几种合成菊酯对美洲大蠊的药效观察

用实验室饲养的美洲大蠊,测定其对几种合成菊酯及DDVP、三氯杀虫酯的敏感性;并运用机值分祈法,分别计算KT_(50)、KT_(95)、回归方程及95%可信限,还观察了上述杀虫剂对试虫的驱赶作用。对测试结果作了简要讨论。     

The Actions of NSAIDs

The ability of aspirin and related drugs to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis accounts for many effects of NSAIDs but does not completely explain their efficacy against inflammation. An additional mechanism may be disruption of the intracellular signal pathways responsible for activation of inflammatory cells—notably, neutrophils.     

The Non-Genomic Actions of Vitamin D

Since its discovery in 1920, a great deal of effort has gone into investigating the physiological actions of vitamin D and the impact its deficiency has on human health. Despite this intense interest, there is still disagreement on what constitutes the lower boundary of adequacy and on the Recommended Dietary Allowance. There has also been a major push to elucidate the biochemistry of vitamin D, its metabolic pathways and the mechanisms that mediate its action. Originally thought to act by altering the expression of target genes, it was realized in the mid-1980s that some of the actions of vitamin D were too rapid to be accounted for by changes at the genomic level. These rapid non-genomic actions have attracted as much interest as the genomic actions and they have spawned additional questions in an already busy field. This mini-review attempts to summarise the in vitro and in vivo work that has been conducted to characterise the rapid non-genomic actions, the mechanisms that give rise to these properties and the roles that these play in the overall action of vitamin D at the cellular level. Understanding the effects of vitamin D at the cellular level should enable the design of elegant human studies to extract the full potential of vitamin D to benefit human health.     

The Acute Toxic Effects of Black Smoke

Few experiments have been conducted on the toxicity of solid carbonaceous combustion products. In order to obtain an estimate of the toxicity of black smoke which could be compared with similar estimates for other pollutants, the median dosage to death, (Ct)D 50, has been determined for smoke from burning tetrahydronaphthalene administered to guinea-pigs and mice. Values ranging from 147,000 mg. min./m.³ to 351,000 mg. min./m.³ were obtained at concentrations between 714 mg./m.³ and 1,140 mg./m.³. Animals allowed to associated protected one another to some extent, probably owing to their fur acting as a filter.

In mice the cause of death appears to be blockage of the air passages; deaths after removal from the smoke are unusual. In guinea-pigs haemorrhagic lesions are caused, and delayed deaths are commoner.

The action of smoke on rats resembles its action on mice.

It is pointed out that tetralin smoke is considerably more toxic to animals than is sulphur dioxide in the same concentration. This finding is discussed in relation to atmospheric pollution.

     

我国蚊类抗药性发展动向

本文论述30多年来我国蚊类对有机氯抗性、有机磷酯剂抗性和拟除虫菊酯抗性三个阶段的发展历史。BHC在停用后抗性已明显下降,有机磷酯剂抗性在70年代虽曾发展广泛,但目前已处于停滞状态,拟除虫菊酯抗性则正在发展。作者提出BHC和敌百虫仍可适当应用的观点,并提出对kdr因子应予充分注意。     

对PCO工作中药物管理的思考

孝感市位于湖北省北部,由市爱委会组织开展有害生物防治(以下简称PCO)工作已经有40多年了,本地有害生物密度监测报告显示,近十年已经达到省爱委会提出的标准,相关传染病发生率也降至一个很低的水平.经过几代人的艰苦努力,我市PCO工作取得了显著的成效.但是,近年孝感市周边不断发生的毒鼠强投毒、中毒事件,给我们提出了新的课题,迫使我们对PCO药物的管理问题进行研究和思考.     

Dietary Intake of Toxic Heavy Metals with Major Groups of Food Products—Results of Analytical Determinations

Food contains a complex matrix of various substances, including essential nutrients, non-nutritive substances, and toxins, including metals. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the contribution of major groups of food products to an overall intake of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni) using a combination of the 24-dietary recall technique, the ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) method, and chemometric tools. The obtained results reveal that there is a high potential risk of developing nephrotoxicity through the dietary intake of Pb in the case of both genders. The dietary intake determined for other elements (Cd, Hg, and Ni) was far below the limits established by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) supported analytical determinations and revealed that cereals and vegetables were major contributors to a total intake of Cd (39.6 and 17.4% of the total exposure, respectively), Ni (40.4 and 19.3%), and Hg (16.8 and 19.6%), while water and beverages were major dietary sources of Pb (31% of the total daily intake). In contrast, eggs, fats and oils, and milk and dairy products provided the smallest amounts of Cd, Pb, and Ni. Despite containing high amounts of Hg, considering very low consumption, fish were not found to be an important source of this element.     

