亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的:探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T多态性及血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与脑梗死的关系,进一步确定遗传因素对血浆Hcy水平及脑梗死的影响,为脑梗死遗传易感基因的识别和防治提供科学依据。方法:用高效液相色谱法测定受检者血浆Hcy水平,并采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术,检测84例脑梗死患者和81例健康对照者的MTHFR基因C677T的基因型,比较和分析病例组与对照组间基因型及等位基因的分布频率差异。结果:病例组血浆Hcy水平明显高于对照组;病例组TT纯合基因型和T等位基因频率均明显高于对照组;MTHFR基因C677T多态性中TT基因型血浆Hcy水平显著高于CT基因型及CC基因型,差异均具有统计学意义。结论:MTHFR C677T多态性TT基因型致血浆Hcy水平增高,可能是引起脑梗死发病的重要遗传因素。     

MTHFR 基因多态性及同型半胱氨酸与维吾尔族人群静脉血栓栓塞症的相关性研究

目的：探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）基因 C677T 位点突变及同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与维吾尔族静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）发生的关系。方法选择2008年1月-2012年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院住院的维吾尔族 VTE 患者94例（VTE 组）,健康对照组86例;采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-PFLP）技术检测 MTHFR 基因 C677T 多态性,应用酶循环法检测血浆 Hcy 水平,分析 Hcy 及 MTHFR 基因C677T 多态性与 VTE 的关联性。结果VTE 组与健康对照组 MTHFR 基因 C677T 突变位点基因型分布和各等位基因频率比较差异均有统计学意义（P 均＜0．05）;VTE 组血浆 Hcy 水平高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。VTE 组677TT 基因型者血浆 Hcy 水平高于 CC 和 CT 基因型,差异有统计学意义（P 均＜0．05）。结论MTHFR 基因 C677T 基因多态性及血浆 Hcy 水平可能与维吾尔族人群 VTE 的发生有关。     

MTHFRC677T和MSA2756G基因多态性与精液质量相关性研究

目的:探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR) C677T 和甲硫氨酸合成酶(MS) A2756G 基因多态性与我国男性精液质量的相关性。方法:选取特发性少、弱、畸精症患者75 例为实验组, 有正常孕育史和精液质量正常的男性72 例为对照组, 分析MTHFR C677T 及MS A2756G 基因多态性在两组中分布的差异, 检测两组中血同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine, Hcy) 水平。结果:精液异常组中MTHFR 基因C677T 多态性CT, TT 及CT+TT 型的分布频率均高于对照组中相应基因型的分布频率(P<0.05), T 等位基因在精液异常组中的分布频率亦高于对照组(P<0.05)。MSA2756G 基因多态性各基因型及等位基因在对照组和精液异常组中的分布频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。精液异常组的Hcy 水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。所有研究对象中, MTHFR677CT, TT 及CT+TT 型的Hcy 水平均高于CC 型( 分别P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01)。MS2756AA, AG 及GG 型的Hcy 水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:MTHFR C677T基因的CT 型及TT 型多态性改变与我国男性精液异常密切相关, 可能是导致精液异常的原因之一;T 等位基因可能是导致精液异常的危险因素。MTHFR C677T 基因多态性的改变可能通过高Hcy 途径影响男性精液质量。MS A2756G基因多态性与我国男性精液质量无关。     

长治人群MTHFR C677T基因多态性分布与血浆Hcy水平

目的 对N5,N10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)的MTHFR C677T基因位点的基因多态性和血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平进行分析,了解其在长治地区人群中的分布情况. 方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCRRFLP)对192例健康人的血标本进行MTHFR C677T基因多态性分析;采用酶联免疫吸附法进行血浆HCY水平测定. 结果 长治地区健康人群中MTHFR C677T基因的CC、CT和TT基因型频率分别为16.67％,50.52％和32.81％,C、T等位基因频率分别为41.93％和58.07％.其中男性人群MTHFR C677T基因的CC、CT和TT基因型频率分别为20.21％,53.19％和26.60％,女性人群则分别为13.26％,47.96％和38.78％,男、女性人群基因型频率差异无显著性(P＞0.05);男、女性人群C等位基因频率分别为46.81％和37.24％,T等位基因频率分别为53.19％和62.76％,男、女性人群C、T等位基因频率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).MTHFR C677T基因型频率在长治地区男性人群、女性人群、总人群中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡.人群中血浆Hcy水平为(9.1±4.0) μmol/L;男、女性人群血浆HCY水平经t检验无显著性差异;总人群MTHFR C677T位点各基因型间,血浆HCY水平亦无显著性差异. 结论 MTHFR C677T基因多态性在长治地区人群中的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,在男、女性人群中的分布无显著性差异;长治地区健康人群血浆HCY水平为(9.1±4.0) μmol/L,男、女性人群血浆HCY水平无显著性差异.本试验数据可为MTHFR基因突变与同型半胱氨酸代谢相关疾病病因研究提供遗传学数据.     

