visfatin对体外脂肪细胞胰岛素受体底物和PI3K表达的影响

目的：从胰岛素经典信号传导通路磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶（PI3K）角度探讨内脏脂肪素（visfatin）与2型糖尿病（T2DM）胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法：复苏、传代和诱导分化人源T2DM前脂肪细胞,构建 visfatin过表达载体,进行载体转化、培养和提取;以4个不同表达梯度（0.0、1.0、2.5和5.0 μg）转染传代脂肪细胞,以0.0 μg组为对照组,其余3组为观察组;Q-PCR法检测visfatin 、胰岛素受体底物1（IRS-1）、胰岛素受体底物2（IRS-2）和 PI3K（P85α） mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测visfatin、IRS-1、IRS-2和PI3K（P85α） 蛋白表达水平及IRS-1和IRS-2酪氨酸磷酸化水平,[³H]-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖摄取法测定细胞葡萄糖摄取率的变化。结果：各组 visfatin mRNA及蛋白表达水平随转染浓度梯度升高而升高（P<0.01）,所构建visfatin过表达载体有效。随visfatin表达增加,各组IRS-1和PI3K（P85α） mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及IRS-1磷酸化程度均明显升高（P< 0.01）,但IRS-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平未出现明显变化（P>0.05）。脂肪细胞的葡萄糖摄取率随visfatin表达增加而升高（P<0.05）。结论：体外脂肪细胞visfatin过表达可增加IRS-1和PI3K的表达水平。     

GDM孕妇网膜脂肪组织中Chemerin的表达与IRS-1及其酪氨酸磷酸化分析

目的通过检测网膜脂肪组织中Chemerin的表达与胰岛素受体底物-1表达及酪氨酸磷酸化水平,探讨Chemerin与GDM胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法将研究对象分为GDM组及正常对照组NGT各22名,剖宫产术中收集网膜脂肪组织2g,Western blot及qPCR方法检测胎盘组织中Chemerin、IRS-1的表达及免疫沉淀法检测IRS-1的酪氨酸磷酸化水平。结果 GDM组网膜脂肪组织中Chemerin蛋白质表达显著增加[2.99 (0.04,7.90)vs 2.21(0.02,13.30),P=0.010];GDM组IRS-1[3.52(2.51,4.49)vs 5.47(4.04,8.98),P=0.024]蛋白表达明显降低;GDM组IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化[0.60(0.01,1.74) vs 4.06(0.06,54.41),P=0.012]显著降低;相关性分析发现Chemerin蛋白表达与OGTT2h血糖密切相关;Chemerin mRNA与产前BMI密切相关;Chemerin蛋白表达与IRS-1蛋白正相关;IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化水平与OGTT 0 h PG、OGTT 2 h PG密...     

Visfatin对SW872脂肪细胞胰岛素信号分子蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察visfatin对胰岛素抵抗状态下的SW872成熟脂肪细胞胰岛素信号分子胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)、胰岛素受体底物-2(IRS-2)和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)蛋白表达的影响。方法:体外培养SW872前脂肪细胞,诱导细胞分化成熟,建立胰岛素抵抗模型,用含有100nmol/L visfatin的无血清培养液孵育1h后收获细胞,采用Western印迹法检测visfatin刺激前后信号分子IRS-1、IRS-2和PI3K的蛋白表达水平。结果:在正常状态下(正常组内比较),visfatin促进脂肪细胞IRS-1、IRS-2和PI3K的蛋白表达,分别增加了51.65%(P<0.01)、44.74%(P<0.01)和61.38%(P<0.01)。在胰岛素抵抗状态下,visfatin刺激组的IRS-1、IRS-2和PI3K的蛋白表达水平,分别比基础状态组增加了26.98%(P<0.05)、35.59%(P<0.05)、27.61%(P<0.01)。结论:在胰岛素抵抗状态下,visfatin通过调节脂肪细胞胰岛素信号分子IRS-1、IRS-2和PI3K蛋白表达而发挥促进葡萄糖转运、改善胰岛素抵抗的生物学作用。     

Retn基因表达对3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取的影响及其机制探讨

目的:观察Resistin蛋白对3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取的影响并探讨其引发胰岛素抗性的可能机制.方法:(1)采用放射免疫测定法检测低、正常及高表达Retn基因的3T3-L1脂肪细胞在基础状态及胰岛素刺激下的葡萄糖摄取水平.(2)采用RT-PCR和实时荧光定量RT-PCR法测定低、正常和高表达Retn基因的3T3-L1脂肪细胞中几种葡萄糖转运信号蛋白,包括胰岛素受体底物1(IRS-1)、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI-3K)、丝/苏氨酸激酶2(AKT-2)、葡萄糖转运子4(GLUT-4)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38(p38MAPK)及糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK-3β)的表达.结果:(1)在基础状态及胰岛素刺激下,3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取随Retn基因表达的升高而降低.(2)PI-3K和AKT-2两个信号蛋白mRNA的表达随着细胞内Retn基因表达水平的升高而降低;GSK-3β和p38MAPK两个信号蛋白mRNA的表达随着细胞内Retn基因表达水平的升高而升高.结论:(1)Resistin蛋白可以导致脂肪细胞产生胰岛素抗性,其机制可能与胰岛素信号通路中的PI-3K和Ras通路中一些信号蛋白表达的变化有关.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者肌肉组织中胰岛素信号转导和GLUT-4表达的变化

