IL-12对伯氏疟原虫红内期感染小鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子表达水平的影响

目的观察白细胞介素12 (IL-12) 对伯氏疟原虫(P.b)红内期感染小鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子表达水平的影响,探讨IL-12介导Th1/Th2免疫偏移在抗P.b红内期感染中的免疫调节作用.方法 BALB/c小鼠接种5×105个感染P.b的红细胞,同时分别给予0.03 μg/d或0.15 μg/d IL-12处理,用ELISA方法检测P.b感染小鼠血清或脾淋巴细胞体外培养上清中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4表达水平的动态变化.结果 0.03 μg/d IL-12处理组小鼠接种感染后第7天取脾淋巴细胞体外经PHA或可溶性抗原sAg刺激培养产生的IFN-γ水平较感染对照组显著升高,IL-4水平显著下降,而0.15 μg/d IL-12处理组脾淋巴细胞产生的IFN-γ及IL-4水平均较感染对照组显著下降.在感染后第3天,0.03 μg/d或0.15 μg/d IL-12处理组小鼠血清中IFN-γ均已出现,第5天达高峰,但感染后第7天 0.15 μg/d IL-12处理组血清中IFN-γ迅速下降,甚至低于感染对照组及0.03 μg/d IL-12处理组,感染对照组直到感染后第7天血清中方可检测到IFN-γ水平.结论适当低剂量IL-12诱导CD4 Th1免疫应答,产生细胞因子IFN-γ,以诱导抗P.b红内期感染的免疫保护作用;而较大剂量IL-12抑制机体抗感染免疫,甚至可致免疫病理损害.     

弓形虫表面抗原SAG3基因和IL-2基因佐剂混合诱导小鼠免疫应答研究

目的了解编码SAG3的重组质粒和IL-2基因佐剂在小鼠体内的免疫反应,为进一步的核酸疫苗及免疫学研究创造条件。方法将编码SAG3的质粒和鼠源性IL-2表达载体以100μg的剂量感染小鼠,3周中两次以相同的剂量加强免疫,分别以PBS和空质粒pcDNA3.1感染。采用ELISA法测定抗体水平、亚型、IFN-γI、L-4和IL-2的含量,RT-PCR方法检测注射部位目的基因的转录,所有鼠均由强毒力ZS2株弓形虫感染。结果SAG3表达质粒3次免疫后鼠体内特异IgG水平明显上升,IL-2表达质粒的联合使用导致IgG2a水平的升高和IFN-γ的产生,提高了其分泌IL-2的水平,但对IL-4的水平产生轻微的影响;RT-PCR显示首次使用导致IgG2a水平的升高和IFN-γ的产生,提高了其分泌IL-2的水平,但对IL-4的水平产生轻微的影响;RT-PCR显示首次免疫15天后,目的基因在肌肉组织中仍有表达;混合质粒注射和小鼠抗弓形虫感染的存活时间延长。结论由SAG3 DNA诱导的免疫应答因IL-2表达质粒的共同注射而增强,DNA疫苗和适当细胞因子的共注射对抵抗弓形虫感染的效果值得进一步研究。     

弓形虫ROP11核酸疫苗免疫保护作用的研究

目的观察ROP11核酸疫苗对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法 40只BALB/c小鼠随机分为实验组、空质粒对照组、PBS对照组和空白对照组,每组10只,均通过股四头肌注射免疫小鼠。其中实验组每鼠注射pcDNA3.1（＋）-ROP11重组质粒100μg（1μg/μl）,空质粒对照组注射pcDNA3.1（＋）质粒100μg（1μg/μl）,PBS对照组注射无菌PBS缓冲液100μl,空白对照组不注射。共免疫3次,每次间隔2周,末次接种量均加倍。分别于每次注射前和末次注射后第2周检测小鼠血清特异性IgG和细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10。末次注射后2周各组小鼠腹腔攻击感染RH株弓形虫速殖子1×10^3个/只,观察其存活时间,评价免疫效果。结果 ROP11核酸疫苗能诱发小鼠产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,实验组小鼠血清特异IgG随着免疫次数的增加而显著增高（P〈0.05）。血清IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10均不同程度升高（P〈0.05）。重组质粒免疫组、空质粒免疫组、PBS和空白对照组小鼠经RH株弓形虫攻击感染后的平均存活时间为236.3、97.8、96.3和96.2h,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 ROP11核酸疫苗对BALB/c小鼠弓形虫感染有一定的免疫保护性,为进一步研究ROP11核酸疫苗的生物学功能提供了实验基础。     

