HAART开始后早期病毒学控制影响HIV患者后果

据医业网1月18日报道（原载Clin Infect Dis2006；42：136—144），高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）初始阶段的病毒学控制可预测直至未来6年的生存。     

我国HIV感染者HAART治疗后IPC水平变化的研究

目的探索我国艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者外周血I型干扰素产生细胞(IPC)水平及高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)对IPC水平的影响。方法采用以BDCA2、BDCA4及CD4作为IPC特征性表面标志组合的全血染色法,对HIV阴性正常人、未接受HAART治疗的HIV感染者、接受3个月以上HAART治疗的HIV感染者的外周血样品IPC水平进行测定,使用SPSS 11.5 for Windows进行数据分析,比较两组间的差异使用Mann-Whitney Test检验。结果HIV感染者外周血中IPC水平明显低于正常人群;病毒载量(VL)低于检测下限(LDL)的感染者其IPC/CD4水平明显高于病毒载量大于LDL的感染人群;有效的HAART治疗后IPC及CD4的数量增加。结论IPC细胞在HIV感染中明显受损,有效的HAART治疗可以部分恢复IPC水平。     

182例HIV/AIDS实施高效抗反转录病毒治疗的疗效评价

目的分析182例HIV/AIDS实施高效抗反转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)的效果及其影响因素,为进一步有效治疗提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对我院接受规范HAART的182例HIV/AIDS患者的CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对计数和病毒载量进行分析。结果 182例中,157例治疗后CD4+T淋巴细胞计数增加,且在治疗后前6个月内增加速度最快,随着治疗时间延长则较为缓慢。病毒载量在治疗后的6个月内下降最快,大部分降至血浆检测不到的水平,6个月后比较稳定;但随着治疗时间延长,部分患者的病毒载量出现反弹,可能与患者服药依从性差和病毒耐药性的出现有关。治疗前后CD4+T淋巴细胞计数差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析表明年龄和病毒载量是影响HAART疗效的危险因素,基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和按时服药是保护因素。结论 HAART能明显增加CD4+T淋巴细胞计数,降低病毒载量,有效控制机会感染,治疗效果显著。影响HAART疗效的因素是多方面的,在治疗过程中应综合考虑各种可能影响因素以提高疗效,对符合条件的患者应尽早进行规范的抗病毒治疗。     

HIV合并HBV感染者启动HAART后肾功能损害情况及影响因素分析

目的了解人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)合并乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染者启动高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active anti-retroviral treatment,HAART)后肾功能损害情况,并分析其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2010-01～2015-06广西启动HAART的3 395例HIV合并HBV感染者,采用Logistic回归模型分析启动治疗第12个月肾功能损害发生的影响因素。结果研究对象在启动HAART后第12个月的肾功能损害发生率为14. 76%。服用含克力芝的一线治疗方案(AOR=4. 19,95%CI=2. 76～6. 38)及启动治疗时WHO分期为3/4期(AOR=1. 86,95%CI=1. 49～2. 33)是治疗后第12个月发生肾功能损害的危险因素。与启动治疗时CD4计数200个/μL者相比,启动治疗时CD4计数为200～349个/μL(AOR=0. 66,95%CI=0. 50～0. 85)、350～499个/μL(AOR=0. 54,95%CI=0. 34～0. 84)、≥500个/μL者(AOR=0. 36,95%CI=0. 18～0. 74)治疗后第12个月肾功能损害风险较低。结论 HIV合并HBV感染者应尽早启动HAART,选择含替诺福韦的一线治疗方案可以有效降低治疗第12个月肾功能损害风险。     

32例HIV/AIDS患者HAART治疗效果

目的为了了解高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)有效组合,减轻药物的毒副作用,增强疗效,改善艾滋病(AIDS)患者和艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者生存质量。方法对32例AIDS/HIV患者,采用国产HAART:奈韦拉平(NVP) 司它夫丁(D4T) 去羟肌苷散(DDI)常规服药,治疗观察时间6个月。结果30例CD4计数平均增加130±130.38个/μl;CD4/CD8比值平均增加0.207±0.104,2例(57岁、62岁各1例)治疗1~2个月后因肺部感染而死亡。提示HAART能够有效促进免疫重建,减轻症状,延长生命;但治疗开始时间与HIV感染的时间、年龄、CD4细胞和CD4/CD8比值有明显的相关性。结论治疗要抓住有利时机,尽可能早治疗,促进和加快免疫重建。尤其对儿童与老年人更应选择有利时机早治疗。     

降血脂药对HIV患者HAART相关的高脂血症有效

据医学空间网8月18日报道（原载AIDS 2005；19：1051-1058），与使用转换为蛋白酶抑制剂（PI）节省治疗策略比较，使用普伐他汀或苯扎贝特似乎更有效地降低与高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）相关的高脂血症。     

43例HIV／AIDS患者HAART治疗的效果分析

目的 分析对HIV/AIDS患者实施高效抗逆转录病毒(HAART)治疗的效果及影响因素.方法 采用病例回顾性分析方法,对2006年2月～2008年2月在乌鲁木齐市友谊医院接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的43例HIV/MDS患者的效果进行分析.结果 43例病人中,33例病人在治疗后CD4 T细胞增加,患者的其他临床症状也得到好转.治疗前后CD4 T细胞计数水平有显著性差异(P＜0.05).7例患者治疗失败(3例死亡).结论 HAART治疗对增加HIV/AIDS患者CD4 T细胞数量,改善患者临床症状效果明显,HAART治疗时机的选择对治疗效果有一定的影响.     

