经济欠发达地区乡镇公共卫生体制建设实践与思考

为加强农村公共卫生体系建设,保障农民健康,滨海县针对乡镇卫生院现状,于2001年实施乡镇卫生体制改革,实行医防分设,成立独立的预防保健所承担乡镇公共卫生管理与监督工作。3年实践证明,改革符合县情特点,保证了在经济欠发达地区,在有限财政投入情况下的一般预防保健工作,实现了乡镇公共卫生事业良性发展。1农村公共卫生所面临的困难我县地处黄海之滨,为省财政转移支付县。2001年全县乡镇卫生院财政补助336万,共有1 260名职工,其中防保人员188人,防保人员人均年财政补助不足800元;2001年全县防保事业收支相抵,缺口近200万元,需要卫生院通过…     

乡镇卫生院现状与发展思考

乡镇卫生组织是我国卫生体系和农村三级医疗预防保健网的重要组成部分。随着我国社会主义市场经济体制逐步完善和卫生体制改革的不断深入，医疗预防保健机构面临新的挑战。为探索乡镇卫生体制改革之路，尽快解决乡镇卫生院防治剥离的问题，使乡镇卫生组织更好地适应新的形势，全面承担起医疗、防保的综合职能，有效地应对突发公共卫生事件，笔者对通城县乡镇卫生院现状进行了调查，现就有关问题探讨如下：     

对基层防保体制配套改革的探索与思考

我区从1999年起全面进行了乡镇卫生院综合改革,取得了初步的成效。为进一步深化和完善全区卫生工作的综合改革,建立一支与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的基层预防保健队伍,强化预防保健工作,在瓜洲镇先行防保体制改革试点的基础上,于2002年7月在全区范围内全面推行了基层防保体制改革。1 改革的指导思想 以江泽民同志“三个代表”重要思想为指针,根据中共中央、国务院《关于卫生改革与发展的决定》、《关于农村卫生改革与发展的指导意见》等文件精神,全面贯彻“预防为主”的卫生工作方针,明确政府管理卫生工作的职能和范畴,合理配置预防保健资源,理顺预防保健与医疗服务的关系,实行医防分设,组建融社会卫生管理、预防保健服务、卫生监督执法等职能于一体的预防保健机构,切实解决乡镇卫生院进行综合改革后一度出现的卫生行政管理难以实现、防保人员队伍不够稳定、防保工作内在质量下降、防保工作资料散失及纯社会效     

基层防保体制改革探讨

为了认真贯彻预防为主的方针,我市坚持把预防保健工作摆在卫生工作的首要位置,努力提高各级领导的预防保健意识,切实有效地将各项预防保健工作落到实处。我市于１９９８年在原来的乡镇防保组基础上建立乡镇防保站,担负着全市初级卫生保健,防疫妇幼、卫生管理等工作。 １．     

关于深化基层防保体制改革若干问题的思考

<正> 加强公共卫生工作,重点在基层,关键在政府。探索乡镇卫生院产权制度改革已成为一个无法回避的现实问题。通过问卷调查,实地走访乡镇卫生院,与县级卫生行政部门领导、乡镇卫生院院长及防保医生座谈等形式,对全市基层防保体制的现状进行了调研。 1 基本情况 近年来我市公共卫生工作取得了显著的成绩,人群平均期     

乡镇防保所管理实践与探索

随着卫生体制改革的不断深入，人民群众对卫生服务需求的增长，进一步完善农村预防保健工作机制成为目前农村卫生体制改革重要内容。文章就墉桥区目前乡镇防保所实践工作进行总结，论述了新形势下防保工作面临的问题，并就乡镇防保所改革与发展进行探讨。     

关于乡镇预防体制改革的探讨

随着卫生体制改革和人民群众对卫生服务的要求及生活水平的提高,农村预防保健工作越来越重要,旧的卫生体制已不能适应社会的需求。为了在改革大潮中建立一个稳定、高效的防保运行机制,更好地适应社会需要,使崇阳县防保工作上一个新台阶,乡镇卫生院防保组有必要实行卫生体制改革。     

丽水市莲都区乡镇防保网络现况分析

农村乡镇防保网络的建立与完善,是一个地区疾病预防控制的基础,也是政府落实公共卫生策略与措施,有效改善公共卫生质量的重要保证,特别是突发公共卫生事件的预防与控制工作中显得尤为重要.笔者对莲都区乡镇防保网络现状调查分析如下.     