日本血吸虫虫卵抗原诱导CD4+CD25+T细胞及其细胞因子表达

目的 探讨日本血吸虫虫卵抗原诱导宿主免疫应答下调的机制.方法 6～8周龄雌性队LB/c小鼠分为2组,实验组小鼠口服血吸虫虫卵10 000个以及尾静脉注射可溶性虫卵抗原(SEA)200μg,每周免疫1次,共4次;对照组注射PBS.流式细胞仪检测SEA免疫小鼠CD4+CD25+T细胞数量;与CD4+CD25-T细胞共同培养,检测CD4+CD25+T细胞抑制功能;流式细胞仪检测CD4+CD25+T细胞表达IL-4、IL-10与IFN-γ水平;酶联免疫吸附试验检测静脉血IL-10和转化生长因子-β表达水平.结果 实验组小鼠CD4+CD25+T细胞数量为14.7%,对照组为7.4%;实验组IL-10为29.2 pg/ml,对照组为11.0 pg/ml.与CD4+CD25-T细胞相比,CD4+CD25+T细胞主要合成IL-10及少量IFN-γ.CD4+CD25+T细胞显著抑制CD4+T细胞增殖. 结论 日本血吸虫虫卵抗原可能通过诱导CD4+CD25+T细胞和IL-10下调机体免疫应答.     

低分子量姬松茸多糖对树突细胞Th1型免疫反应的影响

目的探讨姬松茸多糖(LMPAB)对树突细胞(DCs)Th1型免疫反应的影响。方法体外培养ICR小鼠骨髓来源的DCs。应用WST检测LMPAB增强DCs对T淋巴细胞的增殖作用,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测LMPAB对DCs分泌的干扰素(IFN-)γ与白细胞介素(IL)-12的影响。结果与正常组(4.84±0.21)比较,LMPAB+卵白蛋白(OVA)组(6.59±0.19)可以增强DCs对T淋巴细胞的增殖作用(P<0.05);与正常组IL-12〔(32.31±2.45)pg/ml〕、IFN-γ〔(657.34±43.41)pg/ml〕比较,LMPAB+OVA组IL-12〔(45.89±1.03)pg/ml、IFN-γ(854.42±35.06)pg/ml〕明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 LMPAB可以增强DCs Th1型免疫反应,可能具有免疫佐剂的调节作用。     

乙型肝炎表面抗原与粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子融合表达质粒免疫乙型肝炎病毒转基因小鼠的研究

目的 研究乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)的融合表达质粒免疫乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)转基因小鼠及其病毒清除作用。方法 将小鼠随机分为8组,分别注射以下质粒:A组pcDNA3.1-S 100μg;B组:pcDNA3.1-GM-CSF-S 100μg;C组:pcDNA3.1-S-GM-CSF 100μg;D组:pcDNA3.1-S 50μg pcDNA3.1-GM-CSF 50μg;E组:pcDNA3.1-GM-CSF 100μg;F组:重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗1μg;G组:pcDNA3.1 100μg;H组:磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)100μl。于质粒注射前4d肌肉注射0.25％bupivacaine溶液100μl,诱导骨骼肌细胞变性。以HBsAg和GM-CSF的融合乙型肝炎表达质粒免疫HBV转基因小鼠,检测HBV转基因小鼠血清HBsAg表达水平及肝细胞HBsAg的表达,检测脾细胞白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4及γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的分泌水平及淋巴细胞增殖情况,并进行肝组织学检查。结果 质粒加强免疫4周后血清HBsAg检测结果A组为28.28±15.32、B组为10.77±9.18、C组为44.16±8.30、D组为21.93±13.28、E组48.04±3.60、F组为38.3±11.66、G组为47.03±3.96、H组为51.46±4.70,F=11.262,P<0.01,其中B组血清HBsAg滴度显著低于其余各组。IL-2分泌水平(pg/ml)A组为25.5±7.5、B组为48.5±11.3、C组为4.0±2.5、D组为38.0±8.5、E组为3.7±2.1、F组为6.5±23.     

