老年女性排尿困难的尿动力学分析

目的：研究以排尿困难为主诉的老年女性患者的尿动力学变化及其临床意义。方法：女性患者．年龄60～89岁，临床表现为排尿费力，采用尿动力学方法检查尿流率、同步膀胱压力容积流率及肛门括约肌肌电图测定，部分患者同步透视下行影像尿动力学检查。结果：神经原性膀胱尿道功能障碍占27．3％．逼尿肌收缩力低下占34．1％，膀胱颈梗阻为4．5％．尿道远端狭窄13．6％．不稳定膀胱6．8％，非神经原性逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调占4．5％，感觉性尿急2．3％，正常6．8％。结论：尿动力学检查能了解膀胱的功能状况和膀胱出口梗阻的部位．为临床治疗提供了可靠的依据。     

尿动力学检查在女性下尿路疾病中的应用（附78例报告）

目的：研究以下尿路症状为主诉的女性患者的尿动力学变化及其临床意义。方法：女性患者,年龄21～86岁,临床表现为储尿期和（或）排尿期症状,采用尿动力学方法检查尿流率,同步膀胱压力容积流率及肛门括约肌肌电图测定。结果：以排尿症状为主者64例,以储尿症状为主者12例,不稳定膀胱2例。下尿路梗阻28例,其中功能性逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调的16例;子宫阴道下垂伴下尿路梗阻21例;压力性尿失禁18例,其中Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型3例,Ⅱ／Ⅲ型7例。正常9例。结论：尿动力学检查能了解膀胱的功能状况,为临床治疗的选择提供了可靠的依据。     

慢性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学分析

目的探讨Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎患者存在的下尿路症状,结合尿动力学检查分析其原因。方法对30例Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎患者行尿动力学检查,测量其尿流率、充盈性膀胱测压、压力-流率测定、尿道括约肌肌电图同步检测、尿道测压。结果最大尿流率降低18例（60．0％）,前列腺压增高5例（16．7％）,逼尿肌过度活动11例（36．7％）,膀胱出口处梗阻9例（30％）,膀胱感觉过敏5例（16．7％）,低顺应性膀胱4例（13．3％）,逼尿肌收缩无力4例（13．3％）,逼尿肌外括约肌不同程度协同失调14例（46．7％）。结论Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎患者出现不同程度的下尿路症状与前列腺或盆腔局部因素诱发的逼尿肌过度活动、膀胱出口梗阻和逼尿肌-外括约肌协同失调有关。认识并解除这些相关因素有助于提高慢性前列腺炎的治疗效果。     

经尿道前列腺切除术后排尿困难原因分析

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)后非机械梗阻造成的排尿困难的原因.方法:对12例TURP术后仍存在的排尿困难的患者进行尿动力学检查.结果:通过尿动力学检查发现10例存在膀胱逼尿肌收缩无力或下降,3例患者存在膀胱逼尿肌-尿道外括约肌协同失调.结论:膀胱逼尿肌无力和膀胱逼尿肌-尿道外括约肌协同失调是造成下尿路非机械性排尿困难的重要原因,术前行尿动力学检查对手术效果的评估具有重要意义.     

影像尿动力检查在下尿路排尿障碍疾病诊断中的作用

目的 探讨影像尿动力检查在下尿路排尿障碍疾病中的应用价值.方法 2008年12月至2010年3月对115例下尿路排尿障碍患者行影像尿动力检查,确定排尿障碍类型,分析各类疾病的影像尿动力特点.结果 神经原性膀胱患者37例,男性25例,女性12例.其中逼尿肌无反射(DA)18例,膀胱过度活动(OAB)2例,低顺应性膀胱伴肾积水10例,逼尿肌-外括约肌协同失调7例.非神经原性排尿障碍患者59例,男性34例,女性25例;其中膀胱出口梗阻40例,DA 15例,单纯OAB 4例.膀胱扩大术后复查患者7例,男性4例,女性3例.可控回肠膀胱术后男性患者1例.输尿管再植术后男性患者1例.影像尿动力检查显示膀胱尿道功能基本正常者10例,男性6例,女性4例.结论 影像尿动力检查通过压力-流率曲线与实时影像结合分析,可为各类下尿路排尿障碍疾病提供准确的诊断及治疗依据.     

