Effect of sodium citrate on the rate of cholesterol esterification and on the formation of primary products of lipid peroxidation in human blood. Are these processes related?

In vitro experiments show that sodium citrate in a final concentration of 130 mM induces a 4- to 5-fold increase in the activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. A parallel determination of the blood content of primary products of lipid peroxidation reveals a 20–30% decrease in diene and triene conjugates and lipid hydroperoxides. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 323–325, September, 1995 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Chemiluminescence study of the contents of the products of Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation in different fractions of human blood lipoproteins

It is demonstrated that the content of the primary products of lipid peroxidation reaches the maximum after about 1-h incubation with Cu²⁺ and then declines. At a Cu²⁺ concentration of about 10–15 μM, the content of lipid peroxidation products is maximal; it does not rise with a further increase in the Cu²⁺ concentration. Comparison of the kinetics of lipid peroxidation in different lipoprotein fractions shows that low density lipoproteins are much more strongly oxidized than high density lipoproteins. A strong positive correlation between the amplitude of the chemiluminescence burst and the diene conjugate content is established in 79 independent measurements. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 144–148, February, 1995     

Development of aseptic inflammation during the adaptation of the organism to high altitude hypoxia

The dynamics of lipid peroxidation and of the aseptic inflammatory process is studied in rats adapted to high altitude hypoxia. A greater activity and shorter duration of the acute period of inflammation are found in these animals, while in the reparative period stimulation of the proliferative processes and slowed formation of the fibroblast capsule are noted. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 243–246, September, 1994 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Oxyferriscorbone: Ulcerostatic effect and its possible mechanisms

It is found that oxyferriscorbone inhibits free-radical lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and gastric tissue. Interaction of the drug with modeled membranes is demonstrated. It is suggested that this effect underlies the mechanism of its ulcerostatic action. Translated fromByulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 490–493, May, 1994     

The content of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation products in the tissues of rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free oxygen radicals

It is shown that at the age of 2–3 months S rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free radicals have the same content of tocopherol in the heart, epididymal fat, adrenals, liver, and liver mitochondria as Wistar rats but a lower content of plasma tocopherol. At 10–12 months, the tocopherol content in all studied tissues and organs, except the liver, is higher than in young S rats and age-matched Wistar rats. This is regarded as a compensatory response facilitating the stabilization of LPO under conditions of increased free radical formation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 282–284, March, 1996     

Effects of supplementing the rat diet with selenium on the efficiency of essential linoleic acid metabolism

Examination of the fatty-acid composition of lipids contained in the liver, spleen, blood plasma, aggregated lymphatic follicles of the small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats fed diets supplemented with selenium revealed an appreciable effect of this element on the efficiency with which linoleic acid was metabolized to arachidonic acid, which was reflected in an increased 20:4/18:2 ratio. In contrast, Se was found to have little or no effect on levels of lipid peroxidation products in tissues and blood serum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 136–138, August, 1994     

Effects of diuretics on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection of blood plasma

An increase in the content of primary and final lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and a decrease in the fat- and water-soluble antioxidants in blood plasma are revealed in a study of hypohydration induced by administration of 40 mg furosemide alone or in combination with 1 tablet of triampure. Intensification of free radical processes in states simulating weightlessness may be related to the loss of fluid due to transformation of water-electrolyte metabolism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 478–479, May, 1994 Presented by V. N. Smirnov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of methyluracil and hydroxymethacil on free-radical oxidation in model systems

Three pyrimidine derivatives — methyluracil, hydroxymethacil (a new compound), and its lithium salt — were tested in model systems of differing complexity for antioxidant properties in comparison with the well-known antioxidant ionol. Tests for antiradical activity and for effects on spontaneous and Fe²⁺-ascorbate- or NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation revealed high antioxidant activity (comparable to that of ionol) of the hydroxymethacil lithium salt. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 142–144, August, 1995 Presented by G.N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Parameters of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of children being treated for acquired severe aplastic anemia

It is shown that a peroxidase-catalase mechanism of antioxidant defense predominates in the erythrocytes of children with acquired aplastic anemia, and that the high level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes in such children dictates the need for continued antioxidant therapy during all phases of the disease. The antioxidant effect of glucocorticoids appears to be quite sufficient for eliminating the more severe effects of LPO. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noii Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 36–38, January, 1994 Presented by M. Ya. Studenikin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of pH and glutathione on lipid peroxidation in tocopherol-enriched liposomes

Tocopherol-enriched liver microsomes are more resistant to lipid peroxidation at an alkaline pH of 8.5 in comparison with microsomes incubated at pH 7.5. An alkaline pH provides conditions for two-electron oxidation of tocopherol, which causes the lipid molecule to revert to the initial state (O₂/H exchange). A possible mechanism of inhibition of lipid peroxidation within the physiological range of pH with participation of a glutathione-dependent enzyme is discussed. Translated fromByullenten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 268–270, September, 1995 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Hereditary cardiomyopathy in W/SSM rats: Biochemical mechanisms of development

