HMGB1/TLR4通路参与Fibulin-5对肺癌细胞增殖和转移的抑制作用

背景与目的：Fibulin-5在肺癌组织中低表达,具有抑癌作用。高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1,HMGB1)在肺癌中高表达,能够促进肿瘤的侵袭转移。该研究旨在探讨Fibulin-5抑制肺癌细胞增殖和转移的分子机制。方法：该研究首先检测了肺上皮细胞和肺癌细胞中Fibulin-5和HMGB1的表达,然后利用转染试剂将Fibulin-5过表达质粒和HMGB1的siRNA转染人A549细胞。实现Fibulin-5过表达和HMGB1低表达后,采用MTT实验检测细胞增殖情况,Transwell实验检测细胞的侵袭和迁移能力。本研究采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)检测A549细胞中HMGB1 mRNA表达变化,采用酶联免疫吸附剂测定实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELisa)检测HMGB1蛋白的分泌;采用蛋白［质］印迹法(Western blot)检测HMGB1、cyclin D1、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)和TLR4/NF-κB通路相关蛋白的表达变化。结果：在肺癌细胞A549中,Fibulin-5低表达,HMGB1高表达。过表达Fibulin-5和低表达HMGB1后,HMGB1、cyclin D1、MMP2、MMP7和MMP9的表达均明显降低,A549细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力明显减弱(P<0.05);此外,过表达Fibulin-5下调了TLR4、MyD88、p-p65的表达,上调了IκBα的表达(P<0.05)。结论：Fibulin-5可能是通过抑制HMGB1的表达以及其下游的TLR4/NF-κB通路,抑制肺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移的过程。     

miR-506通过调控MCL-1抑制耐阿立替尼非小细胞肺癌A549细胞上皮间质转化的作用机制

目的:探究miR-506通过调控MCL-1对耐阿立替尼非小细胞肺癌A549细胞上皮间质转化（epithelial mesenchymal transformation,EMT）及侵袭转移的影响和作用机制。方法:收集2017年12月至2018年12月我院肿瘤科收治的经PET-CT结合组织病理活检及药敏试验确诊为耐阿立替尼的74例非小细胞肺癌患者的癌及癌旁组织以及人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞为研究对象,分别采用细胞转染、免疫组化染色（IHC）、qRT-PCR和Western Blot法检测上述临床组织和细胞样本中miR-506、MCL-1、BAX/Bcl-2凋亡信号途径及EMT标志蛋白表达水平;此外,采用Transwell细胞实验观察miR-506过表达和MCL-1敲减对A549细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响。结果:免疫组化（IHC）结果显示肺癌患者癌组织中浸润性坏死性病理损伤较癌旁组织明显加重,且癌组织中MCL-1的阳性表达率为94.64%,明显高于癌旁组织的23.27%（P＜0.05）。qRT-PCR和Western Blot结果显示,肺癌组织中miR-506、BAX和E-cadherin的表达明显低于癌旁组织,而MCL-1、Bcl-2和N-cadherin的表达显著高于癌旁组织（P＜0.05）。细胞实验结果表明miR-506过表达和MCL-1敲减能够明显上调BAX和E-cadherin的表达,同时抑制Bcl-2和N-cadherin的表达（P＜0.05）;此外,miR-506过表达和MCL-1敲减均能显著抑制肺癌A549细胞的迁移和侵袭能力（P＜0.05）。结论:miR-506可能通过抑制BAX/Bcl-2/MCL-1凋亡途径发挥抑制耐阿立替尼非小细胞肺癌A549细胞EMT及诱导细胞凋亡作用,有望为临床抗肺癌转移及凋亡抑制靶向治疗提供新分子和靶点。     

Cdc42EP3对结直肠癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响

目的：探讨Cdc42EP3在结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）转移中的作用及相关作用机制。方法：回顾性收集2010年12月至2011年12月于南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院诊治的97例CRC患者的术后病理蜡块,同时收集相关临床病理资料。采用免疫组织化学法检测Cdc42EP3在癌组织与相应正常组织中的表达,随后通过统计学方法分析差异表达,并评估表达水平与临床病理学参数及生存预后之间的相关性。干扰CRC细胞Cdc42EP3的表达后,应用Transwell技术检测Cdc42EP3对CRC细胞的迁移及侵袭能力的影响,并使用Western blot技术检测EMT相关蛋白的表达。通过基因芯片技术及生物信息学分析预测Cdc42EP3的下游靶点STAT1,并通过回复实验验证。结果：Cdc42EP3在癌组织中的表达水平显著高于相应正常组织（P<0.001）,并与肿瘤的淋巴结转移（P=0.011）、TNM分期（P=0.008）及患者生存预后（P<0.001）之间呈显著相关性。干扰Cdc42EP3表达后,CRC细胞的迁移及侵袭能力均明显减弱（P<0.01）。预测出Cdc4...     

