多普勒组织成像技术对高血压病左室舒张功能的研究

目的：探求无创评价左室舒张功能的新方法。方法：以多普勒组织成像技术分析正常人和高血压病患者二尖瓣环的舒张早期运动速度（Ｅａ）、舒张晚期运动速度（Ａａ）,比较两者的不同。并用血流多普勒法检测二法瓣口舒张期流速Ｅ,Ａ分析高血压病患者血流参数的异常。结果：１．正常人Ｅａ,Ａａ、Ｅａ／Ａａ与年龄相关,高血压病患者的相关性减低;２．高血压病患者Ｅａ,Ｅａ／Ａａ,较正常人明显减你且左室肥厚组（ＬＶＨ组）比非左     

正常入房室瓣环运动频谱分析

目的：测定正常人房室瓣环运动速度并对结果分析、探讨。方法：心尖四腔切面,用DTI测定房室瓣环运动速度。结果：房室瓣环收缩期Sann峰值速度与年龄无相关,房室瓣环舒张早期Eann峰值速度、Eann／Aann与年龄负相关,Aann峰值速度与年龄正相关。三尖瓣环Eann／Aann与三尖瓣口血流E／A中度相关,二尖瓣环Eann／Aann二尖瓣口血流E／A高度相关。房室瓣环收缩期峰值Sann峰值速度游离壁侧大于间隔部,三尖瓣前瓣环Sann峰值速度最高。结论：DTI测定的房室瓣环运动速度有望用于评价心室收缩及舒张功能。     

多普勒组织成像探测二尖瓣环e/a比率评价左室舒张功能价值的探讨

目的：探讨二尖瓣环舒张早期与心房收缩期峰值运动速度ｅ／ａ比率评价左室舒张功能的价值。方法：应用多普勒组织成像技术探测正常对照组及原发性高血压患者二尖瓣环侧壁的峰值运动速度ｅ／ａ比率,同时探测二尖瓣血流舒张早期与心房收缩期峰值速度Ｅ／Ａ比率、肺静脉血流收缩期与舒张早期峰值速度Ｓ／Ｄ比率作对照。结果：根据二尖瓣血流Ｅ／Ａ比率,分别讨论：１．Ｅ／Ａ〈１（左室舒张早期功能受损）,二尖瓣环ｅ／ａ比率评价左室     

用超声心动图房室平面位移法评估冠心病左室功能

目的： 探讨超声心动图房室平面位移法 （Ａｔｒｉｏｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒ ｐｌａｎｅ ｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍ ｅｎｔ ＡＶＰＤ） 评估冠心病患者左室收缩舒张功能的可行性。方法： 分别记录４６ 名冠心病患者 ＡＶＰＤ 值及其房室瓣环运动速率 （ＡＶＰＤＶ） 值,ＡＶＰＤ 值与门控扫描所测整体射血分数 （ＥＦ） 及各侧壁射血分数 （ＲＥＦ） 相对照, 房室平均运动速率比值 （ｋ２／ｋ１）与脉冲多普勒所测二尖瓣瓣下血流频谱Ａ／Ｅ 比值相对比。结果：ＣＡＤ 患者ＡＶ－ｍ ｅａｎ 与门控所测ＥＦ 及各位点ＡＶＰＤ值与其门控所测ＲＥＦ 均呈高度正相关。相关公式为ＬＶＥＦ＝ １７．７５＋ ３．２７×ＡＶＰＤ－ｍ ｅａｎ; 房室平面速率 （ｋ２／ｋ１） 值与脉冲多普勒二尖瓣瓣下血流频谱Ａ／Ｅ 相对照, 二者呈高度正相关 （ｒ＝ ０．９５, ｐ＜ ０．００１）。结论： ＡＶＰＤ 法可以在非依赖内膜显示和多普勒技术的情况下无创评估冠心病患者的左心收缩和舒张功能, 尤其适用于基层检查。     

