再灌注时间对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的:分析再灌注时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注及近期预后的影响. 方法:101例首发STEMI并行急诊PCI的患者按症状发作至再灌注的时间(t)分为3组:t≤3 h为A组,37例;3 h0.05).B组及C组PCI术后MBG0/1(58.06%、57.58%)和ST段回落不全(STR<50%)的比例(51.61%、54.55%)均高于A组(32.43%和27.03%,P<0.05),B组与C组间MBG、STR无统计学差异(P>0.05).B组及C组在30 d随访期间的死亡率、Killip分级和心源性休克发生率均显著高于A组(P<0.05). 结论:在STEMI急诊PCI中,12 h内不同时间组获得TIMI 3级血流的比例相同,但再灌注时间<3 h的患者心肌组织灌注水平提高,近期预后较好.     

S T段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后心肌再灌注的预测指标

目的：评价ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者急诊冠脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后心肌再灌注的预测指标。方法选择发病12 h内接受直接PCI治疗的STEMI患者176例,根据术后TIMI血流分级分为A组（TIMI 3级,灌注良好组）,B组（TIMI 0-2级,灌注不良组）。采用心电图ST段回落、心肌损伤标志物水平进行分析。结果灌注不良组患者心电图ST段术后1 h回落不佳;CK-MB水平B组明显高于A组（P＜0．01）,且峰值持续时间长;术后BNP水平B 组明显高于A 组（P＜0．05）;术后1周B组LVEF值明显低于A组（P＜0．05）。结论 ST段早期回落是STEMI患者急诊PCI术后心肌再灌注的有效预测指标,与心肌损伤标志物水平升高一致。     

血栓抽吸导管在急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨血栓抽吸导管在急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊介入治疗(PCI)中应用的有效性及安全性。方法选择2012年1月—2013年12月入住我院心内科行急诊PCI治疗的急性STEMI 120例,冠状动脉造影(CAG)术提示血栓积分≥2分的患者行血栓抽吸和PCI治疗为A组(65例),CAG术提示血栓积分2分的患者直接行PCI治疗为B组(55例),比较两组术后TIMI血流、心肌染色分级(MBG)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心肌酶峰时间、术后2h心电图ST段回落≥50%比率、院内死亡率。结果 A组TIMI血流分级、MBG分级高于B组,有统计学意义(P0.05),A组心肌酶达峰时间低于B组,有统计学意义(P0.05),两组住院期间死亡率、术后LVEF、术后两小时心电图ST段回落≥50%比率无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血栓抽吸导管在血栓高负荷的急性STEMI急诊PCI治疗中,能改善急性STEMI患者的TIMI血流、MBG分级,且具有良好的安全性及有效性。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌再灌注不良对近、远期预后的影响

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响.方法 回顾性收集964例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与心肌梗死溶栓试验心肌灌注(TMP)分级等指标评估心肌再灌注状态.患者分为4组:A组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;C组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级;D组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级.以A组代表心肌灌注状态良好者,D组代表心肌灌注状态不良者.分析心肌再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响.结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关动脉前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占27.3%(237/964),心电图ST段回落小于50%者占30.6%(266/964).11.31%(109/964)的患者发生远端栓塞.A组占总例数的48.9%(425/964),D组占总例数的10.5%(91/964).与A组比较,D组患者在住院期间(RR=64.63,P<0.01)以及随访期间(RR=11.69,P<0.01)均有较高的主要不良心脏事件发生风险.结论 急性心肌梗死急诊PCI后不到50%的患者心肌再灌注良好,心肌再灌注状态与近、远期临床预后显著相关.     

冠脉内逆向应用重组人尿激酶原溶栓联合PCI对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的临床研究

目的:探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)内逆向应用重组人尿激酶原联合经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者预后的影响。方法:选择心内科行急诊PCI的STEMI患者120例,随机分为直接PCI组(A组)、血栓抽吸+PCI组(B组)、PCI+冠脉内正向溶栓组(C组)及冠脉内逆向溶栓+PCI组(D组),每组各30例。比较4组基线资料、术后TIMI血流分级、校正TIMI帧数计数(CTFC)、2 h ST段回落率(STR)≥50%的比例、无复流/慢血流(NR/SF)发生率、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和B型利钠肽(BNP)峰值。记录随访3个月的LVEF、主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)及TIMI出血情况,对相关指标进行比较。结果:(1)D组与A、B、C组比较,术后TIMI血流≤2级发生率、CTFC、NR/SF发生率、cTnI及BNP峰值显著降低,术后2 h STR≥50%的比例、LVEF显著升高(P<0.05);(2)随访3个月D组心力衰竭再住院发生率显著低于A、B、C组,且LVEF显著升高(P<0.05);(3)随访3个月,4组TIMI出血发生率...     

