Preliminary evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of some 4-(benzyloxy)-benzamides

A series of alkanolamides have been tested for anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure treshold (ScMet) assays and for neurotoxicity (TOX) in rodents. Most interesting were the anticonvulsant results of 2N-methylaminoethanol derivative II, which displayed anti-MES activity (mice) with a protective index (TD50/ED50) of 2.536 higher than that for valproate.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some N-(benzoyl)glycinanilide derivatives

Glycine is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter and recent studies have shown that certain lipophilic glycine derivatives demonstrate anticonvulsant activity in animal epilepsy models. On the other hand, anilide is another fruitful structure for designing potential anticonvulsant agents. Ameltolide, ralitoline and some phthalimide derivatives are the examples of anilide analogs with potent anticonvulsant activity. In this study, two key structural pharmacophores were combined and a series of N-benzoylglycinanilide derivatives were designed. Their anticonvulsant activities evaluated against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazole seizure tests, whereas their neurotoxicity was examined by rotarod test. The preliminary screening results indicated that majority of the compounds were effective in the MES test. None of the compounds showed neurotoxicity according to the rotarod test at studied doses. The most active compound in the series is N-(2-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)benzamide (compound 8) which bearing 4-methoxy substituent on the N-phenyl ring.     

N-[2-(4-特戊酰氧基苯磺酰胺基)苯甲酰基]甘氨酸苄酯的合成

目的合成西维来司钠（sivelestat sodium）的关键中间体N—[2-（4-特戊酰氧基苯磺酰胺基）苯甲酰基]甘氨酸苄酯（1）。方法先以特戊酸、氯化亚砜、对羟基苯磺酸为原料，经酯化、苯磺酸成酰氯得到对位特戊酰氧基苯磺酰氯（4）；再以甘氨酸、苄醇、邻硝基苯甲酰氯为原料经酯化、酰氨化、还原得到N-（2-氨基苯甲酰基）甘氨酸苄酯（7）；将4和7两中间体缩合得1。结果及结论本方法原料廉价易得，条件温和易控，收率较高，适合工业化生产。     

Design,synthesis, and anticonvulsant activity of some derivatives of xanthone with aminoalkanol moieties

A series of new xanthone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant properties in the maximal electroshock, subcutaneous metrazole tests and for neurotoxicity in the rotarod in mice, i.p. and rats, p.o. Compound 9 : R,S‐2‐{2‐[(1‐hydroxybutan‐2‐yl]amino)ethoxy}‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one and compound 12 : R,S‐2‐{3‐[(1‐hydroxybutan‐2‐yl)amino]propoxy}‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one exerted activity in rats, p.o. 2 and 4 h after administration, respectively. Therefore, metabolic stability of the compounds was evaluated with use of rat microsomes, resulting in half‐life t_1/2 136 and 108 min, respectively, indicating that either the metabolites are very active or the parent compounds exert ADME properties other than metabolism which influence the late onset of activity.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-(2-(8-(benzyloxy)quinolin-2-yl)-1-butyrylcyclopropyl)-3-substituted urea derivatives

H‐Dmt‐D‐Arg‐Phe‐Lys‐NH₂ ([Dmt¹]DALDA) is a synthetic tetrapeptide with extraordinary selectivity for the mu‐opioid receptor and is an extremely potent analgesic. [Dmt¹]DALDA is unusual in the way that the greater part of its analgesic potency appears to be produced by its actions in the spinal cord. Furthermore, [Dmt¹]DALDA inhibits norepinephrine re‐uptake and is a mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant. Such characteristics may make [Dmt¹]DALDA particularly effective against neuropathic pain. The present study was designed to compare the effects of [Dmt¹]DALDA and morphine on thermal hyperalgesia in an experimental neuropathic pain model. Neuropathic pain was induced in rats by surgical ligation of the L5 spinal nerve, and thermal pain thresholds were assessed by latencies of paw withdrawal to radiant heat. The increase in paw withdrawal latency was greater after the administration of [Dmt¹]DALDA than that of morphine in neuropathic rats at doses that were equianalgesic in naïve animals. We conclude that [Dmt¹]DALDA is more effective than morphine against thermal hyperalgesia in this experimental model of neuropathic pain.     

