猪胆酸和胆红素快速联产工艺的研究

目的 建立一种低成本、高收率的从猪苦胆中同时提取胆红素和胆酸的联产工艺。方法在胆红素单一提取法的基础上，优化试验条件，筛选最佳提取试剂及组和，建立了快速从猪胆汁中同时分离提取胆红素和胆酸的联产工艺。结果该提取工艺所得胆红素纯度可达到89％，胆酸的纯度73．2％，质量符合中国药典要求；胆红素收率为0．0303％，胆酸收率可达3．5％。结论所得胆红素和胆酸的产率达到或超过单产工艺的产率。     

猪胆酸和胆红素快速联产工艺的研究

目的建立一种低成本、高收率的从猪苦胆中同时提取胆红素和胆酸的联产工艺.方法在胆红素单一提取法的基础上,优化试验条件,筛选最佳提取试剂及组和,建立了快速从猪胆汁中同时分离提取胆红素和胆酸的联产工艺.结果该提取工艺所得胆红素纯度可达到89%,胆酸的纯度73.2%,质量符合中国药典要求;胆红素收率为0.0303%,胆酸收率可达3.5%.结论所得胆红素和胆酸的产率达到或超过单产工艺的产率.     

猪胆汁中三种主要胆汁酸的提取分离

目的从提取胆红素下脚料中同时提取三种胆汁酸。方法混合猪胆汁酸粗品在硫酸催化下形成甲酯,利用猪去氧胆酸甲酯与苯形成的加合物不溶于苯的性质将其分离出来;用乙酸酐将剩余胆汁酸甲酯中的所有羟基转化为乙酸酯,利用猪胆酸甲酯三乙酸酯在正己烷中溶解度低的性质,使其分离,最后用无水乙醇结晶分离出鹅去氧胆酸甲酯二乙酸酯。所得各种猪胆汁酸酯经乙醇-NaOH溶液水解得到纯猪去氧胆酸、猪胆酸和鹅去氧胆酸,并对产物结构进行了表征,纯度经HPLC测定均大于98%。结果通过一次工艺流程分离出三种胆酸,含量均大于98%。结论该提取工艺提高了原料的利用率,适合工业化生产。     

从牛胆汁提取胆红素——树脂法

<正> 从牛胆汁中提取胆红素的方法,目前已有胆钙盐法,和直接快速法提取胆红素。我厂参照有关文献,采用树脂法从牛胆汁中提取胆红素,并可同时得到胆酸。经过实验筛选的D_(261)树脂,胆红素的平均收率为0.006174％,比钙盐法的平均收率0.00461％高33.93％。胆红素平均含量为90.59％,高于钙盐法的平均含量46.63％。     

从牛胆汁中提取牛磺胆酸的工艺研究

目的：建立从牛胆囊胆汁中分离提纯天然牛磺胆酸的工艺。方法：采用盐析、萃取、脱水等生物化学方法和吸附柱层析法及薄层层析色谱法从牛胆汁中分离纯化牛磺胆酸。结果：所得产品经薄层层析法、红外光谱扫描法证实为牛磺胆酸。经薄层扫描法测定含量,牛磺胆酸平均纯度达97.5%;提取方法回收率为61%。结论：建立了从牛胆汁中提取牛磺胆酸的工艺,为进一步开发动物胆汁及利用牛磺胆酸奠定了基础。     

利血平结晶工艺的研究

研究从催吐萝芙木中提取利血平的结晶工艺。催吐萝芙木根粉经粗提、沉淀生物碱、溶解沉淀、沉淀胶质、粗结晶、重结晶，制得利血平。通过单因素法实验，对可能影响利血平提取的因素进行了考察。确定了适宜的利血平结晶工艺。得到的利血平纯度达98．4％，提取总收率29．8％。本结晶工艺所得利血平的纯度和收率均较高，适宜于工业生产。     

提取胆红素酸化规律研究

<正> 胆红素(Bilirubin)是牛胆结石(牛黄)的主要成分之一,也是胆汁的主要色素之一。在猪胆汁中,胆红素的含量在0.06％左右。自Fischer从胆结石中提取出纯净胆红素后,胆红素的提取方法不外间接法和氯仿直接抽提法两种。目前国内从猪胆汁中提取胆红素,多采用间接法。间接法提取胆红素,钙盐的酸化对胆红素的收率及质量影响较大。由于胆红素性质不稳定,在碱性环境中易氧化,酸化时间长,收率不高。因此研究酸化规律对提高胆红素收率很     

