胆囊颈部结石的腹腔镜切除治疗

目的:探讨胆囊颈部结石伴发胆囊炎的腹腔镜切除方法。方法:226例胆囊颈部结石,根据胆囊炎的不同情况,分别采用胆囊顺行切除、逆行切除和顺逆结合切除方法进行治疗。结果:手术均获成功,术后恢复顺利,并发症发生率较低。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术中对不同情况的胆囊颈部结石采用不同的处理方法,可以有效避免术中胆管损伤等严重并发症。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎伴胆囊颈部结石158例

目的：报告腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎伴胆囊颈部结石的治疗体会。方法：对158例急性胆囊炎伴胆囊颈部结石患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,分别采用胆囊顺行切除、逆行切除和顺逆结合切除的方法。结果：158例中156例成功完成手术,2例中转开腹,术后均恢复顺利。结论：腹腔镜胆囊切除术中对不同情况的胆囊颈部结石采用不同的处理方法,可以有效避免术中胆管损伤等严重并发症。     

胆囊颈部结石嵌顿的腹腔镜治疗

目的评价研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）在处理胆囊管结石嵌顿的措施。方法回顾分析2003年1月-2008年12月32例胆囊颈部结石并嵌顿行腹腔镜胆囊切除术病例,总结处理胆囊结石嵌顿的对策和技巧。结果29例成功,中转开腹3例,胆囊三角“胼胝样”粘连2例,Mirrizzi综合征1例。中转开腹行胆囊切除＋腹腔引流术;无严重并发症发生。结论对胆囊颈部结石嵌顿发病在48h内、胆囊周围粘连不致密、Calot三角易解剖者可行Lc。     

胆囊管丝线结扎法在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的研究丝线结扎胆囊管法在短胆囊管患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中是否安全适用。方法在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中发现因胆囊颈部结石嵌顿导致短胆囊管时使用丝线结扎胆囊管。结果共完成因胆囊颈部结石嵌顿致短胆囊管患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术36例,无中转开腹,术后无胆漏、胆道狭窄和胆道结石残留等并发症。结论丝线结扎胆囊管法在短胆囊管患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用安全可行。     

两镜联合治疗胆囊颈部嵌顿性结石的体会

胆囊颈部结石嵌顿的患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术时手术风险较大,因为胆囊三角的炎症、粘连常较严重,解剖不清,易引发各种并发症,如胆管损伤、出血等,如何提高手术的安全性,值得我们关注。2000年5月至2009年10月我科采用腹腔镜治疗102例胆囊颈部结石嵌顿患者,效果良好。现报道如下。     

复杂性腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术安全性探讨

目的:探讨复杂性腹腔镜胆囊切除术确保安全的方法。方法:回顾复杂性腹腔镜胆囊切除术178例,分析Calot三角解剖变异、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿、胆囊管结石、腹腔粘连、胆囊萎缩等复杂因素。结果:8例中转开腹(4.5%),170例成功完成腹腔镜手术,术后无严重并发症发生。结论:重视术中各种复杂因素,熟练掌握手术操作技能及对策,复杂性腹腔镜胆囊切除术仍然安全可行。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胆囊管结石76例分析

目的 探讨胆囊管结石的诊断及腹腔镜手术的处理方法。 方法 对2002年7月至2008年1月温州医学院附属第二医院外科诊治76例胆囊管结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果 经B超、CT术前诊断胆囊管结石26例,术中探查发现胆囊管结石50例。顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）74例,2例中转开腹。未发生胆管损伤、出血、胆漏、胆总管结石等严重并发症,均痊愈出院。 结论 B超结合CT检查可在术前发现部分胆囊管结石,术中仔细探查也可减少遗漏胆囊管结石。术中警惕胆囊管结石的存在,灵活运用LC的处理技巧是腹腔镜胆囊管结石手术成功的关键,择机中转开腹可减少不必要的胆管损伤。腹腔镜胆囊管结石手术是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜治疗结石嵌顿性胆囊炎的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中处理胆囊颈及胆囊管结石的方法。方法回顾性总结1999年12月～2004年5月我院对52例结石嵌顿性胆囊炎的体会。结果52例中50例在腹腔镜下完成手术全过程，其中5例胆囊大部分切除加腹腔多孔管引流，2例中转开腹，均痊愈，疗效满意。结论结石嵌顿性胆囊炎可采用腹腔镜手术，术中关键是要注意辨-切-辨三字原则，可避免出现胆漏、胆管损伤等严重并发症。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中处理胆囊颈管结石的体会