急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗时间的临床研究

目的探讨缩短直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)开始时间对ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)的临床价值。方法171例STEMI,根据发病到开始PCI时间分为3组:<3h(A组,43例),≥3h、<6h(B组,58例),≥6h、<12h(C组,70例)。其中18例应用远端保护装置。比较3组术后TIMI3级率、ST段无回落率、左心室射血分数和住院期间主要不良心脏事件发生率。结果A组术后TIMI3级率和左心室射血分数显著高于B组和C组,ST段无回落率和住院期间主要不良心脏事件发生率均显著低于B组和C组。B组和C组比较,各指标差异均无统计学意义。结论在STEMI直接PCI中,与3h后开始PCI比较,3h内PCI可显著提高TIMI3级率,改善心肌组织再灌注、心功能和近期预后;3h后介入治疗无明显的时间依赖性。     

急诊PCI治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的预后影响因素

目的探讨不同因素对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后情况的影响。方法采用回顾性分析方法,对2010年1月至2014年8月入住该院确诊为STEMI死并行急诊PCI的317例患者的临床资料进行调查分析。结果再灌注时间2 h患者即刻血流心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)3级患者比例、左室射血分数(LVEF)≥50%患者比例、ST回落≥50%患者比例高于2~6 h的患者,出血或血肿发生率及死亡率均低于2~6 h患者(P0.05)。替罗非班组患者即刻血流TIMI 3级患者比例、LVEF≥50%患者比例、ST回落≥50%患者比例均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论对于STEMI患者采用急诊PCI治疗时,采用早期灌注及应用替罗非班均可改善患者预后;多因素分析发现,急诊PCI治疗STEMI患者的预后危险因素有年龄、糖尿病史、既往心肌梗死史、TIMI血流分级、吸烟史、再灌注时间、并发心源性休克及并发恶性心律失常。     

替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓导管抽吸对急诊ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI术血运重建的影响

目的探讨替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓导管抽吸对急诊ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者标准经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术血运重建的影响。方法 98例STEMI患者随机分为PCI+血栓抽吸+替罗非班组(A组),PCI+替罗非班组(B组)。观察两组患者血管再通时即刻的血流血管心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMPG)分级、术后2h心电图ST段回落大于50%的发生率、心肌磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、CK-MB峰值时间,术后2h胸痛缓解率再灌注心律失常发生率。结果 A组心肌灌注明显增加,TIMI血流及TMPG血流明显改善,术后2h心电图ST段回落大于50%的发生率、CK-MB峰值、CK-MB峰值时间,术后2h内胸痛缓解率及再灌注心律失常发生率优于对照组。结论血栓抽吸与替罗非班联合治疗可改善急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者冠脉内血栓病变的血栓负荷、冠状动脉血流、心肌灌注,改善患者预后。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后中性粒细胞水平与心肌灌注和心功能的相关性研究

目的:评价急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后中性粒细胞水平与心肌灌注和心功能的相关性。方法:入选发病12 h内195例成功接受PCI的STEMI患者。PCI后12 h进行中性粒细胞计数检测,随访6个月记录心脏不良事件。根据其中性粒细胞水平分为3组:中性粒细胞4.78×109/L组(A组),32例;中性粒细胞4.78~8.79×109/L组(B组),118例;中性粒细胞8.79×109/L组(C组),45例。结果:①急诊PCI后B组和C组患者TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)0~1级所占比例高于A组、TMPG达3级所占比例低于A组(均P0.05);②C组心功能Killp分级≥2级患者所占比例明显高于A组和B组(均P0.05);③随访6个月时C组心脏不良事件的发生率明显高于A组和B组(均P0.05)。结论:STEMI患者PCI后中性粒细胞水平越高,心肌灌注越差。PCI后中性粒细胞数早期监测有利于急性心肌梗死患者PCI后临床预后的评价。     

超重/肥胖对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的采用心电图ST段回落指数(ST-segment elevation resolution,STR)和冠状动脉造影心肌呈色分级(myocardial blush grade,MBG)评价超重/肥胖对急性心肌梗死(AMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注以及患者预后的影响。方法120例AMI并行急诊PCI治疗的超重/肥胖和体重正常患者,分析心电图ST段回落指数和MBG,并进行临床随诊。结果超重组、肥胖组和体重正常组PCI术后TIMI血流3级的患者比较差异无统计学意义。但超重组、肥胖组心肌微循环灌注不良多于体重正常组(MBG0/1级三组分别为44.6%、64.3%和30.6%,MBG2/3级三组分别为55.4%、35.7%和69.4%,P=0.027),超重组、肥胖组ST段回落不全也多于体重正常组(STR<50%三组分别为39.3%、57.1%和22.2%,STR≥50%三组分别为60.7%、42.9%和77.8%,P=0.017)。但超重组、肥胖组和体重正常组患者联合终点事件的发生率在随访期间差异无统计学意义(三组分别为16.1%、17.8%和16.7%,P=0.978)。COX比例风险回归分析显示体重对患者的预后无明显的预测价值[RR2.46(95%可信区间0.64~6.57),P=0.128]。结论在成功接受急诊介入治疗后,超重或肥胖患者更容易出现心肌微循环的障碍,但随诊期间患者的联合终点事件发生率差异并无明显统计学意义。     

Anaerobic myocardial abscess following myocardial infarction

An anaerobic myocardial abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis developed in a 60-year-old man when he had an acute myocardial infarction while recuperating from surgery for a paracolonic abscess. Anaerobic bacteremia is a common event and may lead to infection in areas of low oxygen tension far removed from the original portal of entry.     