白细胞介素12对结核病患者TH1/TH2平衡的影响

目的探讨白细胞介素12(IL-12)对结核病患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)分泌干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)的影响.方法随机将25例结核患者和15名健康人PBMC分为RPMI1 640组、PPD组、PPD+rhIL-12组、PPD+anti-IL-12组,采用ELISA法检测各组培养上清液中IFN-γ、IL-4的水平.结果与PPD组相比,加入rhIL-12能有效增加结核患者及健康人PBMC分泌IFN-γ(分别为321.6±87.7至452.5±111.4, 387.0±70.8至515.4±44.1), 减少IL-4的分泌(54.6±11.0至41.3±13.5,55.1±9.5至38.2±12.7);而加入anti-IL-12可抑制IFN-γ的分泌,促进IL-4合成,且结核患者各组IFN-γ水平均低于健康人各对应组,而IL-4水平无差异.复治组IFN-γ、IL-4水平均低于初治组(P<0.05).结论 IL-12通过诱导IFN-γ分泌,抑制IL-4合成,从而调节TH1/TH2平衡,对结核分支杆菌感染患者产生保护性的免疫反应.IL-12可作为结核免疫调节剂,并可用于开发结核新疫苗.     

日本血吸虫虫卵抗原诱导CD4+CD5+T细胞及其细胞因子表达

目的 探讨日本血吸虫虫卵抗原诱导宿主免疫应答下调的机制.方法 6～8周龄雌性队LB/c小鼠分为2组,实验组小鼠口服血吸虫虫卵10 000个以及尾静脉注射可溶性虫卵抗原(SEA)200μg,每周免疫1次,共4次;对照组注射PBS.流式细胞仪检测SEA免疫小鼠CD4+CD25+T细胞数量;与CD4+CD25-T细胞共同培养,检测CD4+CD25+T细胞抑制功能;流式细胞仪检测CD4+CD25+T细胞表达IL-4、IL-10与IFN-γ水平;酶联免疫吸附试验检测静脉血IL-10和转化生长因子-β表达水平.结果 实验组小鼠CD4+CD25+T细胞数量为14.7%,对照组为7.4%;实验组IL-10为29.2 pg/ml,对照组为11.0 pg/ml.与CD4+CD25-T细胞相比,CD4+CD25+T细胞主要合成IL-10及少量IFN-γ.CD4+CD25+T细胞显著抑制CD4+T细胞增殖. 结论 日本血吸虫虫卵抗原可能通过诱导CD4+CD25+T细胞和IL-10下调机体免疫应答.     

调节性T细胞抑制约氏疟原虫感染小鼠早期Th1应答的建立

目的探讨调节性T细胞(Tregs)参与约氏疟原虫感染早期调控Th1型免疫应答的相关机制。方法用约氏疟原虫(致死型)感染对照组和anti-CD25 mAb注射组BALB/c小鼠,计数红细胞感染率;感染后第0、3和5d制备脾细胞悬液,磁珠分选、纯化树突状细胞(DCs)并体外培养;ELISA方法检测脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和DCs培养上清中IL-12的水平,Griess方法检测脾细胞培养上清中NO含量。结果两组小鼠脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和NO水平在感染后第3～5d均明显升高,但对照组小鼠IFN-γ和NO水平明显低于anti-CD25 mAb注射组小鼠。anti-CD25 mAb注射组小鼠DCs培养上清中IL-12的水平于感染后第3d达峰值,并于感染后第5d仍维持较高水平。相比,对照组小鼠DCs培养上清中IL-12的水平仅于感染后第3d出现有意义的升高。结论Tregs在致死型约氏疟原虫感染BALB/c小鼠早期可能通过抑制DCs分泌细胞因子IL-12来抑制Th1型免疫应答的有效建立。     