定量组织多普勒评价正常人及高血压患者升主动脉不同节段的弹性

目的:通过心尖长轴切面应用定量组织多普勒成像技术评价正常人及高血压患者升主动脉瓣环处、根部、距离瓣环处5 cm远端三个节段弹性特征.方法:收集高血压81例,及正常对照组72例,取心尖长轴切面,显示升主动脉切面,将取样点置于主动脉瓣环处、主动脉根部、距主动脉瓣环5 em处远端处的升主动脉前壁,得到升主动脉前壁的收缩期S峰、舒张早期A峰、舒张晚期A峰速度曲线.并计算出E/A值.结果:正常组与高血压组升主动脉前壁S峰、E峰,主动脉根部运动速度最高,瓣环处次之,远端最低(P＜0.05);正常组与高血压组舒张晚期A峰主动脉根部速度最高,明显高于瓣环处与动脉根部(P＜0.05),但瓣环处与远端之间运动速度无明显差异(P＞0.05).升主动脉三个节段(瓣环处、根部、远端),高血压组收缩期S峰值、舒张早期E峰值明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05);舒张晚期A峰值与正常对照组对比无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但E/A值比较有显著差异,高血压组值明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:升主动脉前壁各节段运动速度是有规律性的,主动脉根部运动速度最高,瓣环处次之,远端最低.高血压患者的升主动脉弹性功能降低.通过心尖长轴切面应用定量组织多普勒方法测量主动脉壁运动速度具有简单、直接、干扰因素相对较少、可操作性强的优点.     

脉冲组织多普勒测量二尖瓣环下行速度评价左室收缩功能

目的：用组织多普勒技术测量二尖瓣环下行速度评价收缩功能。方法：分别在心尖四腔切面和二腔切面上测量收缩期二尖瓣环间隔处（ＮＡＶ－Ｓ）、侧壁处（ＭＡＶ－Ｌ）、前壁处（ＭＡＶ－Ａ）、后壁处（ＭＡＶ－Ｐ）的各点处的速度值并计算各点均值。结果：①心肌梗死患者各点的速度及均值均较正常对照组明显下降，且发现不同部位的心肌梗死其二尖瓣环各点速度下降程度不同。②将全部受检者的ＭＡＶ－Ｍ与２ＤＥ所测得的ＥＦ进行相关分     

多普勒组织成像定量分析155例冠心病左心室局部收缩和舒张功能

目的 应用多普勒组织成像（ＤＴＩ）技术定量定位分析生理和病理（心肌缺血）状态下左心室局部收缩和舒张功能。方法 研究对象为１５５例确诊冠心病的患者（冠心病组）和４１例年龄匹配的正常人（对照组）。采用心尖四腔、心尖二腔和心尖长轴切面,每个室壁又选择两个取样点分别位于该室壁的基底部和中部,分别显示左心室６个室壁１２个节段运动的情况。ＤＴＩ测量参数包括收缩功能指标：心肌收缩峰值速度（Ｖｓ）和ＶＥ与舒张晚期峰值速度（ＶＡ）的比值（ＶＥ／ＶＡ）。结果 与对照组相比,冠心病组ＤＴＩ可敏感地定量显示出收缩和舒张峰值速度显著下降以及峰值时间的显著延长;前壁心肌梗死时可见病变区多个节段多项ＤＴＩ收缩和舒张功能参数异常,ＤＴＩ收缩与舒张速度指标之间、收缩速度与左室射血分数之间以及舒张功能参数ＶＥ／ＶＡ均值与二尖瓣血流频谱Ｅ／Ａ比值之     

定量组织速度成像评价原发性肺动脉高压右心室长轴功能的临床研究

目的探讨应用定量组织速度成像（QTVI）技术评价原发性肺动脉高压（PPH）患者右心室长轴舒缩功能的价值。方法获取16例PPH患者与15例正常人的标准心尖四腔切面TVI图像，应用QTVI技术离线分析右心室游离壁三尖瓣环处组织速度曲线，测量收缩期峰值运动速度（Vs）、舒张早期峰值运动速度（Ve）和舒张晚期峰值运动速度（Va），计算Ve与Va比值（Ve／Va）。应用二维超声心动图测量室间隔厚度（IVS）、右心室前壁厚度（RVAw）、右心室收缩末期容积（RVESV）和右心室舒张末期容积（RVEDV）。结果与正常人相比，PPH患者Vs、Ve、Va和Ve／Va显著降低，IVS、RVAW、RVESV和RVEDV显著增加。结论PPH患者右心室发生代偿性重构，而其右心室长轴舒缩功能显著受损。     