中青年复发性脑梗死与亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性相关性研究

目的 探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）基因C677T位点多态性与中青年复发性脑梗死（RIS）的关系。方法 选取2010年1月-2014年8月齐齐哈尔医学院附属第三医院神经内科收治的中青年RIS患者126例为复发组,另选择同时期收治的首次发病的中青年脑梗死患者130例为首发组,采用聚合酶链反应-限制片段长度多态性法检测分析MTHFR基因C677T位点多态性;采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平,采用全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪检测血浆维生素B12、叶酸水平。结果 复发组患者高血压病史、吸烟率均高于首发组（P＜0.05）。两组患者MTHFR基因C677T位点基因型分布比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;复发组患者T等位基因频率较首发组升高（P＜0.05）。复发组TT、CC基因型患者血浆Hcy水平较首发组TT、CC基因型患者升高（P＜0.05）;两组TC基因型患者血浆Hcy水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组CT、CC基因型患者血浆维生素B12、叶酸水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组TT基因型患者血浆维生素B12水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;复发组TT基因型患者血浆叶酸水平较首发组TT基因型患者降低（P＜0.05）。结论 MTHFR基因TT基因型是中青年RIS的重要因素,TT基因型中青年RIS患者存在高Hcy及低叶酸,建议对此类患者应尽早合理补充叶酸。     

MTHFR基因C677T位点多态性与风湿性疾病的相关性

目的:检测多种风湿性疾病患者亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T位点多态性,探讨其与血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸、VitB12及其疾病的关系.方法:测定54例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、48例类风湿关节炎(RA)、60例强直性脊柱炎(AS)、30例未分化脊柱关节病(uSpA)患者和62例正常对照者的Hcy、VitB12、叶酸的水平,采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性技术检测MTHFR基因677位的多态性.结果:(1)各疾病组CC基因型频率显著低于正常对照组,总的突变T等位基因频率显著高于对照组.(2)MTHFR基因677位C→T的突变使Hcy水平升高[CC型,(13.41±5.78)μmol·L-1;CT型,(16.81±4.22)μmol·L-1;TT型(20.88±6.60)μmol·L-1,P＜0.001].(3)TT基因型是高Hcy血症的易感基因,OR=84.46,P＜0.05;同时还是SLE的易感基因,OR=7.56,P＜0.05.结论:(1)SLE、RA、AS、uSpA 4种疾病患者普遍存在MTHFR基因C677T位突变和高Hcy血症.(2)TT型基因不仅是Hcy异常升高的易感基因,也是SLE的易感基因.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T多态性及同型半胱氨酸与高脂血症的关联性

目的探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因(MTHFR)C677T多态性及血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与高脂血症的关联性。方
法收集1591例研究对象,采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术检测MTHFR C677T基因多态性,采
用酶循环法检测血浆Hcy,同时检测血脂水平,按血脂水平将研究对象分组,其中高脂血症组694例,健康对照组897例,比较两
组MTHFR C677T基因多态性及血浆Hcy的差异。统计工具采用SPSS17.0统计软件。结果高脂血症组的MTHFR C677T基
因CC、CT、TT三种基因型频率和C、T两种等位基因频率,以及血浆Hcy水平与健康对照组比较差异无显著性意义（P>0.05）。
CC、CT、TT三种不同MTHFR C677T基因型的血浆Hcy水平差异有极显著性意义（P<0.01）,而六种血脂水平差异无显著性意
义（P>0.05）;通过进一步两两比较结果显示,TT基因型的血浆Hcy水平与CC、CT基因型比较差异有极显著性意义（P<0.01）,
TT基因型的血浆Hcy 水平明显高于CC、CT基因型;而CC基因型的血浆Hcy 水平与CT基因型比较差异无显著性意义（P>
0.05）。结论MTHFR C677T基因多态性和血浆Hcy水平两者与高脂血症均不具关联性,而MTHFR C677T基因多态性与血浆
Hcy水平显著相关,TT基因型的血浆Hcy水平明显高于CC、CT基因型。
     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T多态性与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变及叶酸水平相关性研究