IL-18抑制HepG2肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的机制

目的探讨IL-18抑制人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤进展的机制。方法选用人肝癌细胞株HepG2建立裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,予IL-181.25μg。分4 w组、3 w组、2 w组和0 w组,其中4 w组为模型开始建立的第1天始注射IL-18,注射时间为0～4 w;3 w组为模型开始建立后1 w始注射IL-18,注射时间为1～4 w;2 w组为模型开始建立后1 w始注射IL-18,注射时间为1～3 w,第4 w停止治疗;0 w组为模型建立4周均未注射IL-18的对照组。4 w后处死取肿瘤组织,免疫磁珠阴选各组肿瘤组织中CD4+T细胞,流式细胞术检测各组浸润的CD4+T细胞中IL-17+CD4+T(Th17)细胞和IFN-γ+、CD4+T(Th1)细胞水平。结果 IL-18能显著抑制肝癌皮下移植瘤的形成及转移,早期给药疗效更佳,随着疗程的延长肿瘤逐渐减小;IL-18给药疗程越长,肿瘤组织中浸润的Th1细胞越多,Th17细胞减少,4 w组与0 w组比较差异显著(P<0.01),3 w组、2 w组与0 w组比较差异显著(P<0.05);IFN-γ生成和IL-17减少与细胞表达一致。结论 IL-18诱导IFN-γ的生成,抑制IL-17的产生,减少Th17细胞的分化,抑制肿瘤微环境中新生血管的形成和肿瘤的进展;在肿瘤微环境中,IFN-γ产生增强了细胞毒作用及机体对肿瘤细胞的免疫监视功能。     

细胞因子表达质粒对恶性疟原虫顶端膜抗原1DNA免疫的调节作用

目的　探讨细胞因子表达质粒对小鼠DNA免疫的促进和调节作用。　方法　构建编码恶性疟原虫顶端膜抗原1(AMA1)完整胞外域的DNA免疫质粒VR1020/E,构建编码小鼠细胞因子(GMCSF)、白细胞介素(IL)如IL4和IL12的真核表达质粒pcDNA3/GMCSF、pcDNA3.1( ) /IL4和pIL12以及双顺反子质粒pGM CSF/pTPA E,分组免疫小鼠,ELISA检测血清中特异性IgG及其亚类的水平,取小鼠脾细胞进行体外增殖。　结果　 3种细胞因子质粒均有效增强了小鼠针对VR10 20/E的免疫应答,抗体水平增加7至10倍,其中pcDNA3/GMCSF质粒和pIL12质粒分别显著促进了小鼠的IgG1和IgG2a应答,小鼠脾细胞的体外增殖水平亦有明显提高。　结论　利用编码GM CSF、IL4和IL12的表达质粒作为佐剂可有效增强小鼠针对AMA1DNA的免疫应答,并对免疫应答的类型产生调节作用。     

前列腺癌树突细胞瘤苗的制备及其应用

目的 构建前列腺癌树突细胞（DC）瘤苗,并探讨其体内外抗前列腺癌的作用。方法 分离C57BL／6小鼠骨髓前体细胞制备DC,光镜下观察DC的形态学特征,混合淋巴细胞试验、辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）吞噬试验观察DC的生物学特性。经RM-1前列腺癌细胞裂解产物致敏构建DC瘤苗,将DC瘤苗皮下注射于18只前列腺癌模型小鼠。结果成熟DC突起多而长,胞内囊泡少,刺激T细胞增殖能力强;DC瘤苗分泌IL-12能力增强;小鼠应用DC瘤苗后,其脾脏T细胞对RM-1细胞具有特异性杀伤作用;荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长缓慢,坏死明显,瘤体内及肿瘤周围有大量炎细胞浸润。结论小鼠骨髓单核细胞在粒细胞／巨细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和IL-4诱导下可转化为DC。RM-1前列腺癌细胞裂解物致敏构建的DC瘤苗能诱导T细胞对RM-1细胞产生特异性杀伤作用,且能分泌更多的IL-12,可用于前列腺癌的免疫治疗。     