不同经济水平的乡镇的卫生院公共卫生功能发挥比较分析

乡（镇）卫生院是农村三级卫生服务网的枢纽，承担着公共卫生职能。在不同经济水平的乡镇，卫生院的公共卫生工作呈现差异。单变量分析结果：防保人员年人均防保收入情况、卫生院年防保支出存在差异。多变量分析结果：计划免疫工作、防保人员年人均儿童保健工作、妇女保健工作方面存在差异。在此基础上，对差异原因进一步分析，并提出对策。     

深化卫生改革 加强预防保健工作

近年来,大同市卫生局在深化卫生改革中,端正指导思想,狠抓预防保健制度的改革,认真贯彻落实“预防为主”的方针,在开展以医院为中心扩大预防、乡镇卫生院体制改革、推行妇女、儿童保健保偿制等项工作中,不断加强预防保健力量,充实防保设备,使城乡卫生面貌和预防保健质量都有较大改观和提高,为全面实现初级卫生保健各项目标奠定了基础。一、以医院为中心扩大预防,搞好地段预防保健责任制以前,我市各级各类医院基本无防保机构,对下达的预防保健任务,只能从各临床     

Ecosystem health and human health

The study of ecosystem health is a relatively recent discipline that has already provided new insights into numerous aspects of environmental management. One of the most interesting fields of study is the one investigating the relationships between ecosystem and human heath. In this paper some basic terms of reference are given in order to help the understanding of this new approach. One definition of ecosystem health is given, possible causes of degradation are indicated and links with human health are addressed. The ecosystem approach to human health stresses the importance of cultural and social values in shaping the concept of health, both at human and at ecosystem level. Two case-studies showing man-ecosystem interactions are described: mining activities, that provide a suitable field of application of the ecosystem approach, and the case of malaria and DDT, that shows the risks of certain policies neglecting basic human expectations such as health. As a conclusion, some suggestions for possible research activities are given and a few recommendations for sound public health policies are indicated.     

Communicating health through health footprints

The depth and scale of challenges posed by noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are now well known and clearly documented. Reducing the 4 key risk factors has been shown to reduce premature mortality and morbidity by 70% globally. The authors consider how affirmative action can be driven to reduce these risk factors through Health Footprints, targeted interventions within specific domains of consumption, on the basis of an assessment of the negative health effect of specific choices, with the goal of driving healthy choices and improving health. In this article, the authors propose a methodology that ties together insight from public health, behavioral economics, marketing, and health communication. They offer 3 specific examples for affirmative action: a Pigovian tax on unhealthy foods, group-level interventions on the basis of sharing key health data, and personalized prevention tailored to specific individuals. In addition, they discuss the approach to implementation, including the role of an apex coordinating organization in setting standards for data and ethics, and evaluation of the effect of interventions to drive continuous improvement.     

亚健康与健康管理——认识亚健康,做自己的健康管理医师

亚健康问题已成为受社会关注的的热点之一,亚健康作为健康与疾病的中介状态,具有可向疾病发展、又可向健康逆转的双向性,因此,对亚健康的诊断,及时采取干预措施,有助于个体向健康方向转化,对阻止疾病的发生、发展是极其有价值的,本文探讨了亚健康的理念及评估方法.并探讨通过健康管理中心这个平台,利用综合手段,如健康教育宣传、电话咨询、电视、电台健康节目互动、互联网、健康管理门诊治疗、亚健康评估、心理治疗、社会生活方式指导、健康监测等,对亚健康人群进行个体化的健康管理,从而使亚健康状态向健康方面发展,避免慢性病的发生.     

Oral health and systemic health

Certain cancers, hypertension, diabetes, leukemia, gastrointestinal disorders, osteoporosis, and HIV and other infectious diseases can manifest themselves in the oral cavity. In addition, some of these conditions and the therapies for them can affect the teeth and mouth. This article outlines what physicians should know about how certain medical conditions and medications can affect dental health and treatment, how dentists can help detect underlying medical conditions, and how the two professions can better serve patients by working together. placement of implants, periodontal surgery, endodontic treatment, or subgingival manipulation. Physicians should be aware of potential complications from dental treatment, inform patients of the risks, and communicate to the patient's dentist about the patient's physical status, the extent to which his or her condition is under control, and how to prevent complications. The following examples illustrate the need for such interaction between physicians and dentists.