目的:探究冠心病患者冠状动脉病变及叶酸水平与其亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因(MTHFR)C677T多态性的相关性。方法:将98例冠心病患者以及同期接受健康检查的35例正常人作为研究对象,将其分为冠心病组与正常组,对两组受检者MTHFR C677T多态性和叶酸水平进行检验并分析患者的冠状动脉病变程度差异,对其之间的关系进行详细分析。结果:两组受检者MTHFR C677T基因型及等位基因频率分布无统计学差异(P>0.05),冠心病组患者的同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平显著高于正常组(P<0.05)。从受检患者MTHFR C677T基因型分布情况来看,随着患者冠状动脉病变情况的程度加深患者TT及TC基因型频率分布和患者Hcy水平逐渐增加,CC基因型频率分布逐渐下降,TC、CC基因型和Hcy水平组间对比差异无统计学意义(P<0.05),TT基因型频率分布组间对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从MTHFR C677T基因型与叶酸水平的关系来看,TT、TC基因个体的叶酸水平均较CC基因个体高(P<0.05)。结论:MTHFR C677T基因多态性与叶酸水平以及冠心病患者发病风险之间存在明显的关系,患者血清Hcy水平上升也就是叶酸浓度降低以及MTHFR C677T基因型多态性尤其是携带T基因型的患者具有较高的冠心病患病风险,同时MTHFR C677T基因型多态性还与冠心病患者的病情进展存在一定联系,能够对冠心病患者的病情进展状况进行判断,增加了临床针对性治疗和患者疗效评价的有效参考指标。     

百色地区人群MTHFR C677T基因多态性 对高脂血症的影响

目的 分析百色地区人群亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR）C677T位点基因多态性对高脂血症的影响。方法 选取2020年5月至2022年9月在百色市人民医院进行体检的1073例高脂血症患者作为高脂血症组,选取同期1036例健康体检者作为对照组。检测两组的血脂水平,应用PCR-荧光探针法测定MTHFR C677T基因型。观察两组MTHFR C677T基因型和等位基因频率的分布情况,分析MTHFR C677T不同基因型对高脂血症的影响。结果 高脂血症组与对照组的MTHFR C677T 3种基因型（CC、CT、TT）、两种等位基因（C、T）,以及显性模型（CC vs. CT+TT）、超显性模型（CT vs. CC+TT）、隐性模型（TT vs. CC+CT）频率的分布情况比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。高脂血症各亚组的基因型及等位基因频率分布与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组MTHFR C677T不同基因型间总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 百色地区人群MTHFR C677T 位点的基因多态性可能对高脂血症影响不大。     

同型半胱氨酸代谢酶MTHFR、CBS、MS基因多态性与脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄的相关性

目的 探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)代谢酶亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶( MTHFR)基因C677T、胱硫醚β-合成酶(CBS)基因844ins68、T27796C和甲硫氨酸合成酶(MS)基因A2756G基因多态性与脑梗死患者颈动脉狭窄的相关性.方法 脑梗死组135例,对照组65例,采用聚合酶链反应一限制性内切酶片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)检测基因表型.结果 ①脑梗死组MTHFR C677T突变(TT)基因型及T等位基因频率显著高于对照组(均P＜0.05);脑梗死伴中重度颈动脉狭窄组MTHFR C677T突变(TT)基因型及T等住基因频率高于脑梗死伴轻度颈动脉狭窄组和脑梗死无颈动脉狭窄组(均P＜0.05).②脑梗死组CBS T27796C突变(CC)基因型及C等住基因频率显著高于对照组(均P＜0.05);脑梗死伴中重度颈动脉狭窄组T27796C突变(CC)基因型及C等位基因频率高于脑梗死伴轻度颈动脉狭窄组和脑梗死无颈动脉狭窄组(均P ＜0.05).CBS844ins68位点多态性,未发现突变.③脑梗死组MS A2756G突变(AG)基因型及G等位基因频率与对照组比较无显著性差异(均P ＞0.05).脑梗死伴中重度狭窄组MS A2756G突变(AG)基因型及G等位基因频率与脑梗死伴轻度颈动脉狭窄组和脑梗死无颈动脉狭窄组比较均无显著性差异(均P ＞0.05).结论 MTHFR基因C677T位点、CBS基因T27796C位点突变与脑梗死颈动脉狭窄及其程度相关,MS基因A2756G位点突变与脑梗死颈动脉狭窄及其程度无关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.