氨基甲酸酯类卫生杀虫剂的应用

1 简述 氨基甲酸酯类卫生杀虫剂自20世纪50年代问世以来,在短短的二十几年就发展成为与有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂并驾齐驱的三大类农药之一。这对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性以及轮换、交替使用起了重要的作用。 这类化合物对昆虫多数都具有触杀和胃毒作用,有的还兼有熏蒸和内吸作用,他们速效性好,选择性强,残留低,残效期长。 与有机磷杀虫剂一样,它的作用机理是抑制胆碱酯酶的活性,使昆虫不能分解乙酰胆碱,使昆虫的     

三氯乙烯亚急性毒作用研究

[目的]探讨静式吸入三氯乙烯(TCE)对SD清洁级雄性大鼠的亚急性毒作用。[方法]将TCE分4个浓度组0 (对照组)、1、5、10g/m3 ,每组2 5只,SD雄性大鼠,对其进行静式吸入染毒,2h/d ,5d/周,连续4周,染毒结束后,再继续饲养1周。于每星期三染毒后每组各随机抽取5只大鼠,收集2 4h尿液,分析其三氯乙酸(TCA)含量作为TCE接触指标,并做尿常规;尿液收集完后采血检测生化指标,同时进行大鼠肝、肾、肺等脏器的病理检查。[结果]各剂量组大鼠4周内均无死亡,体重增长无显著性差异;第3周中、高剂量组和第4、5周高剂量组的肝脏脏器系数变大,与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 ) ;第5周高剂量组肾脏脏器系数变大,与对照组相比,其差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 )。血液生化功能检测未见异常;病理组织学检查发现:染毒组与对照组相比,1～4周肺、肝、肾各脏器病变差异无显著性,第5周高剂量组肺部炎浸(支气管炎)及肾小管内蛋白管型明显增多;1～5周对照组大鼠尿液中均未检测到TCA ;第1、3、4周的中、高剂量组和第2周高剂量组尿中TCA含量增加,和低剂量组相比,差异均有显著性(P <0 .0 5 ) ;同时也发现,1～4周各剂量组大鼠尿中TCA含量随着TCE染毒用量的增加而增加,有一定的线性趋势,各剂量组脱离接触TCE 1周后尿中皆未检测到TCA ;在染毒4周     

杀虫剂创制进展

杀虫剂的作用机理,主要分为神经作用、呼吸作用、昆虫生长调节作用三大类。其中与神经系统有关的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类,及钠通道抑制剂拟除虫菊酯类已成为杀虫剂市场的三大支柱。近年来由于对环境与毒性问题的要求越来越高,以及昆虫对常规杀虫剂显示了很强的抗性,在高效、低毒、环境相容性好的前提下,开发具有新作用方式的杀虫剂亦即寻找新的作用靶标成了新农药开发的永恒主题。     

γ辐射对小鼠血清环核苷酸昼夜节律的毒效应

目的 探讨γ辐射对实验小鼠血清中cAMP和cGMP含量及其比值的昼夜节 律的影响。方法 实验小鼠光照适应2周后,用0．5Gy和3．0Gy在8：00时和20：00时照射,照后24h分别测定一天中6小时点小鼠血清中cAMP、cGMP和cAMP/cGMP比值的含量。结果 对照组小鼠血清中cAMP、cGMP和cAMP/cGMP比值的节律峰值分别位于一天中的12：56时、19：58时和12：04时。0．5Gy辐射后,cAMP和cGMP含量升高,3．0Gy辐照时,则cAMP含量升高,cGMP含量降低,但cAMP/cGMP比值照后均增大。不同时间照射结果也不同,8：00时照射cAMP和cAMP/cGMP比值节律仍在,但峰值提前;20：00时照射节律消失,峰值相延迟或提前。结论 辐照对cAMP和cGMP昼夜节律的影响有着明显的剂时间效应关系,这为辐射损伤采用时间性防护这一新的预防新途径提供初步依据。