胸腔镜下胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液49例的临床疗效

目的评价电视胸腔镜下胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法恶性胸腔积液患者49例均行胸腔镜下胸膜活检术，以滑石粉加沙培林为硬化剂行胸膜固定术；如胸膜腔有粘连，则先行胸膜粘连烙断术；伴有心包积液时，同时行心包开窗术。结果49例患者均明确诊断为恶性胸腔积液；无手术相关并发症及手术死亡病例；术后发热24例（49．0％）；肺部感染2例（4．1％），其中1例并发急性呼吸衰竭。术后随访3～14个月，中位随访时间6个月，完全缓解47例（95．9％），部分缓解2例（4．1％），总有效率100％。结论胸腔镜下应用滑石粉及沙培林行胸膜固定术是治疗恶性胸腔积液一种安全、有效的方法。     

胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液31例

目的：探讨胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的效果。方法：回顾性分析采用胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液患者31例，所有手术均在全麻下进行。胸膜固定术通过清除胸腔积液和粘连、然后喷洒滑石粉的方法。术前无病理诊断者通过胸腔镜同时获取活体组织。结果：术后平均胸腔引流量745nl，平均带管4．3d。经胸膜固定术后症状明显缓解，生活质量明显改善，胸膜固定术有效率为100％。1例术后发生复张性肺水肿，无手术死亡。恶性胸腔积液者的1a生存率为41．3％。结论：胸腔镜胸膜固定术是一种微创、有效、实用的治疗方法，治疗恶性胸腔积液可减轻症状、改善生活质量、相对延长寿命，具有较好的疗效。     

内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗顽固性胸腔积液54例

目的探讨内科胸腔镜对顽固性胸腔积液患者进行滑石粉胸膜固定术的疗效。方法 54例顽固性胸腔积液患者在局麻下进行内科胸腔镜手术,充分引流胸水后,用滑石粉行胸膜固定术,术后观察其手术疗效、并发症及不良反应。结果 4周后完全缓解41例,部分缓解12例,无效1例,总有效率98.1%,复发率7.4%（4/54）。无肺水肿、ARDS、空气栓塞、肺纤维化等并发症发生。结论用内科胸腔镜进行滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗顽固性胸腔积液是一种安全、有效的方法。一般情况比较差和肺功能差的患者均可以接受此手术。     

医用明胶行胸膜粘连术治疗顽固性胸腔积液42例临床观察

目的：观察医用明胶行胸膜粘连术的临床效果、不良反应及并发症。方法：治疗组42例顽固性胸腔积液患者均采用胸腔闭式引流术,注入医用明胶;对照组42例采用常规胸腔闭式引流术。观察期间两组患者均接受对症支持治疗。结果：治疗组总有效率为92．86％,对照组总有效率为38．10％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：医用明胶行胸膜粘连术治疗顽固性胸腔积液,疗效好、安全性高。     

尿激酶胸腔内注射治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液

目的 评价尿激酶胸腔内注射治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液的疗效。方法 采用掷币法随机分为治疗组（胸腔内注射尿激酶）和对照组（常规抽液组），比较疗效。结果 疗组住院时间缩短．6月后CT提示胸膜恢复良好。结论 早期应用尿激酶胸腔内注射配合抗痨治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液，能逆转部分增厚的胸膜，有利于胸液引流．远期预后良好。     

胸腔内给药治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的：观察香菇多糖(LNT)、胞必佳(N-CWS)和顺铂(DDP)治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效；方法：84例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为三组，分别胸腔内注射LNT、N-CWS和DDP；结果：LNT组、N-CWS组总有效率分别为85．7％、87．5％，疗效高于DDP组(58．3％)，且毒副反应低，使用后，患者生存质量改善，缓解期延长；结论：LNT、N-CWS胸腔内注射对恶性胸腔积液有良好疗效，尤其适应于年老体弱，全身情况较差的晚期患者。     

胸腔镜在复发性恶性胸腔积液诊治中的应用

采用胸腔镜配合胸膜固定术治疗43例复发性恶性胸腔积液患者，并通过胸腔镜同时获取活体组织行病理学检查。结果43例患者均获病理确诊，其中甲状腺癌2例，结肠癌4例，乳腺癌6例。胸膜间皮瘤3例。肺癌28例；经胸膜固定术后症状明显缓解，胸膜固定术有效率为100％。2例术后发生复张性肺水肿。无手术死亡。随访1～2个月无大量胸腔积液复发，无死亡。提示胸腔镜是一种微创、有效、实用的诊治方法，配合胸膜固定术治疗复发性恶性胸腔积液可减轻症状、改善生活质量。具有较好的疗效。     

电视胸腔镜对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断与治疗

以往临床上对不明原因的胸腔积液的患者，通过癌细胞学检查、纤维支气管镜活检、胸腔穿刺胸膜活检术均无法取得明确的病理诊断，应用电视胸腔镜，直视下行胸膜多处活检。并经胸腔镜下行胸膜腔闭锁术，临床效果满意。通过胸腔镜对不明原因的胸腔积液病理诊断阳性率高、创伤小、并发症少，结合胸腔内的喷洒使胸膜粘连，和水复发率低，     

经单孔胸腔镜喷洒滑石粉和四环素治疗顽固性恶性胸腔积液

目的　观察经胸腔镜喷洒滑石粉和四环素混合粉治疗化疗无效的恶性胸腔积液的疗效及影响因素、不良反应。方法　应用CarlStarz - 2 6 0 4 0纤维导光硬质单胸腔镜向患侧胸腔内喷洒滑石粉和四环素混合粉 ,对 15例化疗无效的恶性胸腔积液患者实施胸膜固定术 ,观察疗效及不良反应。结果　 15例中疗效达CR 10例 ,PR 3例 ,NR 2例 ,总有效率 (CR +PR)为 86 .7% ,治疗有效者肺活量增加(P <0 .0 5 ) ,中位生存期 11.5个月。不良反应主要为发热、胸痛。结论　经胸腔镜喷洒滑石粉行胸膜固定术是治疗顽固性恶性胸水的有效方法 ,CR高达 6 6 .7% ,有效率与文献报道胸腔镜单用滑石粉治疗未经分类的恶性胸水的疗效相近。具有治疗费用低、并发症少、创伤小、胸水不易复发等优点     

热疗联合胸腔注射香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的 探讨热疗联合胸腔内注射香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的作用机制,观察近期疗效.方法 50例恶性胸腔积液患者,分为单纯组和联合组,均行胸腔闭式引流.单纯组给予胸腔内注射香菇多糖；联合组每次胸腔内注射香菇多糖后30分钟给予射频热疗.结果 联合组总有效率为92.3％ (24/26),单纯组总有效率为66.7％ (16/24),联合组优于单纯组,两组之间差异有显著性；两组治疗前后均未出现血液系统反应及肝、肾功能损害,治疗期间,两组患者仅有少部分出现发热、胸痛等不良反应,两组比较差异无显著性.结论 热疗联合胸腔内注射治疗恶性胸腔积液效果好,能明显改善患者生活质量.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.