钠-葡萄糖共转运酶2抑制剂降低心血管和肾病风险

心血管疾病(Cardiovascular disease,CVD)是2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者发病和死亡的主要原因,因此,合理利用降糖药物积极进行糖尿病管理的同时,最大限度降低CVD不良结果风险是非常重要的.T2DM患者发生CVD的风险很高,而且糖尿病引发的糖尿病肾病使...     

固定复方制剂文达敏在2型糖尿病治疗中的地位

随着人们生活方式的改变和肥胖发生率的上升,2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)发病率逐年增长,据2008年中国糖尿病流行病学调查,20～70岁以上人口T2DM发病率达10.5%,较1994年增加4倍[1].合理治疗T2DM并减少并发症,已成为21世纪初医疗卫生体系面临的重要挑战.     

强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病胰岛素第一时相分泌的影响

<正>2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)发病机理主要是各种因素导致的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能降低。早期主要表现为胰岛素分泌减少,血糖调节功能下降,胰岛β细胞功能减退速度影响糖尿病进展[1],故通过干预改善胰岛素第一分泌时相功能对T2DM治疗将有积极作用。研究表明T2DM早期胰岛β细胞功能损伤是可逆的[2],故β细胞功能的恢复成为可能。     

金露梅对T2DM大鼠糖脂代谢关键酶和激素表达的影响

<正>糖尿病是以升高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,由胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受损引起,可引发多种并发症~([1-2]),主要分为1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)和2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)。我国糖尿病以T2DM为主,病因和发病机制目前均不明确~([3]),明显特征是既有胰岛素抵抗,又有胰岛素分泌不足~([4])。近年来,T2DM已成为威胁人类健康的常见疾病~([5])。金露梅(Fr     

2型糖尿病大鼠超声心动图的变化

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)大鼠超声心动图的变化及胰岛素对其的影响.方法 高糖高脂饮食加小剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射(STZ,30 mg/kg)制备T2DM大鼠模型,随机临床对照试验(randomized controlled trials RCT)分为正常对照组、糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus,DM)组和胰岛素治疗组(每只3 U/d股内侧皮下注射),对照组和DM组注射等剂量的生理盐水(股内侧皮下注射),每天1次,持续喂养2个月.结果 与对照组组比较,糖尿病模型组大鼠LVEDV、LVESV和SV均明显降低;其他有所增加(P＜0.05),胰岛素能显著降低LVFS、EF,对其他超声心动图指标无明显影响.结论 胰岛素能降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖,改善心功能,可不同程度下调SAN间质胶原的沉积.     

胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病

全世界2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患病率较高，且在发展中国家有增长的趋势。胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance，IR)是T2DM发病的重要原因。本文就IR及与T2DM的关系作一综述。     

常用口服降糖药的药物基因组学研究进展

2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）是一种严重危害公众健康的全球性疾病,其病理生理学特征主要表现为胰岛B细胞功能受损和胰岛素抵抗。口服降糖药物广泛应用于2型糖尿病患者的临床治疗。     

2型糖尿病患者内脏脂肪面积对早期糖尿病肾病影响的临床观察

2 型糖尿病 ( type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者最棘手的问题在于其并发症的发生.T2 DM最严重的微血管并发症之一为糖尿病肾病 ( diabetic kidney disease, DKD) , 约40％的患者会发生糖尿病肾病[1].因此对早期DKD进行预防与治疗是必要的, 可减慢患...     

利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病患者血脂影响的系统评价

<正>糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)是以胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能减退为主要机制、慢性血糖水平增高为特征的代谢疾病群[1,2]。糖尿病患者在全球范围内日益剧增,其中,2型糖尿病患者(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)占本病群体的95%[3]。利拉鲁肽是胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的一种类型,它通过激动GLP-1受体,刺激葡萄糖依赖的胰岛     

西格列汀二甲双胍片(Ⅱ)治疗老年2型糖尿病效果观察

目的 探讨西格列汀二甲双胍片(Ⅱ)治疗老年2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者效果观察.方法 选择2019年1月至2020年12月本院收治的老年T2DM患者127例,分为对照组63例和观察组64例,对照组给予二甲双胍,观察组给予西格列汀二甲双胍片(Ⅱ),对比两组患者临床疗效,糖脂...     