Loss of Med1/TRAP220 promotes the invasion and metastasis of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells by modulating the expression of metastasis-related genes

Med1/TRAP220 is an essential component of the TRAP/Mediator complex. In this study, we present a novel function of Med1 in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. We found that the loss of Med1 expression was strongly associated with increased rates of invasion and metastasis in NSCLC patients. Consistent with lung cancer patient data, the knockdown of Med1 in NSCLC cell lines led to an increase in cell migration and invasion. Med1-depleted cells displayed an increase in metastasis in a xenograft tumor model and in an in vivo metastasis assay. Moreover, a microarray analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of the metastasis-related genes uPAR, ID2, ID4, PTP4A1, PKP3, TGM2, PLD1, TIMP2, RGS2, and HOXA4 were altered upon Med1 knockdown. Collectively, these results suggest that the loss of Med1 increases the invasive potential of human NSCLC cells by modulating the expression of metastasis-related genes.     

Mitotic Arrest-Deficient Protein 2B Overexpressed in Lung Cancer Promotes Proliferation,EMT, and Metastasis

As the noncatalytic subunit of mammalian DNA polymerase, mitotic arrest-deficient protein 2B (MAD2B) has been reported to play a role in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage tolerance, gene expression, and carcinogenesis. Although its expression is known to be associated with poor prognosis in several types of human cancers, the significance of MAD2B expression in lung malignancies is still unclear. Our study showed that MAD2B expression significantly increased in lung cancer, especially in the metastatic tissues. We also found that knockdown of MAD2B inhibited the migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lung cancer cells in vitro and the metastasis in vivo, while overexpression of MAD2B had the opposite effect. Microarray and Western blotting data indicated that slug might be its downstream target since knockdown of MAD2B inhibited, while overexpression increased, the expression of slug. Moreover, the expression of MAD2B was found to be positively correlated with slug in lung cancer tissues as well. Collectively, these findings indicate an oncogenic role of MAD2B in lung cancer, and slug might be involved in the process.     

S100P interacts with integrin α7 and increases cancer cell migration and invasion in lung cancer

S100P, a Ca2⁺ binding protein, has been shown to be overexpressed in various cancers. However, its functional character in lung cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that S100P increases cancer migration, invasion and metastasis in lung cancer cells. Ectopic expression of S100P increases migration, invasion and EMT in less invasive CL1-0 lung cancer cells. Conversely, knockdown of S100P suppressed migration and invasion, and caused a reversion of EMT in highly invasive lung cancer cells. These effects were transduced by increasing the interaction of S100P with integrin α7, which activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and AKT. Blocking FAK significantly decreased S100P-induced migration by decreasing Src and AKT activation, whereas inhibiting AKT reduced S100P upregulation on ZEB1 expression. Further study has indicated that S100P knockdown prevents the spread of highly metastatic human lung cancer in animal models. This study therefore suggests that S100P represents a critical activator of lung cancer metastasis. Detection and targeted treatment of S100P-expressing cancer is an attractive therapeutic strategy in treating lung cancer.     

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 promotes prostate tumor growth and metastasis

Cell migration and invasion are critical events during the progression to metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is involved in the progression of human malignancies, but the precise role of MMP-1 in tumor invasion and metastasis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of MMP-1 in tumor cell invasion and metastasis by overexpressing MMP-1 in prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of MMP-1 in prostate cancer cells increases cell invasion and migration as measured by modified transwell assays. Furthermore, the results from a bioluminescence tumor/metastasis model showed that the overexpression of MMP-1 significantly induces prostate tumor growth and the incidence of lung metastasis. We observed that this increase in tumor growth correlates with an increase in tumor angiogenesis. In addition, we assessed the importance of MMP-1 expression in cell invasion and migration by inhibiting MMP-1 activity with specific inhibitor and antibodies. Blockade of MMP-1 activity inhibited prostate cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Treatment of mice with an MMP-1 specific inhibitor significantly decreased prostate tumor growth and incidence of lung metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that MMP-1 plays an important role in prostate cancer progression during the invasive and metastatic stages of the disease.     

