most of the nuclei (74% and 85%). These had anomalies frequently occurring with trisomy 18 (congenital heart defect, omphalocele, and horseshoe kidney). Two cases showed a mixture of two and three signals (47%/49% and 59%/36%), suggesting the possibility of mosaicism. One of these cases had anomalies consistent with a trisomy 18 phenotype. In the other case intrauterine growth retardation and syndactylies suggested triploidy. Hybridization with a chromosome 8–specific probe gave a distribution of two and three signals (34% and 62%, respectively). This result strengthened the suspicion of a possible triploid mosaicism. In five of the cases most of the nuclei showed two signals (85% to 88%). However, as only one type of tissue was examined for enumeration of chromosome 18, the possibility of organ mosaicism or other chromosome aberrations cannot be excluded. The FISH technique is applicable on macerated and autolysed formalin-fixed tissue, making it possible to retrospectively analyze autopsy material from aborted and stillborn fetuses and infants. This analysis contributes to a better quality of perinatal autopsies and is helpful in parental counseling. Received March 29, 1999; accepted August 17, 1999.     

A Mosaic Case of Isodicentric Chromosome 18

A case of mosaicism of isodicentric chromosome 18 is reported. Dicentric chromosome 18 occurs rarely and only five cases of isodicentric chromosome 18 have been documented. A high resolution banding method revealed that the karyotype of the patient was mos 46,XX/46,XX idic(18)(pter→q21.3::q21.3→pter), and the ratio of normal and abnormal clones was 1:1. The clinical manifestations, resembling those of trisomy 18 syndrome, were affected by both partial trisomy 18pter→q21.3 and partial monosomy 18q21.3→qter.