左室舒张功能评估中二尖瓣环不同位点对组织多普勒成像波形指标的影响

目的 了解二尖瓣环的不同位点对多普勒组织成像（DTI）测量结果及衍生指标评价左室舒张功能的影响。方法182例接受常规超声心动图检查患者,于心尖四腔切面测量二尖瓣口舒张期血流频谱,于心尖二腔、三腔及四腔切面分别测量二尖瓣环室间隔、前间隔、左室侧壁、后壁、前壁及下壁6个位点的DTI舒张期波形,计算二尖瓣口血流舒张早期E峰和舒张晚期A峰的比值（MV—E／A）、二尖瓣环舒张早期e波和舒张晚期a波的比值（e／a—ann）及E峰和二尖瓣环e波平均值的比值（E／e—ann—mean）。接同步心电图。结果根据二尖瓣口血流波形E／A不同,将182例患者分成2组,A组76例：MV—E／A≥1．0,B组106例：MV—E／A〈1．0;A组中同时有4个位点e／a≥1．0的患者多于B组,而B组二尖瓣环6个位点e／a均〈1．0的患者多于A组（P〈0．05）;即使同一组内,任意两位点之间的E／e多有不同或差异显著,测值相近的位点在两组中均约占14．29％,其中A组中仅有后壁、下壁的E／e与E／e—ann—mean相近的位点,而B组中则没有与E／e—ann—mean相近的位点。结论临床应用E／e—ann与MV—E／A评估左心室舒张功能时,需注意二尖瓣环位点的不同对测量结果的影响,而取二尖瓣环6个位点e波的平均值,有助于减少此类指标在评价左室舒张功能中的偏差。     

组织多普勒显像评价高血压患者右室舒张功能的临床研究

目的应用组织多普勒评价原发性高血压患者右室舒张功能。方法依据Gannu分类方法将90例原发性高血压分为四组：Ⅰ组为正常左室构型组（30例）,Ⅱ组为向心性构型组（18例）,Ⅲ组为向心性肥厚组（22例）,Ⅳ组为离心性肥厚组（20例）。选取同期健康志愿者50例作为对照组。应用组织多普勒技术测量三尖瓣隔叶及前叶瓣环处的舒张早期运动速度（Em）、舒张晚期运动速度（Am）及Em／Am比值,同时记录舒张期三尖瓣口的血流频谱,测量心室充盈早期峰值E峰和心房收缩期峰值A峰,计算E／A比值,并对两种检测方法和各组测值进行比较。结果原发性高血压各组三尖瓣瓣环运动速度频谱Era／Am均〈1;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组等容舒张期时间（1VRT）较Ⅰ组及对照组明显延长（P〈0．01）,且Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组问呈递增趋势;高血压Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组三尖瓣血流频谱均E／A〈1,而Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及正常组三尖瓣血流频谱均E／A〉1。结论与脉冲多普勒相比,组织多普勒显像可早期发现原发性高血压导致的右室舒张功能受损,且不同的左室构型右室舒张功能减退的程度有所差别。     

组织多普勒显像技术评价初发心肌梗死患者左室功能

目的探讨组织多普勒显像（DTI）技术在评价初发心肌梗死患者左室功能中的应用价值。方法常规超声心动图检查显示左室收缩及舒张功能正常的初发心肌梗死患者18例及与其年龄匹配的健康对照者15例入选本研究。应用DTI技术二尖瓣环平均运动速度指标评价两组对象的左室功能。同时计算二尖瓣血流舒张早期峰值速度与二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度的比值（E／Em）,以评估左室平均充盈压。结果心肌梗死患者组二尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度（Sm）、舒张早期速度（Em）及晚期峰值速度（Am）均明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;心肌梗死组E／Em比值明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论DTI技术可以较常规超声心动图更加敏感地检测出初发心肌梗死患者的左室功能异常。     

Assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by Doppler tissue imaging in patients with preinfarction angina.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function by pulsed wave Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) in patients with or without preinfarction angina in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 31 consecutive patients (4 women, 27 men; age 58 +/- 10 years) with a first acute myocardial infarction. LV systolic and diastolic function was assessed by classic methods and DTI on the third day during acute myocardial infarction. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence (group 1; n = 10) or absence (group 2; n = 21) of preinfarction angina. Mitral inflow velocities and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em), late diastolic mitral annular velocity (Am), peak systolic mitral annular velocity, Em/Am, the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E) to Em, and myocardial performance index were calculated by DTI. RESULTS: Group 1 had significantly higher Em and Em/Am than group 2 (11.3 +/- 3.34 cm/s vs 7.4 +/- 2.07 cm/s, P <.0001; 1.01 +/- 0.38 cm/s vs 0.6 +/- 0.2 cm/s, P =.001, respectively). The E/Em ratio and myocardial performance index were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (5.1 +/- 2.92 vs 8.10 +/- 3.15, P=.018; 0.49 +/- 0.15 vs 0.65 +/- 0.24, P =.042, respectively). Wall-motion score index was lower in those with preinfarction angina than in those without (1.6 +/- 0.36 vs 1.9 +/- 0.39; P =.04, respectively). Peak systolic mitral annular velocity and Am were not statistically different between groups (9.4 +/- 1.84 vs 8.3 +/- 2.03, P =.172; 11.7 +/- 3.07 vs 12.1 +/- 3.34, P =.72, respectively). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding transmitral E velocity, atrial contraction mitral inflow velocity (A), E/A ratio, isovolumetric relaxation time, and deceleration time of the mitral E wave (P =.91, P =.08, P =.58, P =.81, and P =.71, respectively). CONCLUSION: LV diastolic function was better in patients with preinfarction angina than in patients without. This condition could not be detected by conventional mitral inflow Doppler velocities, but could be detected by DTI. This preliminary evidence shows that DTI is better than conventional mitral Doppler indices in the assessment of a favorable LV diastolic function in patients with preinfarction angina.     

组织多普勒成像评价急性心肌梗死患者自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗后左室舒张功能

目的应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术评价心肌干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死对左室舒张功能的影响。方法自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死患者共26例,随访3个月,治疗前、后用TDI技术分别测量左室二尖瓣环水平的收缩期峰值速度(Sm),舒张早期峰值速度(Em),舒张晚期峰值速度(Am)及Em/Am,并与血流多普勒指标E峰速度(E),A峰速度(A)、E/A及E峰减速时间(EDT)进行比较,评价自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死对左室舒张功能的影响。结果治疗后EDT较治疗前降低(P<0.05),治疗后Em及Em/Am较治疗前升高(P<0.05),治疗后E、A、E/A、Sm、Am较治疗前比较差异无统计学意义。结论自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死后,左室舒张功能明显改善,TDI技术在评价左室舒张功能方面较二尖瓣血流频谱更准确、敏感。     