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)中处理胆囊颈及胆囊管结石的方法。方法 :回顾分析 2 0 0 0年 4月至 2 0 0 4年 6月 2 9例胆囊颈部结石及胆囊管结石患者行LC时 ,采用胆囊管纵行切开取石 ,圈套器结扎 ,多钛夹阶梯施夹 ,胆囊管残端丝线结扎或缝扎等方法处理胆囊颈、管结石。结果 :2 9例用上述方法治疗均获成功 ,3例置腹腔引流管引流 ,分别于术后第 2、3天拔管 ,均痊愈出院。结论 :在LC术中只要合理处理胆囊颈、胆囊管结石 ,不会出现胆漏、胆管损伤等严重并发症。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆囊管结石残留的预防及处理

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）术后胆囊管结石残留的预防及处理.方法 回顾性分析自2004年5月至2012年12月间共成功施行4 751例LC的临床资料.结果 135例LC术中采用胆囊管远端紧靠壶腹部施夹钛夹、切开胆囊管、自近端向远端挤压法取出胆囊管结石;其余4 616例中,12例术后发生胆囊管结石残留,4例经再次腹腔镜手术、8例经开腹手术成功取石,未再发生结石残留及其他严重并发症.结论 对胆囊管残余结石高风险病例,LC术中采用切开胆囊管、自近端向远端挤压法是预防术后胆囊管结石残留的有效方法.确诊LC术后胆囊管结石残留,应积极手术治疗,选择合适的病例再次经腹腔镜手术取出结石是安全可行的.     

腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术182例手法技巧的探讨

目的 :探讨腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术的手法技巧。方法 :在全麻下对腹腔严重粘连 ,胆囊萎缩、胆囊扩张、解剖变异、术中活动性出血 ,结石掉入腹腔等复杂困难情况 ,行Calot三角精细解剖超常处理。结果 :临床手术 5 89例 ,其中复杂困难手术 182例 ,中转开腹 2例 ,术后胆总管结石梗阻 2例 ,胆汁漏 3例。结论 :术中精细解剖Calot三角是腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术成功的关键 ,防止周围脏器损伤是成功的基础。术中手下要能分辨出组织 ,手法和手感是非常重要的     

Consequences of Spilt Gallstones During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

To document the incidence of spilt gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the cause and consequences of such spillage. The study included 150 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed between October 2007 and November 2008. Data was collected in a prospective manner in accordance to proforma. Follow up were performed at the end of 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year. The spillage of gall stones during surgery occurred in 19.04 % of the cases. Majority of the spillage occurred due to perforation of the gall bladder during dissection, followed by application of toothed grasper. Although all visible spilt stones were retrieved during surgery, complication rate of 0.66 % was observed. The incidence and complications secondary to the spillage of gall stones during standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy is low but avoidable. Various complications can occur, over a large period of time. Thus it is advisable to retrieve as many gallstones as possible short of converting to a laparotomy Dasari and Loan (JSLS 13(1):73–76, 2009), Daradkeh and Suwan (World J Surg 22:75–77, 1998).     

Complications of retained intraperitoneal gallstones from laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now the gold standard procedure for the treatment of symptomatic gall bladder stones. Spillage of gall bladder stones into the peritoneal cavity may occur due to inadvertent iatrogenic gall bladder perforation during dissection of the gall bladder. We report a case of a 66 year old woman who had to return to theatre three times over two years to deal with complications from retained intra-peritoneal gallstones that were spilt at her initial laparoscopic cholecystecomy.     

Band ligation of the perforated gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Perforation of the gall bladder is a frequent complication during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Grasping the perforated part of the gall bladder, clip application, or endoscopic loop application are possible solutions to prevent spillage. We propose laparoscopic rubber band application to close the perforated part of the gall bladder as an easy and safe method. We performed rubber band application after iatrogenic perforation of the gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 5 patients. Two-millimeter-wide multiple rubber rings, cut from a 14-Fr Foley catheter, are loaded on a grasper. When a perforation occurred during the dissection of the gall bladder, the hole is grasped with this instrument and 1 of the rings is placed on the gall bladder by the aid of a dissector. Thus, the grasper remained available for traction of the Hartmann's pouch during further dissection of the gall bladder. The rubber bands were placed successfully in all cases. Two perforations occurred in 1 case, and 2 bands were placed with ease. Bile leakage or gall stone spillage did not occur. Operation time was not prolonged. Rubber band ligation of perforation of the gall bladder is a simple, safe, inexpensive, and effective method to prevent spillage of the bile or gallstones in laparoscopic surgery.     

Lost Stone During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Retrieval Using a Condom

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of gall stone disease. In this technique, the gall bladder is dissected free under laparoscopic vision and then extracted. We report an interesting complication that occurred during extraction of a gall bladder containing a large stone and a novel method of overcoming the problem.     