The impact of intraoperative vaccination with IL-12 modified autologous tumor cells in the Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model

Purpose

To improve immunological defense of tumors, we investigated the effect of intraoperative vaccination with IL-12 cDNA transfected cells in an autologous mouse tumor model.

Methods

Tumors derived from autologous Lewis lung carcinoma cells were established in C57/BL6 mice. At day seven, the tumors were surgically removed. Simultaneously, the mice were vaccinated intraoperatively with Lewis lung carcinoma cells transfected with an IL-12-encoding pRSC construct or with the empty plasmid, or with dead cells either intrasplenically (i.s.) or subcutaneously (s.c.). Control mice did not obtain vaccination. Tumor re-growth, survival, and metastasis were monitored. Mice with no tumor re-growth underwent a second tumor implantation. The same parameters were examined.

Results

After tumor resection and vaccination tumors reappeared in 60.0% of the animals of the control group. Lowest tumor reoccurrence rates of 41.4 and 43.5% were seen in animals receiving IL-12 pRSC cells either i.s. or s.c. Survival tended to be enhanced in all vaccinated animals compared with the control group. Following R0 tumor resection, the rate of tumor-free survivors was highest when IL-12 pRSC cells were given i.s. (73%, control 45%). 37–59% of the mice of the therapy groups did not develop a tumor, that is, they were tumor-free survivors. These mice underwent a second tumor implantation 120?days after tumor resection and vaccination. Tumor growth was significantly delayed in mice receiving IL-12 pRSC cells.

Conclusions

Intraoperative autologous whole-cell vaccination is practicable and proved to have anti-tumor potential, and therefore, it could be an additional option in adjuvant cancer therapy.     

GM-CSF promotes differentiation of human dendritic cells and T lymphocytes toward a predominantly type 1 proinflammatory response

OBJECTIVE: We recently demonstrated that patients with high levels of circulating dendritic cells (DC) and interleukin (IL)-12 are associated with reduced cancer relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Identifying a growth factor that can promote these immune functions may have beneficial anti-tumor effects. We investigated the hypothesis that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces IL-12 production and polarizes T lymphocytes toward a proinflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), T lymphocytes, and antigen-presenting cells (APC) were cultured with GM-CSF and compared with no growth factors (control), G-CSF, or both GM-CSF and G-CSF. Cells were matured with either lipopolysaccharide or lectin (phytohemagglutinin). Type 1 and type 2 cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Induction of allogeneic T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by GM-CSF-stimulated APC was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction. DC were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Levels of type 1 (IL-12, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) cytokines increased while type 2 (IL-10 and IL-4) cytokines decreased after stimulation of PBMC, T lymphocytes, and APC with GM-CSF. APC treated with GM-CSF induced higher proliferation of allogeneic T cells. CD11c and CD123-positive DC proliferated after exposure to GM-CSF. Both subtypes of DC (DC1 and DC2) were increased by GM-CSF. CONCLUSIONS: GM-CSF induces production of type 1 proinflammatory cytokines by human PBMC, T lymphocytes, and APC. Type 2 cytokines are downregulated by GM-CSF and proliferation of allogeneic T cells is increased. These results demonstrate the potential for GM-CSF as a clinical agent for immune stimulation.     

Adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose interleukin-2: kinetics of circulating progenitors correlate with interleukin-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor level.

Immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells results in significant tumor regression in patients with advanced cancer. We have investigated the kinetics of circulating erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocytic-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitors after IL-2 therapy in 11 cancer patients, mainly affected by metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Administration of IL-2 from day 1 through day 5 constantly induced a dramatic decrease of the number of circulating BFU-E and CFU-GM, which then showed a striking rebound (up to values fourfold and sevenfold higher, respectively, than the pretherapy levels) on discontinuation of IL-2, ie, from day 5 through day 10. A similar kinetic pattern was observed during and after the second cycle of IL-2 administration. 3[H]-thymidine killing experiments showed that the cycling activity of the progenitors was virtually unmodified in the rebound phases. To explore the mechanism(s) underlying this kinetic pattern, we have analyzed the plasma concentration of several hematopoietic growth factors, including IL-1 beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), G-CSF, and erythropoietin (Ep). No modifications in the levels of IL-3, GM-CSF, or IL-1 beta were observed, whereas a pronounced increase of IL-6 and G-CSF concentration was monitored, starting at day 3 and peaking at day 5 of treatment (a parallel, but modest, increase of Ep level was also observed). The elevation of IL-6 and G-CSF concentration is directly correlated with and may, at least in part, underlie the subsequent rebound of circulating hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, the increase in IL-4 level observed at day 10 of therapy may mediate the eosinophilia gradually starting at this stage of treatment.     

Soluble CD4, soluble CD8, soluble CD25, lymphopoieitic recovery, and endogenous cytokines after high-dose chemotherapy and blood stem cell transplantation

Mononuclear cell preparations from peripheral blood after mobilization with hematopoietic growth factors have been shown to induce accelerated neutrophil and platelet recovery as compared with that induced by autologous bone marrow transplantation after myeloablative chemotherapy. Because these mononuclear cell products contain many immunocompetent cells other than hematopoietic progenitors, these accessory cells might contribute to the rapid immunohematopoietic reconstitution. We have monitored the concentrations of soluble CD4 (sCD4), sCD8, and sCD25; the recovery of the lymphocyte subsets and of natural killer (NK) cells; and the endogenous levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) in 12 patients who underwent high- dose chemotherapy supported by blood stem cells that were obtained by mobilization with chemotherapy and GM-CSF. The concentrations of both G- CSF and IL-6 peaked at 7 days after reinfusion of stem cells, and this transient elevation preceded the increase in the white blood cell count by approximately 5 to 7 days. The levels of sCD4 and sCD8 increased to a maximum on day 21, and the time to peak levels coincided with the maximum increase in white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, or lymphocytes. The levels of sCD25 were found to be elevated from day 7 to day 21. Statistically, the increases in sCD4, sCD8, sCD25, G-CSF, and IL-6 were highly significant, whereas there were no significant changes in IL-3 and GM-CSF. A rapid recovery of the NK activity was found in all 8 of the patients who could be monitored for this assay. Therefore, our study suggests that recovery of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and NK activity coincided with that of neutrophils, which is preceded by a marked, but transient, elevation of IL-6 and G-CSF.     

腺病毒介导的胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因对小鼠肝癌的治疗

目的 探讨腺病毒介导的胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因对小鼠肝癌的基因治疗效果。方法 分离纯化ＡｄＣＤ,体外实验观察ＩＣ５０,旁观者效应及凋亡现象。在体内,ＡｄＣＤ瘤内注射并腹腔注射５ＦＣ,观察ＡｄＣＤ／５ＦＣ系统对肝瘤荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤效应。结果 当ＭＯＩ＝１００时,ＡｄＣＤ感染的ＭＭ４５Ｔ．Ｌｉ细胞对５ＦＣ敏感,ＩＣ５０〈５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。当ＡｄＣＤ感染的ＭＭ４５Ｔ．Ｌｉ细胞占１０％时,可有７２％细胞死亡,Ａｄ     

Cytokine profile during high-dose rhG-CSF therapy in severe congenital neutropenia

The effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on cytokine profile was evaluated in a case of severe congenital neutropenia. The plasma levels of cytokines were measured before and during rhG-CSF therapy. These included G-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-1α, in-terleukin-1 β, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-4, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α. Soluble Interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was measured serially during rhG-CSF therapy. Lymphocyte subpopulations Including CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, and CD25 were also measured, rhG-CSF was administered once daily as a 30-min infusion. The patient was treated with Increasing dose levels of 100,200,400, 800, and 1,600 μg/m²/day. The level of endogenous G-CSF was elevated to 334 pg/ml before treatment and GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-3, and IL-6 were slightly elevated. Clinically, he showed a moderate response to a high dose of rhG-CSF (1,600 μg/m²/day). Plasma levels of G-CSF markedly Increased during therapy but plasma levels of other cytokines did not show significant changes during therapy and iymphocyte subpopulations did not significantly change. A drastic Increase in siL-2R expression was observed after rhG-CSF infusion and an Increase in siL-2R expression occurred even before a major increase in granulocyte counts. These results showed that a high dose rhG-CSF therapy may influence the cytokine network as judged by the increased slL-2R expression. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Clinical implications of cytokine and soluble receptor measurements in patients with newly-diagnosed aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Abstract: Serum levels of 13 different cytokines and receptors were measured serially in 78 patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated by 4 cycles of an intensive multi-agent chemotherapy regimen. Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was administered subcutaneously in 36 of these patients from day + 5 to day + 18 after each chemotherapy. Statistically significantly higher pretreatment levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2r), the soluble transferrin receptor (sTf-r), and neopterin, were observed in NHL patients as compared to controls (p< 0.001 for all molecules). sIL-2r and sTf-r levels correlated with tumor burden (p< 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) whereas IL-6 was higher in patients presenting B symptoms (p< 0.001). Cytokine levels progressively declined to normal ranges in responding patients, while they remained elevated in non-responders. Relapsed patients also presented increased concentrations of several molecules. During the administration of GM-CSF, we observed the drastic increase of sIL-2r, while lower elevations were recorded for a number of cytokines, including IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, IL-6, and IL-2. However, upon completion of the induction treatment, cytokine/receptor levels were comparable among individuals with the same type of response, whether or not they had received GM-CSF. No single parameter was found to be of prognostic significance, but the combination of elevated IL-10 and of sIL-2r greater than 3000 U/ml selected a subgroup of 7 patients who failed induction treatment (p = 0.002). These results demonstrate that cytokine and soluble receptor measurements can provide valuable informations for a better management of NHL, in terms both of markers to monitor disease activity and of prognostic indicators.     

Immunomodulatory effects of moxifloxacin in comparison to ciprofloxacin and G-CSF in a murine model of cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia.

We analyzed the effect of the two quinolones moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin on the repopulation of hematopoietic organs and on the production of cytokines by various organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced leukopenic mice. The effect was compared to that of G-CSF. Cyclophosphamide injection induced a severe leukopenia, with nadir at day 4 post-injection. All the quinolone and G-CSF-treated animals showed WBC>500/microL at the nadir, compared to 50% of saline-treated mice. Cyclophosphamide induced a marked decrease in the number of myeloid progenitors (CFU-C) in bone marrow (BM) and spleen. Quinolone or G-CSF treatment resulted in a 1.4-4.3-fold increase in CFU-C numbers in the BM; no enhancement was observed in the spleen. Treatment with CP resulted in enhanced colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in bone shaft and spleen and decreased activity in bladder and lung. Treatment of CP-injected mice with quinolones significantly enhanced CSA in the bone shaft, spleen, lung and bladder on different days. In normal mice the highest levels of GM-CSF and IL-6 were observed in lung-conditioned medium (compared to bone shaft, spleen and bladder). Injection of CP resulted in a 22.5- and 93-fold decrease in GM-CSF and IL-6 levels, respectively, in lung-conditioned medium, while treatment with quinolones resulted in 2-4-fold increase in GM-CSF with no effect on IL-6 production. G-CSF treatment had no enhancing effect on GM-CSF nor on IL-6 production. We conclude that moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin administered to CP-injected mice revert some of the immune suppressive effects of cyclophosphamide.