胰岛素强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病胰岛功能的影响

目的研究胰岛素强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病胰岛功能的影响。方法给予84例初发2型糖尿病胰岛素强化治疗,对比治疗前后胰岛功能变化。结果胰岛素强化治疗后的部分病例可以较长时间保持血糖正常。结论胰岛素强化治疗后的部分病例胰岛恢复正常分泌功能模式。     

Type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after interferon therapy

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the result of an autoimmune process characterized by pancreatic beta cell destruction. It has been reported that chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but not with type 1. Although the prevalence of markers of pancreatic autoimmunity in hepatitis C virus-positive patients is not significantly different to that reported in the general population, it increases during alpha-interferon therapy from 3 to 7%, probably due to the immunostimulatory effects of this cytokine. To date, 31 case reports of type 1 diabetes mellitus related to interferon treatment have been published. Type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs more frequently in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C than for other conditions and is irreversible in most cases. In 50% of these patients, markers of pancreatic autoimmunity predated treatment, the majority of cases having a genetic predisposition. Thus, in predisposed individuals, alpha-interferon can either induce or accelerate a diabetogenic process already underway. We suggest that islet cell autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies should be investigated before and during interferon treatment in order to identify subjects at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus.     

Targeting PPARβ/δ for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

INTRODUCTION: The nuclear receptors Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR)α and PPARγ are therapeutic targets for hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, respectively. Evidence is now emerging that the PPARβ/δ isotype is a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. AREAS COVERED: In this review, the capacity of PPARβ/δ to prevent the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus is discussed. Special emphasis is placed on preclinical studies and the molecular mechanisms responsible for its actions in the main cell types involved in these pathologies: adipocytes, β-cells, skeletal muscle cells and hepatocytes. EXPERT OPINION: While several concerns remain for the development of PPARβ/δ agonists, these drugs have demonstrated their efficacy in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in preclinical studies, as well as in a few short clinical studies in humans. Although this data is promising, additional studies must be performed to confirm the efficacy and safety of these drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

免疫检查点抑制剂相关性糖尿病2例临床分析

目的:探讨因使用免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICPis)导致ICPis相关性糖尿病患者的临床特点.方法:回顾2例确诊为ICPis相关性糖尿病患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献.结果:2例ICPis相关性糖尿病患者均有肿瘤病史并接受ICPis治疗,且ICPis治疗前无糖尿病病史...     

HE3286, an orally bioavailable synthetic analogue of an active DHEA metabolite suppresses spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse

5-Androstene-3β,7β,17β-triol (AET) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory adrenal steroid that limits acute and chronic inflammation. HE3286 (17α-ethynyl-5-androstene-3β,7β,17β-triol) is a synthetic derivative of AET with improved pharmaceutical properties and efficacy in some animal models of autoimmunity. Here, daily oral doses of HE3286 led to a suppression of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus when administered either shortly before or after the first incidence of disease onset. Efficacy was associated with reduced insulitis and a suppression of the pathogenic T helper cell type 1 and type 17 phenotypes in peripheral lymphoid organs. These results demonstrate that daily oral treatment with HE3286 administrated relatively late in the destructive autoimmune process led to a suppression of type 1 diabetes mellitus onset and of the pathological inflammatory status, supporting its clinical evaluation in type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects.     

糖尿病患者血管内皮祖细胞研究进展

血管内皮祖细胞(EPC)来源于骨髓,是具有修复内皮和新生血管功能的干细胞。糖尿病患者外周血EPC数量和功能均出现下降,EPC已成为糖尿病及其并发症治疗的一个新靶点。本文综述EPC在糖尿病病理生理中的作用和药物干预机理的研究进展。     

2型糖尿病患者外周血白细胞计数与尿白蛋白相关性的分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者外周血白细胞计数与尿白蛋白相关性情况。方法选取笔者所在医院2型糖尿病患者90例作为观察组,同时选取同期健康体检者100例作为对照组。结果两组肝功、肾功能差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组血糖明显高于对照组,观察组白细胞总数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和尿白蛋白均明显高于对照组,而淋巴细胞明显低于健康对照组,2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白和白细胞总数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞呈明显正相关,而与淋巴细胞呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者外周血白细胞计数和尿白蛋白具有明显的相关性,其可能和糖尿病的肾脏损伤密切相关。     

硝苯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗糖尿病合并高血压的疗效

目的评价硝苯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗2型糖尿病合并高血压的临床疗效与安全性。方法 60例2型糖尿病合并高血压患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,2组同时给予糖尿病基础治疗,在此基础上,治疗组口服硝苯地平缓释片20mg,1～3次/天和厄贝沙坦片80 mg,1～3次/天,观察治疗前后血压的变化,并记录有无药物不良反应。结果治疗组有效率为90%,对照组为60%,治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组发生3例药物不良反应但较轻微。结论硝苯地平联合厄贝沙坦治疗糖尿病合并高血压的疗效肯定。