245例前列腺增生患者尿流动力学的结果分析

本文采用自制半卧位尿动力测定床及Ｄａｎｅｃ尿动力仪器，常规行尿流率，压力－流率（同步测定尿道外括约肌肌电图），尿道测压。结果明确诊断ＢＯＯ１６１例，可疑５０例，合并逼尿肌功能受损６５例；膀胱顺应性降低７０例，外括约肌功能失调１１４例；逼尿肌不稳定５９例。最大尿流率受测压导管影响；功能尿道长度与经直肠Ｂ超测定的前列腺尿道长度相关联。结论：１、ＢＰＨ的排尿症状的机械因素与动力学因素共同作用的结果；尿动力学检查是诊断由ＢＰＨ所致ＢＯＯ的一个非常重要的手段，但分析结果时应考虑干扰因素的影响。２、功能性尿道长度与前列腺部尿道长度相关联。     

女性膀胱出口梗阻的研究进展

女性膀胱出口梗阻(FBOO)发病率尚无确切数据,有报道女性LUTS患者中FBOO者占2.7%～8.0%[1-2].根据ICS定义,FBOO是排尿期逼尿肌压力升高以及尿流率降低.FBOO可分为解剖型和功能型2大类.Goldman和Zimmern[3]将解剖型FBOO又分为外压、尿道、腔内等亚型.引起FBOO的病因包括盆腔脏器脱垂、膀胱颈瘢痕形成(通常继发于尿道和阴道前壁外科手术)、导致逼尿肌括约肌协同失诃的神经原性疾病、原发性膀胱颈梗阻(PBNC))、尿道狭窄性疾病、盆底肌肉过度活跃、功能失调性排尿等[4].     

女性下尿路症状患者的尿动力学分析

目的　探讨女性下尿路症状原因及临床意义。　方法　 72例下尿路症状女性患者 ,年龄 8～ 86岁 ,平均 4 8岁。其中排尿困难 4 6例 ,尿失禁 14例 ,尿频 10例 ,夜间遗尿 2例。患者均行尿动力学检测。　结果　 4 6例排尿困难者膀胱容量 6 0～ 80 0ml,其中 2 0例膀胱逼尿肌收缩力为 0 ,2 6例9～ 16 0cmH2 O(1cmH2 O =0 .0 98kPa)。Linp URR图示为Ⅲ级以上梗阻者 19例。尿道静态分布阻力2 5～ 130cmH2 O。膀胱逼尿肌与尿道外括约肌协调性良好者 5例 ,协同失调者 33例。 10例尿频患者膀胱容量 97～ 4 5 0ml,2例排尿期膀胱逼尿肌收缩力为 0 ,8例 31～ 110cmH2 O。Linp URR图示显示Ⅲ级以上梗阻者 2例。 1例急迫性尿失禁者膀胱过度敏感。 6例压力性尿失禁者腹压漏尿点压力 4 4～76cmH2 O。 3例充盈性尿失禁者排尿期膀胱逼尿肌压力为 0 ,尿道静态分布阻力 32～ 4 2cmH2 O。真性尿失禁 4例尿道外括约肌压力 0～ 16cmH2 O ,平均 (8.5± 5 .7)cmH2 O。 2例遗尿患者存在不稳定性膀胱表现 ,排尿期膀胱收缩乏力。　结论　尿动力学检查对女性下尿路症状疾病诊断、治疗、预后判断具有重要指导意义。     

慢性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学检查（附32例报告）

目的：总结慢性前列腺炎患者可能存在的下尿路症状,并结合尿动力学分析各类症状出现的深层次原因,方法：对32例民性前列腺炎患者的尿流率,膀胱压力容积,压力－流率,前列腺压和肌电图进行综合性回顾分析,并与慢性细菌性和非细菌性前列腺炎组的尿动力学变化作了比较。结果：40．6％的患者存在不稳定性膀胱,34．4％,的患者有逼尿肌反邮进,46．9％的患者有膀胱出口梗阻,另有68．7％的患者存在逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调,慢性细菌性和非细菌性前列腺炎组中的尿动力学差异无显著性意义。结论：慢性前列腺炎患者出现不同程度的尿频,尿急,尿等待和排尿费力等下尿路症状可能与前列腺局部充血,逼尿肌反射亢进,膀胱出口梗阻和逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调有关。认识并解除这些相关因素可能有助于提高对慢性前列腺炎的综合疗效。     

综合手术治疗逼尿肌无反射性神经原性膀胱(附10例报告)