Discordance in HIV-1 viral loads and antiretroviral drug concentrations comparing semen and blood plasma

Objectives

For individuals not on antiretroviral therapy, the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV appears negligible when blood plasma (BP) viral loads are <1500 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL. It is not clear whether this observation can be extrapolated to individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Because of differential tissue penetration, antiretroviral drug concentrations may be sufficient to maintain an undetectable viral load in the BP yet not achieve adequate levels to suppress HIV in the genital tract. Therefore, we wanted to correlate HIV viral loads and drug concentrations in semen plasma (SP) and BP.

Methods

Thirty‐three men were included. All were on combination antiretroviral therapy with an undetectable BP viral load for at least 1 year. Blood and semen samples were collected within 2 h of each other and tested for HIV RNA by the NucliSens QT (bioMerieux, St Laurent, QC, Canada) method; drug concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

Two of the 33 patients (6.1%) with BP viral loads below detection had time‐matched HIV viral loads in SP ≥700 copies/mL. Both patients were on efavirenz, the SP concentrations of which were ≤10% of the levels in BP and well below the minimal therapeutic drug monitoring target concentration required to suppress HIV.

Conclusions

Because, at least in part, of poor drug penetration into the genital tract, an undetectable HIV viral load in the BP does not guarantee an undetectable viral load in semen. In view of this, caution should be taken in concluding that patients on HAART with suppressed viraemia are sexually non‐infectious.     

HIV感染者检测病毒载量和CD4淋巴细胞计数的关系

目的 探讨HIV感染者抗逆转录病毒治疗前血液标本HIV病毒载量(VL)及CD4淋巴细胞计数的关系.方法 采用RT-PCR法和流式细胞分析系统,对重庆地区部分HIV病毒感染者169份血液标本的VL和CD4平行检测结果进行分析.结果 169份标本中VL能被定量的有160份(94.7%),其结果6.0×103~2.80×107拷贝/ml之间,CD4细胞计数3~836个/μl.经相关性分析,CD4细胞值与VL对数值呈负相关(r=-0.43,P<0.01).结论平行检测VL和CD4细胞数可帮助了解疾病进展状况,选择开始治疗的时机.     

艾滋病的高效抗逆转录病毒治疗、疗效观察及其对免疫功能的影响

目的 为探讨艾滋病高效抗逆转录病毒治疗、疗效观察及其对免疫功能的影响.方法 应用HAART疗法对4例有严重免疫功能低下的HIV/AIDS病人进行治疗.结果 所有病人在治疗4周HIV复制被明显抑制,血浆病毒载量平均下降1.99log/ml(0.73～2.46log/ml),CD_8~ 、CD_4~ 细胞和血浆IL-2浓度在4～12周后持续性显著增高,上升幅度分别为67.2%,103.0%,255.1%,而血浆sIL-2R、IL-6、TNF-α、sTNFR-I、Neopterin浓度在治疗4～12周后持续下降至正常水平或以下.HAART治疗后各因素变化间的相关性分析显示,CD_4~ 细胞数与CD_8~ 、CD_3~ 细胞和血浆IL-2浓度之间,血浆病毒载量与sIL-2R、IL-6、TNF-α、sTNFR-I、Neopterin之间,sTNFR-I和Neopterin与sIL-2R、IL-6、TNF-α之间均存在明显正直线相关性;而CD_4~ 细胞数与血浆病毒载量、sIL-2R、sTNFR-I、Neopterin之间.以及IL-2和sIL-2R之间则有明显负直线相关性.结论 抗病毒治疗效果、病毒复制和免疫活化间具有密切关系,HAART治疗能快速有效地抑制HIV-1的复制,纠正机体免疫功能紊乱和重建免疫功能;外周血CD_4~ 细胞数、血浆病毒载量、IL-2、sIL-2R、TNF-α、sTNFR-I、Neopterin的浓度变化可以作为HAART治疗效果评价的重要指标.     