胆红素IX_α的提取与纯化研究

用直接水解法从新鲜猪胆汁中提取胆红素IX_α,所得胆红素粗品用改良的氯仿抽提法进行纯化。通过元素分析、红外光谱和质谱等对胆红素的纯度进行确证。胆红素的质谱图上出现清晰的特征谱峰,这些谱峰可望在胆红素异构体和纯度的快速检验方面得到应用。     

猪降钙素的分离纯化

介绍一种简易可行的工艺路线生产猪降钙素,以猪甲状腺中制备所得的降钙素纯度高,收率高,生物活性达168 MRC/mg·pr。     

屠宰绝食生猪与胆红素收率系关的研究

<正> 胆红素是一种名贵的生化药物,是配制人工牛黄的重要成份,目前主要是从猪胆汁中提取,现已证明胆红素的收率与原料的新鲜程度,加工方法及操作技术有关,本文以活体为研究对象,研究了生猪绝食状况与胆红素收率的关系,并应用统计学的原理和方法,对所得数据进行处理,证明宰前绝食与非绝食胆红素收率     

Species-specific and age-dependent bile acid composition: aspects on CYP8B and CYP4A subfamilies in bile acid biosynthesis

The present review aims to give an overview of the cytochrome P450 8B (CYP8B) and cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) subfamilies in relation to biosynthesis of bile acids, in particular trihydroxy bile acids. Trihydroxy bile acids are basically required in most species and have an impact on cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The primary trihydroxy bile acid in most mammals is cholic acid. Some species produce other important trihydroxy bile acids, for example the adult pig which produce hyocholic acid instead of cholic acid. The position of the third hydroxyl group in cholic acid and hyocholic acid, 12alpha or 6alpha position, respectively, has a profound effect on the hydrophilic-hydrophobic property of the trihydroxy bile acids. The CYP8B subfamily is required for introduction of the 12alpha-hydroxyl group in cholic acid biosynthesis. The enzyme responsible for 6alpha-hydroxylation in hyocholic acid biosynthesis, however, varies among species. This review will discuss, in particular, porcine members of the CYP8B and CYP4A subfamilies because interesting findings regarding members of these subfamilies have recently been recognized in this species. CYP8B1 was for a long time believed to be absent in the pig but was recently found to be expressed in fetal pig liver. The enzyme catalyzing the 6alpha-hydroxylation in hyocholic acid biosynthesis in pig was found to be an atypical member of the CYP4A subfamily, denoted CYP4A21. The review presents bile acid biosynthesis in view of these findings and discusses physiochemical properties and developmental-dependent aspects related cholic acid and hyocholic acid biosynthesis.     

钙盐法生产胆红素的研究

本文用正交实验设计的方法,对钙盐法生产胆红素的工艺进行了研究。优选出防止胆红素氧化破坏的最佳条件,缩短了工艺流程,使胆红素收率(以胆汁计)比原工艺(0.030%)增加约0.015%.可达0.045%。     

天然牛黄的质量分析

目的对2批土耳其产牛黄与国产牛黄的质量进行分析比较,判断其是否符合我国牛黄用药标准。方法薄层色谱检识牛黄中的胆酸及胆红素;采用UV比色法测定胆红素的含量;采用薄层色谱扫描法测定胆酸的含量。结果 2批牛黄中含胆红素与胆酸,土耳其产牛黄胆红素与胆酸含量分别为51.32%、4.63%,均高于现行版中国药典的标准;国产牛黄胆红素与胆酸的含量为51.56%、3.22%,其中胆酸含量达不到药典中的要求。结论该批土耳产牛黄可供药用,国产达不到入药标准。     

高效液相色谱法测定安宫牛黄丸中胆红素含量

本文为安宫牛黄丸中胆红素的含量测定建立了简便、精密、准确的高效液相色谱法。以氯仿-盐酸液提取安宫牛黄丸中的胆红素,以反相高效液相色谱法将胆红素与干扰物质分离,以标准曲线进行定量。线性范围为0～0.40mg/ml,平均回收率为100.2%,色谱方法的精密度为日内变异系数小于3.1%。本法可用于牛黄和安宫牛黄丸的质量鉴定。     

TRINITROPHENYLATION OF THE BILIRUBIN BINDING SITE OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN

Human serum albumin has been modified with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid and picryl chloride in low ratios of reagent/albumin. The derivatives have been investigated by spectrophotometry and by thin layer chromatography of the hydrolysates in order to assess the specificity of the reagents. The same reaction conditions were used to modify albumin previously complexed with bilirubin in the ratio of 1:1. The affinity of bilirubin to the modified albumins was estimated by an improved peroxidase method. It is concluded that TNBS and picryl chloride react almost quantity for quantity with -amino groups of lysine on the albumin molecule. The results also suggest that at least one TNBS reactive amino group and at least one picryl chloride reactive amino group are located in or near the high-affinity bilirubin binding site.     