目的研究妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)孕妇肌肉组织中胰岛素信号通路及葡萄糖转运蛋白表达的变化,探讨其在GDM发病过程中的作用。方法将40例孕妇分为糖耐量正常(NGT)组和GDM组,每组20例,分离少量腹直肌,分别置于含和不含胰岛素的培养液中温育30 min。用Real-time PCR法检测胰岛素受体底物1(insu-lin receptor substrate 1,IRS-1)、胰岛素受体底物2(IRS-2)、葡萄糖转运蛋白2(glucose transporter 2,GLUT-2)、葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT-4)mRNA的表达,Western blot检测蛋白激酶B(Akt)的磷酸化程度、GLUT-4蛋白水平的变化。结果①基础状态时,GDM组IRS-1、IRS-2和GLUT-2 mRNA表达较NGT组降低(P<0.05);GLUT-4 mRNA表达2组无统计学差异(P>0.05);经胰岛素刺激后,NGT组中GLUT-4 mRNA较基础状态升高(P<0.05),而GDM组则无明显变化(P>0.05)。②NGT组经胰岛素刺激后,Akt蛋白的磷酸化程度明显增高(P<0.05),GDM组无明显变化(P>0.05);基础状态时,GDM组与NGT组相比,GLUT-4蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05);经胰岛素刺激后,GLUT-4蛋白的表达水平均增高,NGT组增加的幅度明显高于GDM组(P<0.05)。结论 GDM患者胰岛素信号通路中的关键效应分子存在转录或翻译水平的缺陷,对胰岛素的反应降低,导致胰岛素抵抗。     

小檗碱抑制IKKβ Ser 181磷酸化改善高糖诱导的3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗的分子机制

目的 研究小檗碱对高糖诱导的3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗的作用,探讨小檗碱改善胰岛素抵抗的分子机制.方法 以25 mmol/L葡萄糖加0.6 nmol/L胰岛素诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞产生胰岛素抵抗,予以小檗碱进行干预,同时以阿司匹林作为阳性对照,以2-脱氧-[3H]-D-葡萄糖摄人法观察葡萄糖的转运率,用Western blotting 检测IKKβ蛋白,IKKβSer 181磷酸化,IRS-1蛋白,IRS-1 Ser 307磷酸化,PI-3K p85蛋白,GLUT4蛋白的表达.结果 25 mmol/L葡萄糖加0.6 nmol/L胰岛素作用18 h使3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运抑制60%,IKKβ Ser 181磷酸化、IRS-1 Ser 307磷酸化的表达增加,IRS-1和PI-3K p85蛋白的表达减少;同时加入小檗碱或阿司匹林则可逆转上述效应.但高糖、小檗碱、阿司匹林对3T3-L1脂肪细胞IKKl3蛋白、GLUT4蛋白的表达无明显影响.结论 小檗碱可以明显改善高糖诱导的胰岛素抵抗,其分子机制可能是小檗碱通过抑制IKKβ Ser 181磷酸化,使IRS-1丝氨酸残基磷酸化减少而酪氨酸残基磷酸化增加,调节胰岛素信号蛋白的表达来实现的.     

氯沙坦改善3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗的机制研究

目的探讨氯沙坦改善3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗的主要作用机制。方法以地塞米松诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞,建立胰岛素抵抗细胞模型,根据细胞模型添加干预药物的不同分为模型对照组（不添加任何药物）、氯沙坦组（分别给予1、10、100μmol/L氯沙坦干预48 h）和wortmannin＋氯沙坦组,wortmannin＋氯沙坦组以100 nmol/L的磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）特异性抑制剂wortmannin预处理20 min后再加入100μmol/L氯沙坦干预48 h。观察脂肪细胞体积的变化,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测细胞培养上清液中葡萄糖的浓度,采用Western blotting分析脂肪细胞中PI3K和胰岛素受体底物1（IRS-1）的表达以及IRS-1丝氨酸磷酸化水平。结果与模型对照组比较,氯沙坦组脂肪细胞体积明显缩小（P〈0.01）,细胞培养上清液中葡萄糖的浓度显著降低（P〈0.01）,PI3K和IRS-1表达明显上升（P〈0.01）,IRS-1丝氨酸磷酸化水平显著下降（P〈0.01）但可被wortmannin阻断。结论氯沙坦可使3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的细胞体积缩小,并增加细胞对葡萄糖的利用,其机制可能与PI3K信号通路有关。     