全腹腔镜下保胆取石即时缝合术367例报道

目的探讨全腹腔镜下保胆取石即时缝合术的手术方法和适应证。方法 367例患者在全身麻醉下采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术的标准四戳孔,借助胆道镜、取石网、输尿管导管和斑马导丝处理胆囊结石和胆囊管开口。胆囊壁切口用3-0号可吸收缝线间断＂8＂字缝合或连续扣锁缝合,再用一小束修整过的带血管蒂的大网膜缝扎固定于胆囊壁切口处,胆囊周围放置防粘止血贴。取出的胆囊结石装入标本袋并从剑突下孔或脐部孔取出,Winslow孔附近常规放置一根16 F脑室引流管观察渗漏情况。结果施行保胆取石即时缝合术367例,成功338例,中转为腹腔镜胆囊切除术24例,胆漏3例,残余结石1例,胆道出血1例。腹腔引流管引流出渗出液10～300 ml/d,术后2～7 d拔除引流管。无中转开腹及死亡病例。手术时间30～160 min,平均71 min。术后住院时间3～11 d。结论只要严格选择合适的病例,确切的胆道镜检查和治疗,可靠精确的缝合和覆盖胆囊壁切口,施行全腹腔镜下保胆取石即时缝合术是可行、有效、安全的。此方法可以长期保留有功能的胆囊,以满足部分患者心身健康的需要。     

Agenesis of gall bladder in laparoscopic cholecystectomy—A case report

IntroductionAgenesis of gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly of biliary tree that may be associated with other biliary and extra biliary congenital anomalies.Case presentationA 43- year- old female presented with a 4 months history of upper abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. It was associated with dyspeptic symptoms and become worse following ingestion of high-fat meal contents. Clinically, a differential of gall stone disease was considered. Ultrasonography of abdomen revealed a contracted gallbladder with multiple stones with normal wall thickness, so the fact of clinical diagnosis considering finding cholithiasis. She was submitted to laparoscopic exploration which revealed that the gall bladder was absent within gall bladder fossa.DiscussionIn this case, the differential of cholithiasis symptoms considered support by ultrasonography, symptomatic gall stones presented more than half of cases of gall bladder agenesis, Diagnosis of gall bladder disease usually done by ultrasound modality, it must be done by expert one. Awareness of this entity by clinicians, surgeons and radiologists are essential because many of these patients present with biliary symptoms and have unnecessary operations.ConclusionAgenesis of gallbladder should be kept in mind whenever the gall bladder was improperly visualized in routine imaging methods. Ultrasonography operated dependent we must not depend on single one or even multiple done by the same person. Avoid a needless surgical exploration, which might be risky. Non-visualized gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is challenging should not convert to open unless sure that the gall bladder was present.     

复杂困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术116例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术的处理技巧。方法回顾性分析2002年4月～2010年8月我院116例复杂困难LC的临床资料,对腹腔严重粘连、重度肥胖、胆囊颈结石嵌顿、解剖变异、胆囊萎缩等复杂困难情况,采取相应的手术技巧,行Calot三角精细解剖等处理。结果 104例成功施行LC,12例中转开腹,包括冰冻状胆囊三角结构不清3例,Mirizzi综合征2例,胆囊癌2例,胆管损伤2例,胆囊结肠内瘘2例,胆囊十二指肠内瘘1例。共发生并发症10例,其中胆管损伤2例,出血2例,胆漏3例,穿刺口感染1例,术后腹腔内感染2例,经开腹手术结合ERCP、EST、ENBD和B超引导穿流,全部治愈。116例随访1～36个月,平均22.4月,无并发症发生。结论腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术中精细解剖Calot三角是手术成功的关键,防止周围脏器损伤是成功的基础,适时中转开腹是手术安全的前提。     

经胆囊管超细胆道镜联合双频激光碎石治疗胆道结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜下经胆囊管超细胆道镜（管径3.7mm）联合双频激光碎石术治疗胆道结石的安全性和可行性。方法 2011年8月～2013年6月,治疗胆囊结石合并胆道结石63例。行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,经胆囊管通过胆道镜工作通道,用双频双脉冲激光碎石技术将结石击碎,注水冲出或用取石网篮套出。结果 63例胆道结石均一次清除取出。无胆道损伤、胆漏。全组术后3个月复查B超或MRCP,未发现胆道残余结石、胆道狭窄。结论 腹腔镜下经胆囊管超细胆道镜联合双频激光碎石术直观,准确,方便,疗效确切,是治疗胆囊合并胆道结石的安全、有效的新方法。