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 increases colon carcinoma growth at metastatic sites in an orthotopic nude mouse model

Alterations in migration and adhesion are critical to invasion and metastasis. To examine signaling pathways important for colon tumor metastasis, cells of increased migratory potential from the low migratory SW480 human colorectal carcinoma parental cell line were biologically selected by serial migration through modified Boyden chambers. Several sublines were obtained with statistically significantly increased migration relative to the parental cell line. One highly migratory population was single-cell cloned and characterized. The migratory clones exhibit a four- to five-fold increase in protein and mRNA expression of T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis gene 1 (Tiam1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. To determine directly the role of Tiam1 in the migration of these migratory sublines, the parental SW480 cell line was transfected with a plasmid encoding the Tiam1 protein, and single cell clones were established. Ectopic expression of Tiam1 in these clones led to morphologic changes identical to biologically selected clones and increased migration. Finally, the implantation of clones that overexpress Tiam1 into the cecum of athymic mice resulted in tumor growth in the spleen, liver, and lung, whereas parental cells do not form tumors by this route of injection. These results demonstrate that overexpression of Tiam1 contributes to the metastatic phenotype of colon cancer cells.     

Identification of the role of Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1) in glioma

Glioma is an extremely aggressive and lethal form of brain cancer. Despite recent advances in diagnostics and treatments, prognosis for advanced patients suffering from these diseases remains poor. Therefore, identification of new therapeutic targets for glioma is of significant importance. In this study, we identified the important role of Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1; also known as ZEB2) in glioma. We firstly found that SIP1 expression was high in four tumorigenic glioma cell lines but low in two nontumorigenic glioma cell lines. By knockdown or overexpression assay, we discovered that knockdown of SIP1 expression statistically significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion of tumorigenic glioma cells, while overexpression of SIP1 promoted cell migration and invasion of nontumorigenic glioma cells. SIP1 knockdown inhibits and overexpression promotes glioma cell clonogenicity in vitro. Further studies identified that SIP1 overexpression inhibits expression of E-cadherin and enhances expression of mesenchymal proteins such as fibronectin and vimentin. This study supports the rationale for developing SIP1 as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target for gliomas.     

GPNMB overexpression is associated with extensive bone metastasis and poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma

Glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB) promotes bone metastasis (BM) in various types of cancer. However, GPNMB expression and its function in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and BM is still unknown. Therefore, the clinical significance of GPNMB and its biological function in RCC with BM was investigated in the present study. A total of 31 patients with RCC and BM were retrospectively collected. The association between GPNMB protein expression level on the primary tumor and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate the association between GPNMB expression and the prognosis of the patients. The effects of GPNMB inhibition on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in RCC cells were investigated using short hairpin (sh)RNA. High GPNMB expression level was significantly associated with the number (P=0.001) and the extent of BM (P=0.001), Fuhrman grade (P=0.037), and ERK expression level (P=0.003) of the primary tumor. In addition, GPNMB overexpression was significantly associated with poor prognosis with respect to overall survival time (P=0.001). Furthermore, a specific shRNA sequence targeting the GPNMB gene was constructed and transduced into the ACHN cell line, using a lentivirus vector to obtain a stable cell line with low mRNA expression level of GPNMB. Low GPNMB expression level inhibited RCC cell proliferation, which was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion ability was significantly decreased in GPNMB knockdown RCC cells compared with that in cells transduced with the negative control shRNA. In addition, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated ERK were lower in the GPNMB shRNA-transduced ACHN cells compared with those in the control cells. Therefore, these results suggested that GPNMB plays an important role in tumor progression in RCC with BM. Furthermore, it might serve as a predictive marker for BM and as a poor prognostic factor in RCC with BM. GPNMB downregulation suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of the RCC cells, which may be mediated through the inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway.     

Overexpression of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase predicts poor prognosis in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma

Tumor recurrence is the most common cause of disease failure after surgical resection in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Identification of clinically relevant prognostic markers could help to predict patients with high risk of disease recurrence. A meta-analysis of available lung adenocarcinoma microarray datasets revealed that T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is overexpressed in lung cancer. Using stable cell lines with overexpression or knockdown of TOPK, we have shown that TOPK can promote cell migration, invasion, and clonogenic activity in lung cancer cells, suggesting its crucial role in lung tumorigenesis. To evaluate the prognostic value of TOPK expression in resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma, a retrospective analysis of 203 patients diagnosed with pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma was carried out to examine the expression of TOPK by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The prognostic significance of TOPK overexpression was examined. Overexpression of TOPK (IHC score >3) was detected in 67.0% of patients, and these patients were more frequently characterized with disease recurrence and angiolymphatic invasion. Using multivariate analysis, patient age (>65 years old; P = 0.002) and TOPK overexpression (IHC score >3; P < 0.001) significantly predicted a shortened overall survival. Moreover, TOPK overexpression (IHC score >3; P = 0.005) also significantly predicted a reduced time to recurrence in the patients. Our results indicate that overexpression of TOPK could predetermine the metastatic capability of tumors and could serve as a significant prognostic predictor of shortened overall survival and time to recurrence.     