One mechanism shown to be responsible for the occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in rats of the W/SSM strain, in which this disease is genetically determined, is impairment of cellular membrane integrity resulting from increased hexose transport to cells, generation of hydroxyl radicals, and intensified lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 151–154, August, 1995     

The development of free radical processes in experimental bronchospasm. Effect of the bronchodilator preparation troventol

The development of bronchospasm is shown to be accompanied by lipid peroxidation (LPO) activation; 3-fold and 8-fold rises of malondialdehyde concentration are found in homogenate of lung from sensitized animals and from animals provoked with egg albumin antigen, respectively. The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) reveals that in sensitized rats the production of oxygen free radicals is increased by alveolar macrophages activated with phorbol myristate acetate. Troventol at 10⁻³ mg/ml inhibits the CL response of phagocytes both in intact and in sensitized rats and lowers the level of Fe²⁺-induced LPO in lung tissue but not in the liver of intact animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 619–621, June, 1994     

Stimulation of proliferative activity of human natural killers (CD16+CD56+ cells) by recombinant interleukin-3in vitro

The proliferative activity of human natural killers (CD16⁺CD56⁺ cells) in the presence of 100 and 1000 IU/ml human recombinant interleukin-3 is investigatedin vitro. It is shown that recombinant interleukin-3 reliably enhances natural killer proliferation, causing a 9–15.2-fold increase of³H-thymidine uptake by CD16⁺CD56⁺ cells both in complete culture medium and in conditioned medium. The effect of the factor is 3.9–6.4 and 3.6–8.9-fold more potent than that of recombinant interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, respectively, in the same doses. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 409–412, April, 1995 Presented by S. V. Prozorovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in the activation of lipid peroxidation during fever

Major parameters of oxygen transport and lipid peroxidation are measured in the blood of rabbits with fever, and it is found that hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is decreased while free-radical processes are activated in this state. The data are subjected to multiple correlation analysis and the matrix of paired correlation coefficients obtained for the measured parameters is presented. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o , pp. 44–47, January, 1996 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural changes in the interstitial cells of the renal medulla during endotoxin shock

Ultrastructural modifications of renomedullar interstitial cells are described at different stages of experimental endotoxemia in rats and dogs. The dynamics of changes occurring in organelles, lipid granules (precursors of prostaglandins), and medullar capillaries is presented. It is suggested that the alterations in these granules during endotoxin shock are associated with the synthesis, accumulation, and secretion of their precursors in interstitial cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 107–112, July, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antenatal effects of ethanol and limontar on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system in the brain and liver of rat progeny

In contrast to short-term exposure, prolonged exposure to ethanol in the anternatal period is found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver of rats. Activation of the system of antioxidant defense in the brain and liver is observed after both short-and long-term exposure to ethanol. After short-term ethanol exposure, limontar normalizes lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noii Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 41–44, January, 1994 Presented by M. Ya. Studenikin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on normalization of lipid peroxidation

A study is performed of the effect of chorionic gonadotropin on lipid peroxidation in the liver and myocardium of white rats injected subcutaneously with tetrachloromethane for a long time. Chorionic gonadotropin is shown to reduce the content of diene conjugates and Schiff bases, which suggests an antioxidant effect of the hormone. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 572–573, June, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.     

Metabolism of sialic acid-containing compounds in the gastric and intestinal mucosa in immobilization stress

The metabolism of sialoglycoproteins and ganglioside (free, oligo-, protein-, and lipid-bound sialic acids, and activity of sialidase) is studied in plasma and gastric and duodenal mucosa of rats subjected to immobilization stress for 8 days. Sustained alterations in these parameters are found in severely stressed animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 268–269, September, 1994 Presented by S. S. Debov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.     

Lipid peroxidation parameters in the internal organs of rats with different degrees of resistance to hypoxia

Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system of the heart, liver, and brain are studied in adult male Wistar rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia tested by “raising” to an altitude of 11.5 km and in intact outbred rats. These parameters are found to be the same in the brain of low- and high-resistance rats, while the brain content of lipid peroxidation products is higher in both groups of Wistar rats compared with outbred rats. The heart and liver parameters are coupled to the resistance to hypoxia. Antioxidant activity prevails over lipid peroxidation in the hearts and livers of high-resistance rats, confirming that oxidation plays a major role in the damaging and lethal effects of acute hypoxia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp 26–29, January, 1996 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the brain of rats exposed to acute emotional stress: Effect of interleukin-1β

Acute emotional stress is shown to raise the level of malonic dialdehyde in the hypothalamus of August rats. After intraventricular administration of interleukin-1β, the malonic dialdehyde level and the activity of antioxidant enzymes tended to rise selectively in the hypothalamus (but not in the sensorimotor cortex) of August, Wistar, and WAG rats. In the presence of this interleukin, acute emotional stress did not cause increases in lipid peroxidation products in the hypothalamus of August rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 244–247, September, 1995