N-[3-(2-呋喃基)丙烯酰基]-N'-取代苄基哌嗪类化合物的合成与生物活性研究

目的合成了N-3-[(2-呋喃基)丙烯酰基]-N'-取代基哌嗪类化合物,并对其进行生物活性的初步测试。方法以呋喃丙烯酸为原料,与不同的取代苄基哌嗪反应,得到一系列哌嗪类化合物;通过MTT法,测定目标化合物对血清诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制活性。结果与结论合成了12个未见文献报道的化合物,所有化合物的结构均经IR、~1H-NMR、EA和MS确证;活性测试结果表明,化合物5d、5e、5f、5g、5h、5i具有一定的血管平滑肌细胞增殖抑制活性。     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 8-alkoxy-5-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)quinoline derivatives

Two series of 8-alkoxy-5-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)quinolines and 8-alkoxy-5-(2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one-4-yl)quinolines were synthesized. The anticonvulsant activity of these compounds was evaluated with maximal electroshock seizure test and rotarod test. Among the synthesized compounds, 8-octoxy-5-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)quinoline (4g) was the most active compound with ED₅₀ of 8.80 mg/kg, TD₅₀ of 176.03 mg/kg and protective index of 20.0. Its neurotoxicity was lower than all other synthesized compounds and also markedly lower than that of the reference drug carbamazepine. In addition, the potency of compound 4g against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and bicuculline suggested its broad spectrum activity, and the mechanisms of action including inhibition of voltage-gated ion channels and modulation of GABAergic activity might involve in its anticonvulsant activity.     

Synthesis of some 3-(arylalkylthio)-4-alkyl/aryl-5-(4-aminophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and their anticonvulsant activity

A series of novel 3-[[(substituted phenyl)methyl]thio]-4-alkyl/aryl-5-(4-aminophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles 11-20 and several related Schiff's bases, 3-[[(substituted phenyl)-methyl]thio]-4-alkyl/aryl-5-[[[(substituted phenyl/5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino]-phenyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazoles 21-31 were synthesized for evaluation of their biological properties. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the use of their spectral data besides elemental analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) and neurotoxicity (NT) screens. A number of triazole derivatives, exhibited protection after intraperitoneal administration at the dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg in one or both models employed. Compounds 12, 13 and 14 were subjected to oral MES screening in rats at 30 mg/kg and were observed to protect 50% of the animals employed in the experiment. Antimicrobial and antituberculosis activity of these compounds 11-31 were also screened. Some of the tested compounds showed marginal activity against M. tuberculosis H37 Rv.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some alkanamide derivatives

A group of N-phenylacetamide, N-phenylpropanamide and N-benzylamide derivatives bearing 5-membered heterocyclic rings such as pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole and imidazole rings at omega position were synthesized and their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in the maximal electroshock test. The results indicated that the 1,2,4-triazole ring leads to superior activity than the pyrazole ring and inserting a CH2 group into the anilide structure leading to N-benzyl derivatives did not change the anticonvulsant activity, but caused a noticeable decrease in duration of action. The most active compound was 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide.     

Synthesis and biological activity of 5-(4-[2-(Methyl-p-substituted phenylamino)ethoxy]benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-diones

Thiazolidinedione derivatives are potential antidiabetic drugs that bind and activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and enhances insulin sensitivity. In an effort to develop a novel and effective thiazolidindione derivative, 5-{4-[2-(methyl-p-substituted phenylamino) ethoxy] benzyl} thiazolidine-2,4-diones 7 have been prepared by Mitsunobu reaction of the hydrophobic segment, methyl-p-substituted phenylaminoethanol 4 with hydroxybenzylthiazolidinedione 5 and their ability to activate PPARgamma and inhibit LPS-induced NO production were evaluated.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation of some novel (thio)semicarbazone derivatives of arylalkylimidazole