组织多普勒测量二尖瓣环下行速度评价左室收缩功能

目的：用组织多普勒显像技术测量二尖瓣环下行速度评价左室收缩功能。方法：该研究对５０例正常人和进行门控心血池造影后３小时的３０例心肌梗塞患者的收缩期二尖瓣环下行速度进行测量,分别在心尖四腔切面和二腔切面上测量二尖瓣环间隔处（ＭＡＶ－Ｓ）、侧壁处（ＭＡＶ－Ｌ）、前壁处（ＭＡＶ－Ａ）、后壁处（ＭＡＶ－Ｐ）的各点处的速度值,并计算各点均值（ＭＡＶ－Ｍ）。结果：１．心梗患者各点的速度及均值均较正常对照组明显下降,且发现不同部位心梗,其二尖瓣环各点速度下降程度不同;２．将全部受检者的ＭＡＶ－Ｍ与２ＤＥ所测得的ＥＦ进行相关分析,也存在明显相关,相关系数０．８９（Ｐ＜０．００１）。此外,将３０例心梗患者的ＭＡＶ－Ｍ与核素测得的ＥＦ进行相关分析,也存在明显相关,相关系数０．８７（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：测量二尖瓣环下行速度可作为一个评价左室收缩功能的新指标。     

Effects of first myocardial infarction on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function with the use of mitral annular velocity determined by pulsed wave doppler tissue imaging.

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of a first myocardial infarction (MI) on the systolic and diastolic velocity profiles of the mitral annulus determined by pulsed wave Doppler tissue imaging and thereby evaluate left ventricular (LV) function after MI. Seventy-eight patients with a first MI were examined before discharge. Peak systolic, peak early diastolic, and peak late diastolic velocities were recorded at 4 different sites on the mitral annulus corresponding to the septum, anterior, lateral, and inferior sites of the left ventricle. In addition, the amplitude of mitral annular motion at the 4 above LV sites, the ejection fraction, and conventional Doppler diastolic parameters were recorded. Nineteen age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Compared with healthy subjects, the MI patients had a significantly reduced peak systolic velocity at the mitral annulus, especially at the infarction sites. A relatively good linear correlation was found between the ejection fraction and the mean systolic velocity from the 4 LV sites (r = 0.74, P <.001). The correlation was also good when the mean peak systolic mitral annular velocity was tested against the magnitude of the mean mitral annular motion (r = 0.77, P <.001). When the patients were divided into 2 different groups with respect to an ejection fraction > or =0.50 or <0.50, a cutoff point of mean systolic mitral annular velocity of > or =7.5 cm/s had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 88% in predicting a preserved global LV systolic function. Similar to systolic velocities, the early diastolic velocity was also reduced, especially at the infarction sites. The peak mitral annular early diastolic velocity correlated well with both LV ejection fraction (r =.66, P <.001) and mean systolic mitral annular motion (r = 0.68, P <.001). However, no correlation existed between the early diastolic velocity and conventional diastolic Doppler parameters. The reduced peak systolic mitral annular velocity seems to be an expression of regionally reduced systolic function. The peak early diastolic velocity is also reduced, especially at the infarction sites, and reflects regional diastolic dysfunction. Thus, quantification of myocardial velocity by Doppler tissue imaging opens up a new possibility of assessing LV function along its long axis.     

健康人左室舒张功能与年龄及心率变化关系的研究

目的应用多普勒超声心动图在健康人群中观察左室舒张功能随年龄及心率变化的趋势,探讨生理性舒张功能减退的影响因素。方法对北京市社区30岁以上431名健康居民进行超声心动图检查,分别测定二尖瓣血流频谱、肺静脉血流频谱、二尖瓣环组织多普勒速度频谱。结果随年龄增长,Epeak、PVD及Em均减慢,而Apeak、Am及Ar加快,E／A比值、Em／Am比值均下降;EDT、DAr及IVRT均延长。随心率加快,Am增快,E／A比值下降,Em／Am比值下降。结论Epeak、Apeak、E／A比值、Em、Am及Em／Am比值等舒张功能参数与增龄关系密切,其不仅可作为评定左室舒张功能的依据,也可作为一种衰老指标,或综合衰老指标的一种要素。评定左室舒张功能时,除年龄外,心率也是不容忽视的一个重要的影响因素。     