AIDS患者高效抗逆转录病毒联合治疗后外周血CD+8 CD+38T细胞与病毒载量同步变化

目的了解艾滋病(AIDS)患者高效抗逆转录病毒联合治疗(HAART)前后外周血CD+38抗原在CD+8T淋巴细胞上的表达情况.方法应用流式细胞仪采用双色荧光抗体检测技术检测CD+8 CD+38 T细胞;用罗式核酸扩增荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测血浆病毒载量(VL).结果 HAART后2周内CD+8 CD+38 T细胞数与VL开始同步下降,12周后83%AIDS患者的VL降至＜500拷贝/ml,同时CD+8 CD+38 T细胞计数与治疗前相比非常明显地降低(P＜0.001).而且63%的AIDS患者在血浆VL低于检测水平时,其CD+8 CD+38 T细胞数仍继续下降(与VL开始达到检测水平以下时相比,P＜0.001).结论 AIDS患者在HAART开始后,CD+8 CD+38 T细胞数与VL快速下降,在24周左右降至正常水平;并且CD+8 CD+38 T细胞数在VL达到检测不到时仍继续下降,提示在血浆VL低于检测水平时,CD+8 CD+38 T细胞数能够作为判断病毒是否复制的标记.     

HIV感染者急性期血浆CCL2水平与病毒载量关系分析

目的探究HIV感染者急性期血浆CCL2水平与病毒载量相关性以及动态变化关系。方法选取中国医科大学附属第一医院红丝带门诊HIV感染者54例,对样本的CCL2水平、病毒载量进行分析。结果急性期CCL2表达水平与病毒载量呈正相关(r=0.2920,P=0.0464);急性期CCL2水平与病毒载量存在一致的动态变化关系,在ART中断后,CCL2表达水平随着病毒载量增高而增高。急性期CCL2水平与HIV感染1年时间点的病毒载呈正相关,ROC曲线分析显示急性期血浆CCL2水平对HIV感染1年后病毒载量高低分组(高组≥4.5 Lg copies/mL,低组≤3.5 Lg copies/mL)的预测价值为80.30%(AUC=0.8030,P=0.0444),Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示急性期CCL2 high组(≥12.30pg/mL)的HIV感染者,其发生高水平病毒载量(≥4.5 Lg copies/mL)结局事件所需时间更短(P=0.0339)。结论HIV感染者急性期血浆CCL2水平与病毒载量水平呈正相关,急性期血浆CCL2高表达预示HIV感染者体内更快的疾病进展。CCL2有希望作为一个阻断靶点,限制HIV的侵袭能力。     

Correlates of antiretroviral adherence and viral load among transgender women living with HIV

Transgender women are 49 times more likely to become HIV infected than other groups, yet they are drastically underserved by current treatment efforts and report lower rates of treatment adherence then other groups. The objective of this study was to explore correlates of antiretroviral (ART) adherence and viral load among HIV-positive transgender women on ART utilizing a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 59 transgender women. In multivariate models of ART adherence, correlates were age, stress appraisal of transphobic experiences, importance of gender affirmation, and adherence to hormone therapy. In multivariate models of self-reported viral load, correlates were stress appraisal of transphobic experiences and being in a relationship. This study provides preliminary evidence of transgender-relevant correlates of ART adherence and viral load.     

针对结核/艾滋病双重感染病人实施抗病毒治疗的研究进展

针对结核/艾滋病（TB/HIV）双重感染病人的治疗极其复杂,并非是简单地将抗结核药物和抗病毒药物相加而成。由于药物的不良反应,免疫重构综合征的发生以及高死亡率等原因,TB/HIV双重感染的治疗在治疗方案和治疗时点上仍然没有明确的定论。截至目前,中国仍然无任何针对TB/HIV双重感染病人进行治疗的临床资料可借鉴。为此,文章对世界上各国针对TB/HIV双重感染治疗的研究进展进行综述。     

Evaluating virological outcomes in people with HIV on stable antiretroviral therapy with reduced frequency of HIV viral load monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, HIV outpatient attendances were restricted from March 2020, resulting in reduced frequency of HIV viral load (VL) monitoring (previously 6-monthly) in clinically stable and virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH). We investigated virological outcomes during this period of reduced monitoring and compared with the previous year, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

People living with HIV with undetectable VL (<200 HIV RNA copies /mL) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were identified from March 2018 to February 2019. We determined VL outcomes during the pre-COVD-19 period (March 2019–February 2020) and the COVID-19 period (March 2020–February 2021) when monitoring was restricted. Frequency and longest durations between VL tests in each period were evaluated, and virological sequelae in those with detectable VL were determined.

Results

Of 2677 PLWH virologically suppressed on ART (March 2018–February 2019), VLs were measured and undetectable in 2571 (96.0%) and 2003 (77.9%) in the pre-COVID and COVID periods, respectively. Mean (SD) numbers of VL tests were 2.3 (1.08) and 1.1 (0.83) and mean longest duration between VL tests was 29.5 weeks (SD 8.25, 3.1% were ≥12 months) and 43.7 weeks (12.64, 28.4% were ≥12 months), in the pre-COVID and COVID periods, respectively. Of 45 individuals with one or more detectable VL during the COVID-19 period, two developed new drug resistance mutations.

Conclusion

Reduced VL monitoring was not associated with poorer virological outcomes in the majority of stable individuals receiving ART. One in 20 individuals had not returned for VL testing after ≥31 months and the risk of harm in these individuals is unknown.