利用射频识别技术 保障体外诊断试剂质量安全

目的：探讨体外诊断试剂规范化管理体系。方法：对体外诊断试剂在供应和使用过程中存在的安全和质量风险因素进行分析,并介绍运用“一体化冷链运输射频识别周转箱”对体外诊断试剂进行整个流程规范化可溯源管理。结果：建立了体外诊断试剂从采购、冷链物流运输、入库验收到使用一整套规范的动态跟踪管理体系。结论：射频识别技术对体外诊断试剂各环节可进行实时监控与记录,确保试剂的质量安全与可溯源。     

冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与胆红素及尿酸水平的相关性研究

目的：探讨冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与胆红素及尿酸水平之间的关系。方法：选取184例冠心病患者,应用颈动脉超声技术检查颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）,根据IMT值分为斑块组82例（IMT≥1.3 mm）和非斑块组102例（IMT<1.3 mm）,记录患者的年龄、性别、高血压史、吸烟史等一般情况,血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、尿酸等实验室指标,进行统计分析和处理。结果：冠心病患者颈动脉斑块组总胆红素、间接胆红素水平低于非斑块组,血尿酸水平高于非斑块组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,Pearson相关分析示总胆红素、间接胆红素水平与颈动脉斑块呈负相关,尿酸水平与颈动脉斑块呈正相关,Logistic逐步回归分析显示：间接胆红素、尿酸是颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素。结论：颈动脉粥样硬化的冠心病患者多伴有血清胆红素及尿酸的异常,干预二者的生成,可以早期预防冠心病患者急性心脑血管事件的发生。     

The Effect of Chronic Lithium Treatment on the Sialic Acid Content in Rat Brain Synaptosomes

Abstract: Rats were fed a lithium-containing diet for five weeks (40 mmol LiCl/kg fodder). Plasma lithium concentration was 0.44 mmol Li⁺/1 plasma. The synaptosomes were isolated and incubated with ³H-glucosamine for 60 min. The glycopeptides and the gangliosides were extracted and the sialic acid content and the ³H-sialic acid content were measured. The lithium treatment produced an increase in the synaptosomal glycopeptide content. The sialic acid content was simultaneously increased in glycopeptides as well as gangliosides. The specific activity of sialic acid was reduced to 75% of the control value in the sialoglycopeptide fraction.     

Influence of curcumin on cyclosporin-induced reduction of biliary bilirubin and cholesterol excretion and on biliary excretion of cyclosporin and its metabolites

We investigated the ability of curcumin, which can be extracted from different Curcuma species, to prevent cyclosporin-induced reduction of biliary bilirubin and cholesterol excretion, and its influence on biliary excretion of cyclosporin (CS) and its metabolites in the bile fistula model in rats. I.v. injection of curcumin (25 and 50 mg/kg) after 30 min increased dose-dependently basal bile flow (30 microliters/kg/min) up to 200%, biliary bilirubin excretion (3000 pmol/kg/min) up to 150%, and biliary cholesterol excretion (22 nmol/kg/min) up to 113%. CS (30 mg/kg) reduced bile flow to 66% and biliary excretion of bilirubin and of cholesterol to 33% of the basal value 30 min after i.v. injection. I.v. administration of curcumin (25 and 50 mg/kg) 30 min after CS increased bile flow dose dependently again to 130% for 1 hour and biliary excretion of cholesterol and of bilirubin to 100% of the basal value for 30 and 150 min, respectively. Injection of curcumin 15 min before CS prevented the CS-induced drop of bile flow at 50 mg/kg and reduction of biliary bilirubin excretion already at 25 mg/kg until the end of the experiment (180 min). The CS-induced reduction of biliary cholesterol excretion, however, was not prevented by curcumin. Finally, the biliary excretions of CS (1200 ng/kg/min) and its metabolites (1200 ng/kg/min) were slightly reduced by curcumin at a dose of 50 mg/kg (to 83% of the initial values). The clinical importance of these controversial effects remains to be shown.