A number of novel 2-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-1-aryl-substituted ethane-1-one N-substituted phenyl(thio)semicarbazones (1-14) were synthesized to test for their anticonvulsant activity against the two seizure models, maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ). Title compounds were prepared by the reaction of appropriate (thio)semicarbazides with ketones. Neurotoxicity was screened by the rotarod test. The structure of compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis results and the spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI-MS and HRMS. As a result of activity studies, when the thiosemicarbazone compounds were compared at different doses, 2-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-1-(2-naphthyl)ethane-1-one N-(3-chlorophenyl)thiosemicarbazone (3) and 2-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-1-(2-biphenyl)ethane-1-one N-(4-fluorophenyl) thiosemicarbazone (12) were found selective and highly active compounds against MES-induced seizures after 0.5 h and 4 h, respectively. Beside this, 2-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-1-(1-biphenyl)ethane-1-one N-(4-methylphenyl)thiosemicarbazone (14) was the most active compound in the scPTZ-induced seizure test after 4 h. The 2,4-dichlorophenyl (9) and 2-fluorophenyl (10) substituted biphenyl derivatives of thiosemicarbazone compounds showed neurotoxicity at higher doses.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some new dioxolane derivatives

In this study, ten 2-acetylnaphthalene derivatives with a dioxolane structure were synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant activities. Dioxolane derivatives were prepared by the reaction with appropriate ethanone, glycol and p-toluensulphonic acid. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. Anticonvulsant activities of the compounds were determined by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test and subcutaneous metrazol (ScMet.) test. The rotarod toxicity test was used for the assessment of neurological deficits. According to the activity studies compound 6 was found neurotoxic, compounds, 1, 4, 5, 7-9 were found protective against MES and 7-10 were found protective against ScMet. Compounds 2 and 3 were found inactive.     

Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of some [2-amino-6-(4-substituted aryl)-4-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-yl]-acetic acid derivatives

Dihydropyrimidines 4a-r have been synthesized by base catalysed condensation of beta-aroylpropanoic acid, guanidine nitrate and aromatic aldehyde. Structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of 1H NMR and IR spectral data. Anti-inflammatory activity in vivo was evaluated and compared with standard drug diclofenac sodium.     

Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-hydroxypiperidine derivatives

Translated from Khimiko-farmatsevitcheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 22–24, April, 1991.     

7-(4-烃氧基苯基)-4-(4-芳基哌嗪-1-基)-5,6,7,8-四氢苯并[4,5]噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶类化合物的合成与抗肿瘤活性研究

目的设计合成一系列7-(4-烃氧基苯基)-4-(4-芳基哌嗪-1-基)-5,6,7,8-四氢苯并[4,5]噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶类化合物并进行抗肿瘤活性研究。方法以4-(4-羟基苯基)环己酮、氰乙酰胺、单质硫作为起始原料,通过Gewald反应、改进后的Niementowski喹唑啉缩合反应、三氯氧磷氯代反应、亲核取代反应、脱乙基反应及Williamson反应得到相应的目标化合物,采用MTT法测定目标化合物体外抑制人类肺癌细胞株A549增殖的活性,并初步探究其构效关系。结果与结论目标化合物8a、8c、8f和8k在10μmol·L~(-1)浓度下对肿瘤细胞的抑制率达到30%以上,有进一步研究的价值。     

Studies on antidiabetic agents. Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of 5-[4-(pyridylalkoxy)benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones

The synthesis of a series of 5-[4-(pyridylalkoxy)benzyl]-2, 4-thiazolidinediones is described. These compounds were evaluated for hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in genetically obese and diabetic mice, yellow KK. 2-(2-Pyridyl)alkoxy derivatives were found to have much better hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities than 2-(3-pyridyl)- and 2-(4-pyridyl)alkoxy derivatives or even the previously reported compound, ciglitazone. The introduction of a hydroxyl group at the 2-position of the ethoxy chain potentiated the activities. Among the potent compounds, pioglitazone (AD-4833) was selected as a candidate compound.