本组报告10例,采用经尿道内括约肌切断术和腹直肌转位术的综合手术治疗尿道内括约肌痉挛型的逼尿肌无反射性神经原性膀胱。手术特点:能解除膀胱出口梗阻,改善膀胱逼尿肌的功能障碍。术后病人能自行排尿,术前反复发作急性尿路感染术后均得到控制,术后血肌酐、尿素氮正常者9例,术后残余尿量均小于50ml,最大尿流率15～20ml/s,最大尿道闭合压较术前平均下降7.42kPa,功能性尿道长度较术前平均缩短2cm。     

尿动力学检查在下尿路症状患者诊断中的价值（附324例报告）

目的：评价尿动力学在下尿路症状（LUTS）患者病因诊断中的重要价值。方法：对324例不同年龄的LUTS患者行尿流率、压力容积、压力-流率、前列腺压和肌电图检查,根据检查结果,行相应的临床治疗措施,比较治疗前后IPSS、QOL的变化。结果：根据尿动力学结果提示LUTS病因有5种,膀胱出口梗阻55．9％、逼尿肌受损、逼尿肌-括约肌失协调、不稳定膀胱、膀胱容量减少。制定相应治疗方案,取得良好临床效果。结论：尿动力学检查揭示LUTS的深层次病因,在LUTS患者的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗方式的选择上具有重要的意义,值得临床推广应用。     

Non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder: The relationship between intravesical pressure and the external sphincter electromyogram

We retrospectively reviewed the urodynamic studies of 14 patients: 3 males and 11 females, previously diagnosed clinically and urodynamically as having non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder. The mean age of the patients was 10 years (range 4–24 years). We identified 3 urodynamic features in this patient population that are distinct from those seen in patients with true detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia: (1) quieting of the external sphincter electromyogram (EMG) immediately prior to the onset of a detrusor contraction, (2) quieting of the EMG during the upslope of a detrusor contraction, and (3) augmented EMG activity during the downslope of the detrusor contraction. Although both involve incoordinate bladder and pelvic floor/external sphincter activity, a simple cystometrogram with EMG may allow reliable differentiation between true detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia and non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder.     

Analysis of the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients after prostatectomy

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the pathophysiology of persistent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients after transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). METHODS: A total of 185 patients who had persistent LUTS after TURP were enrolled into this study. All of these patients underwent multichannel videourodynamic studies and were classified into 6 groups according to the urodynamic results. Preoperative prostate volume, resected adenoma weight, and preoperative Q(max) were determined in each of the groups and the symptomatology and urodynamic findings were compared. RESULTS: A normal videourodynamic tracing was found in 17 patients (9.1%), pure detrusor instability in 18 (9.6%), low detrusor contractility in 35 (18.7%), detrusor instability and inadequate detrusor contractility (DHIC) in 27 (14.4%), poor relaxation of the urethral sphincter in 36 (19.3%), and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in 52 (27.8%). Incontinence was noted in 74 patients (40%), and 18 of them had BOO (24.3%). In urodynamic findings, Q(max) and residual urine showed no significant difference among patients with low contractility, poor relaxation of sphincter, DHIC and BOO. Concerning the preoperative prostatic volume, patients with low contractility, poor relaxation of urethral sphincter, and DHIC had a nonsignificantly smaller prostate volume and resected prostate weight than other groups. Preoperative Q(max) showed no significant difference among all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms alone are unreliable in predicting urodynamic findings with respect to obstruction and detrusor instability after TURP. Over half of the patients with persistent LUTS had a small prostate volume and small resected adenoma weight, indicating that some of these patients may not have had BOO. Videourodynamic study is helpful in making an accurate diagnosis for refractory LUTS after TURP.     

VESICOURETHRAL DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: CLINICAL AND URODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES

Purpose

We investigate the association of clinical and urodynamic findings with corresponding clinical grade and possible predictors of clinical grade of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials and Methods

A total of 90 patients, 28 to 62 years old (mean age 45.8 +/− 12.1), with the clinical syndrome of MS were consecutively and prospectively studied. All patients were subjected to detailed video urodynamic evaluation and electromyography of the external urethral sphincter.