RasGRF2 promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by modulating expression of MMP9 through Src/Akt/NF-κB pathway

Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 (RasGRF2) is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors family which is expressed in a variety of tissues and cancer. However, the role of RasGRF2 in cancer is less reported, especially in colorectal cancer(CRC). Hence, the present study aimed to investigated the function of RasGRF2 and ways in which it affects tumor progression in CRC samples and cell lines. We first measured RasGRF2 mRNA level in 26 paired tumor and nontumor colon tissues after colon cancer surgical resection, and determined RasGRF2 protein level in 97 paired paraffin-embedded colon cancer tissues, and found that levels of RasGRF2 mRNA and protein were increased in colorectal tumor tissues, compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. We then examined the effects of RasGRF2 knockdown on proliferation, migration and invasion were analyzed in CRC cells (SW480, HCT116 and LS174T). HCT116 cells with RasGRF2 knockdown were injected into the tail vein in nude mice to yield metastatic model, and tumor metastasis was measured as well. We found that knockdown of RasGRF2 in CRC cells reduced their migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in mice. Furthermore, we explored the underlying molecular mechanism for RasGRF2-mediated CRC migration and invasion. The results showed that knockdown of RasGRF2 in CRC cells impairing the expression of MMP9 and inhibiting the activation of Src/Akt and NF-κB signaling. We conclude that RasGRF2 plays a role in controlling migration and invasion of CRC and modulates the expression of MMP9 through Src/PI 3-kinase and the NF-κB pathways.     

Sp1 expression regulates lung tumor progression

The role of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) in controlling gene expression in lung tumor development and metastasis is not well understood. In this study, we showed that the Sp1 level was highly increased and required for lung tumor growth in transgenic mice bearing Kras-induced lung tumors under the control of doxycycline. Furthermore, the Sp1 level was highly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cells with low invasiveness and in patients with stage I lung cancer. We also demonstrated that Sp1 was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cells with high invasiveness and in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, Sp1 inversely regulated migration, invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vivo. In addition, a decrease in the Sp1 level in highly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cells resulted from instability of the Sp1 protein. Furthermore, overexpression of Sp1 in highly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cells increased expression of E-cadherin, a suppressor of metastasis, and attenuated the translocation of β-catenin into the cellular nucleus that leads to tumor malignancy. Taken together, Sp1 level accumulated strongly in early stage and then declined in late stage, which is important for lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis during tumorigenesis.     

HS3ST1对肺癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及顺铂耐药的作用机制研究

目的:研究HS3ST1对肺癌细胞A549增殖、迁移、侵袭及顺铂耐药的影响.方法:利用慢病毒感染并构建HS3ST1过表达细胞株;利用Western blot、RT-PCT检测HS3ST1的表达;利用CCK8实验、Transwell迁移实验和细胞毒性实验检测HS3ST1对A549细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和顺铂耐药的影响;利用W...     

Overexpression of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 in human gastric carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance

Gastric cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in Taiwan, and the identification of related factors is essential to increase patient survival. ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) was initially identified using 2-D electrophoresis combined with MALDI-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ADP-ribosylation factor 1 belongs to the Ras superfamily or GTP-binding protein family and has been shown to enhance cell proliferation. In the current study, we evaluated the potential of ARF1 as a biomarker for gastric cancer detection. ADP-ribosylation factor 1 mRNA was upregulated in tumor tissues (compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, n = 55) in approximately 67.2% of gastric cancer patients. Expression of ARF1 protein was additionally observed using Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. The clinicopathological correlations of ARF1 were further evaluated. Elevated ARF1 expression was strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008), serosal invasion (P = 0.046), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.035), and pathological staging (P = 0.010). Moreover, the 5-year survival rate for the lower ARF1 expression group (n = 50; IHC score < 90) was higher than that of the higher expression group (n = 60; IHC score ≥ 90) (P = 0.0228, log-rank test). To establish the specific function of ARF1 in human gastric cancer, isogenic ARF1-overexpressing cell lines were prepared. Our results showed that ARF1-overexpressing clones display enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, ARF1-overexpression might contribute to poor prognosis of patients. These findings collectively support the utility of ARF1 as a novel prognostic marker for gastric cancer and its role in cell invasion.     

MicroRNA-10a targets CHL1 and promotes cell growth, migration and invasion in human cervical cancer cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis by regulating their target genes. Here, we found microRNA-10a (miR-10a) is upregulated in human cervical cancer and promotes the colony formation activity, migration and invasion of HeLa and C33A cells. Subsequently, CHL1 is confirmed as a target of miR-10a and is negatively regulated by miR-10a at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, knockdown of CHL1 expression results in increased colony formation activity, migration and invasion. Finally, overexpression of CHL1 lacked the 3'UTR abolished the effects of miR-10a. Our results may provide a strategy for blocking tumor metastasis.