高原养路工体力劳动强度调查研究

目的：通过对高原地区不同海拔高度养路工劳动强度的调查分析，从而提出合理的劳动生产定额和劳动作业制度；方法：选择本省不同海拔（察尔汗、都兰、花石峡）养路工人，分别进行工时利用率、肺通气量、能量代谢率和心率测定，按照国家标准（GB－3869－83）的要求进行分级；结果：在同一海拔高度，随着劳动强度增加，肺通气量、能量代谢率和心率均有增加，特别是在重体力劳动时肺通气量变化明显，察尔汗、都兰、花石峡3个地区工作日总能量消耗超过国家规定的卫生学限度，劳动强度分别为Ⅱ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级；结论：人体在高原从事体力劳动时，随着海拔的升高，生理负荷加重，劳动能力下降。     

高原地区某铅锌矿铅作业工人健康状况调查

高原地区某铅锌矿铅作业工人健康状况调查青海省职业病防治院马晓莉铅是工业生产过程中最常见的毒物之一，长期处于铅作业环境下对从业人员的健康，会受到不同程度的危害［１，２］。为了解高原高海拔地区铅作业工人的健康状况，我们对青海高原柴达木盆地海拔３３００ｍ的...     

西飞公司噪声作业分级及工人健康状况调查报告

目的：了解西飞公司噪声作业工人听力损失及损伤情况，为噪声作业的治理提供科学依据。方法：对西飞公司1197名噪声作业工人进行健康检查，包括一般情况、内科检查、心电图检查、听力检查、化验等，按照GB16152-1996《职业性噪声聋诊断标准及处理原则》进行诊断。结果：听力损失率为43.52%；听力损伤率为1.92%。结论：航空制造业噪声危害严重，应该加强噪声治理及安全防护。     

加强预防职业性听力损伤的个体防护

职业性听力损伤是工业企业最常见的职业危害之一，其职业因素为作业工人的生产性噪声（下简称噪声）暴露。要做到有效地预防职业性听力损伤，除努力进行技术改造以最大限度控制作业环境的噪声强度外，进一步加强作业工人的个体防护具有十分重要的意义。1加强个体防护的必要性1．1许多工作现场噪声仍然“超标”我国现行工业噪声卫生标准是1980年制定的，该标准要求原有作业场所和新建作业场所的噪声强度应分别不超过90dB（A）和85dB（A）．与一些工业发达国家相比，这个标准是比较低的。尽管如此，由于噪声控制技术的复杂性，技术改造需投…     

急进型融合矽肺21例临床X线分析

目的：探讨21例急进型矽肺呈现融合类圆形大阴影的X线特征。方法：对21例经职业性流行病学调查，X线检查或病理证实的Ⅲ期矽肺进行回顾性分析。结果：21例均并发支气管炎与轻度肺气肿。其中类圆形大阴影位于右中肺、中上肺15例，左中肺、中上肺6例。3例并有陈旧性肺结核征象，1例并发肺结核。结论：尘肺的诊断必须根据可靠的职业性接尘史、临床表现、X线技术质量合格的后前位高千伏胸片，参考必要的动态观察资料及单位尘肺流行病学调查情况，再经职业病诊断组专家会诊，并依据国家尘肺诊断标准．方可做出X线诊断和分期。     

“计算机辅助检测在尘肺病动态诊断中的应用研究”课题通过专家验收

2009年7月22日上海市科委组织专家对“计算机辅助检测在尘肺病动态诊断中的应用研究”课题进行验收。因职业原因在粉尘密集的环境下进行劳动的工人，常年累月可能导致粉尘在肺内积聚而罹患尘肺病。我国是全球尘肺病最严重的国家，数百万一线工人常年工作在矿山、冶炼、制造、建筑材料及道路建设的环境中。截至2008年底，全国累计报告病例数逾63．8万例，占职业病病例总数的90％以上。病人从胸闷、咳嗽到最后的呼吸困难、肺功能衰竭。     

高原地区车间空气中CO卫生标准的研究

为了有效地保护高原低氧环境下ＣＯ环境中作业工人的身心健康进行了本研究。在海拔１５０ｍ、２２６１ｍ、３４１７ｍ和４７５０ｍ４个不同地区采用标化小鼠急性染毒试验测定Ｌｃ５０，并在海拔２２６１ｍ和４７５０ｍ急性染毒后测定ＨｂＣＯ、ＰＷ２和ＳａＯ２；在海拔２３００ｍ对ＣＯ浓度２６．８／ｍ＾３环境事作业工人进行为期两年的流行病调查。在４个海拔地区染毒小鼠的Ｌｃ５０分别５７１８ｐｐｍ、３４９２ｐｐｍ、３０７７     

劳动条件分级标准执行中若干问题探讨

本文对贯彻劳动条件分级四个标准过程中对分级标准与卫生标准、肺总通气量、能量代谢测定、劳动时间概念、多种毒物同时存在的环境分级及职工与工人两个基本概念进行探讨，提出两个标准皆属原上级预防，是实现达到卫生标准的宏观劳动保护政策性落实措施；劳动时间应当含有年累计劳动时间与法定劳动日的比值关系；建议采用全国或全行业肺总通气量与能量代谢两个测试参数，以方便基层，加速分级进度，节约人财物；肯定毒物分级条文中两种以上毒物存在时以最严重危害分级，建议取掉其后的附加语，提出不同时间同一环境中毒物出现与人员接触时间关系的处理见解，即按接触时间长的毒物作为分级依据；对职工与工人两个概念在分级中的作用进行粗浅复习与讨论。     

浅谈矽肺检查摄影技术的改进

矽肺是尘肺中对人体危害最大的一种职业病，为长期吸入含有游离二氧化硅的粉尘所引起的肺部弥漫性、进行性纤维组织增生病理改变。X线检查是预防矽肺的重要措施之一。可以早期发现矽肺，观察病理的发展情况和治疗效果。X线检查对于诊断矽肺在目前仍属较可靠的一种检查方法。矽肺片质量的优劣，直接影响到矽肺诊断的正确率，     

低浓度铅暴露对机体的影响和早期检测

近些年来，随着作业环境和劳动条件的不断改善，急性错中毒的情况已不多见。许多作者的注意力已逐渐转移到低浓度错暴露对机体的影响和早期检测方面。航空工业生产过程中铅作业工种以磁力探伤、铅锡爆、铅熔化及铸字等为代表，暴露工人较多。为了保护广大铅作业工人的健康，除了鲜高浓度铅暴露可引起作业工人急慢性铅中毒危害以外，对低浓度错作业环境可能对暴露者健康的损害也应引起足够的重视。1俄政挂铂对妇对机体的山响1．亚对心血管系统的影响铅对心血管系统的毒性作用是确实存在的‘”。这种毒性作用不仅存在于急慢性铅中毒病入中，亦…     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.