多普勒组织成像评价陈旧性前间壁心肌梗死患者的左室收缩功能

目的采用多普勒组织成像技术(TDE)测量二尖瓣环收缩期下行速度,评价陈旧性前间壁心肌梗死患者的左室收缩功能。方法对30例正常人和38例陈旧性前间壁心肌梗死患者的二尖瓣环收缩期下行速度(MAV)进行测量,取样容积分别置于心尖四腔心切面及两腔心切面上的二尖瓣环间隔、侧壁、前壁和下壁处,并计算各点均值。结果陈旧性心肌梗死患者各点的收缩期下行速度均较正常对照组下降(P<0.01),以前壁、间壁处为明显。其二尖瓣环下行速度的均值(MAV-m)与Simpson方法测量的左室射血分数EF值有良好的相关性,相关系数为0.91(P<0.01)。结论采用多普勒组织成像技术测量二尖瓣环收缩期下行速度,可作为评价陈旧性心肌梗死患者的左室收缩功能的新指标。     

组织多普勒联合左心房容积指数评价食管癌患者放疗后早期心脏损伤

目的 探讨左心房容积指数(LAVI)联合组织多普勒评价食管癌患者放疗后左心功能早期损伤的价值。方法 对40例首次接受胸部放疗的食管癌患者,于放疗前、放疗后进行超声心动图检查,记录常规超声参数、组织多普勒参数及LAVI,并进行统计学分析,分析LAVI与舒张早期二尖瓣血流速度(E)/二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Em)的相关性。结果 与放疗前相比,常规超声指标放疗前后无明显变化(P均>0.05);放疗后二尖瓣环舒张期峰值速度(Sm)、Em、Em/二尖瓣环舒张晚期峰值速度(Am)降低,Am和E/Em升高,LAVI放疗后亦升高,且LAVI与E/Em呈正相关(r=0.87,P<0.001)。结论 食管癌患者接受放疗后,早期放射性心脏损伤主要表现为心脏舒张功能减退,组织多普勒、E/Em、LAVI可作为早期左心功能损伤的较好指标。     

Myocardial longitudinal motion by tissue velocity imaging in the evaluation of patients with myocardial infarction.

Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal shortening plays an important role in cardiac contraction and is invariably affected by the presence of coronary artery disease. Third-generation tissue velocity imaging (TVI) color-maps cardiac movement by obtaining mean velocities of LV segments from the same set of beats. The goals of this study were to characterize patterns of longitudinal myocardial motion velocity in healthy subjects and to use these patterns to evaluate abnormal segments of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Included were 20 healthy subjects and 16 patients with MI who underwent a 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography study. Myocardial velocity profiles were taken at the anulus, basal, mid, and apical segments of the septal and lateral walls in the apical view. Segmental velocity patterns from healthy subjects were compared with abnormal segments in patients with MI. Both lateral and septal walls of healthy subjects showed significant basal-apical myocardial velocity reductions in systolic shortening (Sm) and early and late diastolic lengthening (Em and Am) and a basal-apical increase in the Em/Am ratio. The lateral wall had greater Sm and Em velocities than the septal wall. The Sm and Em velocities and the Em/Am ratio were significantly reduced in the abnormal segments in patients with MI. Latent lateral wall ischemia may have been detected in 5 of 9 patients with septal infarction, showing reduced Sm velocity in apparently normal lateral walls. In conclusion, TVI objectively quantifies directional and incremental changes in myocardial movement that are useful in evaluating global and regional myocardial function, and it may play a role in the detection of early myocardial ischemia.     

应用多普勒组织成像记录二尖瓣环运动速度评价心肌梗塞后

目的　探讨多普勒组织成像 (DTI)记录二尖瓣环运动速度评价心肌梗塞后左室收缩功能和舒张功能的价值。方法　急性心肌梗塞 3 8例 ,年龄匹配的健康者 2 0例 ,于心尖位四腔观、心尖位二腔观二尖瓣环相对应的室间隔、左室前壁、侧壁和后壁记录收缩期峰值速度 (VS)、舒张早期峰值速度 (VE)、舒张晚期峰值速度 (VL)。结果　二尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度、舒张早期峰值速度均降低。结论　多普勒组织成像测定二尖瓣环运动速度开辟了评价心肌梗塞后左室收缩功能和舒张功能的新途径。