基于IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4通路探讨二苯乙烯类化合物改善胰岛素抵抗作用机制

[目的] 探讨3种中药（虎杖、桑白皮、何首乌）来源的二苯乙烯类化合物改善胰岛素抵抗（IR）的作用机制。[方法] 利用肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）作用于3T3-L1脂肪细胞96 h建立IR细胞模型;采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测二苯乙烯类化合物白藜芦醇（RES）、虎杖苷（PD）、桑皮苷A（Mul A）、2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡糖糖苷（THSG）对脂肪细胞生存率的影响;葡萄糖氧化酶法检测细胞培养基上清液中葡萄糖含量;采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western Blot）法检测胰岛素受体底物-1（IRS-1）、磷酸化IRS-1（p-IRS-1）、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（PI3K）、磷酸化PI3K（p-PI3K）、蛋白激酶B（AKT）、磷酸化AKT（p-AKT）、葡萄糖转运体4（GLUT4）的蛋白表达水平;采用实时定量荧光聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测GLUT4 mRNA表达水平。[结果] 与空白对照组相比,模型组的葡萄糖消耗量显著下降,模型组的p-IRS-1（Ser307）蛋白表达显著增加,p-PI3K、p-AKT（Ser473）、GLUT4蛋白表达显著下降,模型组GLUT4 mRNA表达显著降低;与模型组相比,RES、Mul A、THSG组的葡萄糖消耗量显著增加,PD组的葡萄糖消耗量无明显变化,Mul A、THSG组均能显著逆转p-IRS-1（Ser307）、p-PI3K、p-AKT（Ser473）、GLUT4的蛋白表达,RES仅能够逆转p-IRS-1（Ser307）、GLUT4的蛋白表达;与模型组相比,THSG组GLUT4 mRNA表达显著增加。[结论] Mul A、THSG能够通过IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4信号通路改善脂肪细胞IR,而RES则通过激活IRS-1和GLUT4,但不通过PI3K/AKT途径发挥改善脂肪细胞IR的作用。PD无降糖活性。     

TNFα对体外培养的人脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取和IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化的影响

[目的]探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)对体外培养的人脂肪细胞胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取和胰岛素受体底物1(IRS-1)酪氨酸磷酸化的影响,为多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的胰岛素抵抗(IR)病因学研究提供新的实验依据.[方法]脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取的测定采用3H标脱氧右旋葡萄糖(2-[3H]DG)吸收法,IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化的检测采用免疫沉淀、Western印迹和增强化学发光蛋白免疫印迹法及图像分析.[结果]①胰岛素(100nmol/L)作用下,TNF α刺激浓度分别为0、5 ng/mL、10 ng/mL、20 ng/mL时,脂肪细胞2-[3H]DG的摄取分别为(652±203)U,(609±172)U,(511±135)U和(404±168)U,当TNFα刺激浓度达20 ng/mL时,脂肪细胞对葡萄糖摄取的降低有显著性差异(P＜0.05).②胰岛素(100nmol/L)刺激下IRS-1的酪氨酸磷酸化在TNFα(5 ng/mL)作用时(74.50%±16.86%)较无TNFα作用(94.00%±14.70%)有所降低,但无显著性差异;当TNFα刺激浓度分别为10 ng/mL(31.16%±10.44%)和20 ng/mL(27.33%±9.63%)时,胰岛素(100nmol/L)刺激后IRS-1的酪氨酸磷酸化明显降低(P＜0.001).[结论]①TNFα刺激浓度的升高可抑制体外培养的人脂肪细胞胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取.②TNFα可抑制体外培养的人脂肪细胞胰岛素刺激的IRS-1的酪氨酸磷酸化,并存在一定的量效关系,可能阻碍了胰岛素的受体后信号传导并与IR有关.     

辛开苦降方对初发2型糖尿病KKay小鼠肝脏IRS-2/PI3K通路的影响

目的 研究辛开苦降方对KKay 2型糖尿病（T2DM）小鼠肝脏胰岛素受体底物-2/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶通路（IRS-2/PI3K）的影响.方法 将小鼠随机分为辛开组、苦降组、辛开苦降组、罗格列酮组、模型组.对照组选10周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠10只.对照组及模型组给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液（CMC）.灌胃给药四周后测血浆葡萄糖（FBG）,及胰岛素浓度（FINS）,免疫蛋白质印迹法（Western blotting）测定肝组织IRS-2、P-IRS-2（磷酸化胰岛素受体底物-2）、PI3K、P-PI3K（磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶）、IRS-3、IRS-4蛋白表达水平,RT-PCR法测定肝组织PI3K 、IRS-2、IRS-3、InsR（胰岛素受体）的mRNA表达水平.结果 与模型组比较,苦降组、马来酸罗格列酮组血糖明显降低（P＜0.05）.与模型组比较,各给药组小鼠胰岛素浓度均降低,IAI均升高（P＜0.05）.辛开苦降组、辛开组、苦降组可增强T2DM KKay小鼠IRS-2及其磷酸化形式的蛋白表达（P＜0.05）,抑制负性调节因子IRS-3、4蛋白表达（P＜0.05）.辛开苦降组可以增强PI3K、P-PI3K蛋白表达量及PI3-K mRNA表达（P＜0.05）.各给药组间相比,各指标差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 辛开苦降方及其拆方可改善胰岛素抵抗,可能是通过恢复肝脏细胞内正调控和负调控IRS蛋白的平衡实现的.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.