曲尼司特对心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化的影响

目的探讨曲尼司特对兔心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化干预作用。方法结扎左前降支制作兔心肌梗死模型,分实验组和对照组。3周后经胃管分别给予曲尼司特及安慰剂1月,心脏彩超评价心功能并检测血清转化生长因子（transform ing growth factor,TGF-β1）,I、III型胶原浓度及组织羟脯胺酸含量。结果实验组治疗前后心功能、心腔内径、室壁厚度明显改善,血清TGF-β1,I、III型胶原浓度及羟脯胺酸含量较对照组明显下降。结论曲尼司特可有效拮抗心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化,预防心室重构。     

Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction

The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depression was much commoner during late (32% patients) than early (14%) monitoring. Most transient ischaemia (greater than 85% episodes) was silent and 80% of patients had only silent episodes. During late monitoring painful ST depression was accompanied by greater ST depression and tended to occur at a higher heart rate. Late transient ischaemia showed a diurnal distribution, occurred at a higher initial heart rate, and was more often accompanied by a further increase in heart rate than early ischaemia. Thus in the first 2 months after myocardial infarction transient ischaemia became increasingly common and more closely associated with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Because transient ischaemic episodes during early and late ambulatory monitoring have dissimilar characteristics they may also have different pathophysiologies and prognostic implications.     

Assessment of myocardial viability using myocardial contrast echocardiography

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a technique that uses microbubbles as a tracer during simultaneous ultrasound of the heart. The microbubbles can be used to provide quantitative information regarding the adequacy of myocardial blood flow (MBF), as well as the spatial extent of microvascular integrity. In acute myocardial infarction, MCE can identify the presence of collateral flow within the risk area, and can therefore predict preservation of myocardial viability and ultimate infarct size even prior to reperfusion. After reperfusion, the extent of microvascular no-reflow can be determined, and has significant implications for recovery of left ventricular function. In chronic ischemic heart disease, MCE has also been shown to successfully differentiate viable from necrotic myocardium. This technique can accurately predict recovery of function after revascularization. More importantly, MCE can be used to identify viable segments that may help to prevent infarct expansion and remodeling, and thus improve patient outcomes.     

Assessment of myocardial viability with myocardial contrast echocardiography

The application of noninvasive imaging techniques to assess myocardial viability has become an important part of routine management of patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary artery disease. Information regarding the presence and extent of viability may help identify patients likely to benefit from revascularization or therapy directed at attenuating left ventricular remodeling. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is capable of defining the presence and extent of viability by providing an accurate assessment of microvascular integrity needed to maintain myocellular viability. It is especially suited for the spatial assessment of perfusion, even when myocardial blood flow is reduced substantially in the presence of severe epicardial stenoses or in a bed dependent on collateral perfusion. The routine use of MCE to evaluate viability in patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease is now feasible with the advent of new imaging technologies and microbubble agents capable of myocardial opacification from venous injections. The utility of this technique for determining treatment strategies has not been established but is forthcoming.     

经静脉心肌声学造影评价心肌梗死后存活心肌的价值

目的　探讨经静脉心肌声学造影 (MCE)对心肌梗死后存活心肌的诊断价值。方法　 2 4例心肌梗死患者用二维超声评价室壁运动情况 ,同时经静脉进行MCE ,以 3个月后静态超声心动图左室心肌节段性运动改善为依据评价MCE对心肌梗死后存活心肌的诊断价值。结果　在 2 4例病人的 384个心肌节段中 ,运动异常节段 184个。在运动异常的 184个节段中 ,MCE1分 39段 ,0 5分 5 0段 ,0分 95段。 3个月复查 79个节段有运动改善 ,其中 39段来自MCE1分的心肌 ,4 0段来自MCE0 5分的心肌。MCE对预测心肌梗死后室壁运动改善的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为 :10 0 %、89 7%、84 8%、10 0 %和 94 6 %。结论　MCE能比较准确地预测心肌梗死后心肌的存活性     

Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction.

The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depression was much commoner during late (32% patients) than early (14%) monitoring. Most transient ischaemia (greater than 85% episodes) was silent and 80% of patients had only silent episodes. During late monitoring painful ST depression was accompanied by greater ST depression and tended to occur at a higher heart rate. Late transient ischaemia showed a diurnal distribution, occurred at a higher initial heart rate, and was more often accompanied by a further increase in heart rate than early ischaemia. Thus in the first 2 months after myocardial infarction transient ischaemia became increasingly common and more closely associated with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Because transient ischaemic episodes during early and late ambulatory monitoring have dissimilar characteristics they may also have different pathophysiologies and prognostic implications.