Results

Urodynamic evaluation revealed detrusor hyperreflexia in 52 patients (57.7%), detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia in 27 (30%) and hypocontractility or areflexia of the detrusor in 15 (16.6%). Residual urine varied widely from 50 to 900 ml. Decreased compliance with areflexia was seen in 5 patients (5.5%) and nonrelaxing sphincter (but not contracting) with bladder hypercontractility was noted in 9 (10%). Statistical analysis followed comparison of 2 proportions. When patients with a less severe form (grades 1 and 2) were differentiated from those with a more severe form of MS (grade 3), we observed a significant difference only in incontinence, high post-void residual, leg spasticity, urinary stones, hydronephrosis, type 3 detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia, no electromyography activity and positive sharp waves. The variables with the highest predictive value between the groups were urinary stones, sepsis, type 3 detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia and no electromyography activity of the external urethral sphincter (100%).

Conclusions

Proper identification of the bladder and external urethral sphincter status, especially exclusion of detrusor overactivity or a dyssynergic response of the external urethral sphincter, will prevent complications that may result in deterioration of quality of life.     

Urodynamic patterns after traumatic spinal cord injury

Objectives

To study the correlation between neurological level of spinal injury and bladder functions as detected by urodynamic study.

Study design

Analytical study.

Setting and participants

Seventy individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) admitted to the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Detailed clinical, neurological evaluation as per American Spinal Injury Association Classification and radiological assessment were done along with clinical examination of bladder and urodynamic study.

Results

Out of 65 patients with suprasacral injuries, 53 (81.5%) demonstrated hyperreflexia with or without detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, 6 (9.2%) detrusor areflexia, and 6 (9.2%) had normal bladders, 41 (59.4%) low compliance (<20 ml/cmH₂O), and 47 (72.30%) had high detrusor leak pint pressures (>40 cmH₂O). Of the five patients with sacral injuries, one (20%) showed detrusor hyperreflexia, four (80%) detrusor areflexia, and one (20%) had low bladder compliance; all five (100%) had high detrusor leak point pressures.

Conclusions

The correlation between somatic neurologic findings, spinal imaging studies, and urodynamic findings in patients with SCI is not exact. Therefore, bladder management should not completely rely only on clinical bladder evaluation or neurological examination alone, but should always include urodynamic studies.     

排尿期尿道测压的临床应用

目的：确定下尿路梗阻及其梗阻部位。方法：对４１例有下尿路梗阻症状患者进行了排尿期尿道测压（ＭＵＰＰ）,其中包括前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）２９例,男性尿道狭窄３例,逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调３例,女性压力性尿失禁４例,女性尿道末端缩窄综合征１例,前例腺炎１例。结果：２９例ＢＰＨ患者中,２６例有梗阻,其中梗阻位于膀胱颈部２０例;３例逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调患者表现为外括约肌部压力下降;４例女性压力性尿失禁患     

Neurogenic bladder in patients with lumbar vertebral disorders

Bladder and urethral functions were evaluated urodynamically in 114 patients with lumbar disorders including prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc (66 patients), lumbar canal stenosis (19 patients), lumbar spondylolysis and/or spondylolisthesis (21 patients), lumbar spondylosis deformans (5 patients) and ossification of the yellow ligament of the lumbar spine (3 patients). The patients consisted of 88 males and 26 females with an average age of 47 years (range 17 to 73 years). Symptomatic organic infravesical obstruction was excluded by physical and radiographic examination. Cystometry revealed preoperative neurogenic bladder in 23 patients (20%); normal detrusor with overactive sphincter in 2 (9%), underactive in 8 (36%), overactive in 5 (23%) and equivocal in 7 (32%). One patient not receiving cystometry revealed abnormal uroflowmetry with 140 ml residual urine. Twenty of them underwent electromyographic examination of the external sphincter and 15 (75%) had an overactive sphincter. Nine (39%) of them complained no urological symptoms. Neurogenic bladder seemed to highly associate in those having abnormal tendon reflex in the lower extremities, decreased bulbocavernosus reflex and sensory disturbance in the perineal area, but there was no statistical significance. Of twenty-three neurogenic bladder patients, eighteen underwent a lumbar vertebral operation and fifteen received postoperative urodynamic evaluation. Uroflowmetry was improved in more than half of the patients within 3 months after the operation and cystometry was normalized in 4 of 7 patients who underwent cystometry over 6 months after the operation. Preoperative overactive detrusor remained unchanged in two of three patients who underwent cystometry over 6 months after the operation.